Re: 感觉肝功能阳性就象携带艾滋病毒# NextGeneration - 我爱宝宝
c*i
1 楼
(1) Taiwan is the the first in the world to start universal vaccination
against hepatitis b virus (HBV), in 1984.
The vaccine then was produced by Merck from human serum. In 1986 California-
based Chiron Corporation succeeded in making the first recombinant vaccine,
the
hepatitis B vaccine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine
(section 1 The invention, whose reference 4 is Lawrence M Fisher,
Biotechnology Spotlight Now Shines on Chiron. New York Times, Oct 13, 1986.
http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/13/business/biotechnology-spotli
)
, and transferred the technology to Merck, whose product is Recombivax HB (
see next).
(2) Recombivax HB. Merck, undated.
http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/r/recombivax_hb/r
Quote:
"is a non-infectious subunit viral vaccine derived from hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg) produced in yeast cells. A portion of the hepatitis B virus
gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast * * * [after purification] The
vaccine contains no detectable yeast DNA but may contain not more than
1% yeast protein.
"RECOMBIVAX HB was shown to be highly immunogenic in clinical studies
involving infants * * * Three 5 mcg doses of vaccine induced a protective
level of antibody in 100% of 92
infants[10] * * * The protective efficacy of three 5 mcg doses of RECOMBIVAX
HB has been demonstrated in neonates born of mothers positive for both
HBsAg and HBeAg (a core-associated antigenic complex which correlates with
high infectivity). In a clinical study of infants who received one dose of
HBIG at birth followed by the recommended three-dose regimen of RECOMBIVAX
HB, chronic infection had not occurred in 96% of 130 infants after nine
months of follow-up.[16]
Ref 10: Data on file at Merck Research Laboratories.
Ref 16: Stevens, C.E.; Taylor, P.E.; Tong, M.J., et al.: Prevention of
Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Infection with Hepatitis B Immune Globulin and
Hepatitis B Vaccine, in Zuckerman, A.J. (ed.), “Viral Hepatitis and Liver
Diseases”, Alan R. Liss, 982-983, 1988.
(2) Another recombinant HBV vaccine is
Engerix B. GlaxoSmithKline, undated.
http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/9283/SPC/Engerix+B+20+
Quote:
"In field studies, a protective efficacy between 95% and 100% was
demonstrated in neonates, children and adults at risk.
"A 95% protective efficacy was demonstrated in neonates of HBeAg positive
mothers, immunised according to the 0, 1, 2 and 12 or 0, 1 and 6 schedules
without the concomitant administration of HBIg at birth. However,
simultaneous administration of HBIg and vaccine at birth increased the
protective efficacy to 98%.
(c) However, US government is not so optimistic, whose conclusion is similar
to Taiwan's.
"Clinical trials of the hepatitis B vaccines licensed in the United States
have shown that they are 80%-95% effective in preventing HBV infection and
clinical hepatitis among susceptible children and adults."
Katz SL et al, Hepatitis B Virus: A Comprehensive Strategy for Eliminating
Transmission in the United States Through Universal Childhood Vaccination:
Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP).
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 40(RR-13); 1-19 (Nov 22, 1991).
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033405.htm
(d) Those who are interested in HBV--particularly its surface antigen (HBs)-
-may read on.
HBV is made up of a protein coat with double-stranded DNA at the core. The
DNA is made up of four genes (S, C, P and X), encoding basically four
proteins.
(i) The surface protein (or HBs antigen) has three lengths : L (large, 400
amino acids), M (medium, 281 amino acids), and S (small, 226 amino acids).
(ii) The C gene encodes two proteins: the longer HBc antigen and the shorter
HBe antigen.
There are a few graphics in
Henryk Dancygier, Clinical Hepatology; Principle and practice of
hepatobiliary Diseases, volume 2. Springer 2010, pages 675-678.
http://books.google.com/books?id=lrPX8C4p90QC&pg
=PR6&dq=Henryk+Dancygier,+Clinical+Hepatology;
+Principle+and+practice+of+hepatobiliary+Diseases,
+volume+2&hl=en&ei=3717TZvrDITmrAHb4rzwBQ&sa
=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q
6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
against hepatitis b virus (HBV), in 1984.
The vaccine then was produced by Merck from human serum. In 1986 California-
based Chiron Corporation succeeded in making the first recombinant vaccine,
the
hepatitis B vaccine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine
(section 1 The invention, whose reference 4 is Lawrence M Fisher,
Biotechnology Spotlight Now Shines on Chiron. New York Times, Oct 13, 1986.
http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/13/business/biotechnology-spotli
)
, and transferred the technology to Merck, whose product is Recombivax HB (
see next).
(2) Recombivax HB. Merck, undated.
http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/r/recombivax_hb/r
Quote:
"is a non-infectious subunit viral vaccine derived from hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg) produced in yeast cells. A portion of the hepatitis B virus
gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast * * * [after purification] The
vaccine contains no detectable yeast DNA but may contain not more than
1% yeast protein.
"RECOMBIVAX HB was shown to be highly immunogenic in clinical studies
involving infants * * * Three 5 mcg doses of vaccine induced a protective
level of antibody in 100% of 92
infants[10] * * * The protective efficacy of three 5 mcg doses of RECOMBIVAX
HB has been demonstrated in neonates born of mothers positive for both
HBsAg and HBeAg (a core-associated antigenic complex which correlates with
high infectivity). In a clinical study of infants who received one dose of
HBIG at birth followed by the recommended three-dose regimen of RECOMBIVAX
HB, chronic infection had not occurred in 96% of 130 infants after nine
months of follow-up.[16]
Ref 10: Data on file at Merck Research Laboratories.
Ref 16: Stevens, C.E.; Taylor, P.E.; Tong, M.J., et al.: Prevention of
Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Infection with Hepatitis B Immune Globulin and
Hepatitis B Vaccine, in Zuckerman, A.J. (ed.), “Viral Hepatitis and Liver
Diseases”, Alan R. Liss, 982-983, 1988.
(2) Another recombinant HBV vaccine is
Engerix B. GlaxoSmithKline, undated.
http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/9283/SPC/Engerix+B+20+
Quote:
"In field studies, a protective efficacy between 95% and 100% was
demonstrated in neonates, children and adults at risk.
"A 95% protective efficacy was demonstrated in neonates of HBeAg positive
mothers, immunised according to the 0, 1, 2 and 12 or 0, 1 and 6 schedules
without the concomitant administration of HBIg at birth. However,
simultaneous administration of HBIg and vaccine at birth increased the
protective efficacy to 98%.
(c) However, US government is not so optimistic, whose conclusion is similar
to Taiwan's.
"Clinical trials of the hepatitis B vaccines licensed in the United States
have shown that they are 80%-95% effective in preventing HBV infection and
clinical hepatitis among susceptible children and adults."
Katz SL et al, Hepatitis B Virus: A Comprehensive Strategy for Eliminating
Transmission in the United States Through Universal Childhood Vaccination:
Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP).
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 40(RR-13); 1-19 (Nov 22, 1991).
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033405.htm
(d) Those who are interested in HBV--particularly its surface antigen (HBs)-
-may read on.
HBV is made up of a protein coat with double-stranded DNA at the core. The
DNA is made up of four genes (S, C, P and X), encoding basically four
proteins.
(i) The surface protein (or HBs antigen) has three lengths : L (large, 400
amino acids), M (medium, 281 amino acids), and S (small, 226 amino acids).
(ii) The C gene encodes two proteins: the longer HBc antigen and the shorter
HBe antigen.
There are a few graphics in
Henryk Dancygier, Clinical Hepatology; Principle and practice of
hepatobiliary Diseases, volume 2. Springer 2010, pages 675-678.
http://books.google.com/books?id=lrPX8C4p90QC&pg
=PR6&dq=Henryk+Dancygier,+Clinical+Hepatology;
+Principle+and+practice+of+hepatobiliary+Diseases,
+volume+2&hl=en&ei=3717TZvrDITmrAHb4rzwBQ&sa
=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q
6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false