Vascular Dementia (formerly mult-infarct dementia)血管性痴呆

A. The development of multiplecognitive deficits manifested by both

多个方面的认知出现问题,主要表现为:

(1) memory impairment (impaired abilityto learn new information or to recall previously learned information)

记忆障碍(不能记住新学习的事物,或者不能回忆以前学到的东西)

(2) one (or more) of the followingcognitive disturbances:

以下一(或多方面)认知障碍

(a) aphasia (language disturbance)

失语症(语言障碍)

(b) apraxia (impaired ability to carryout motor activities despite intact motor function)

失用症(虽然运动系统的功能完好,却不能执行肌肉运动)

(c) agnosia (failure to recognize oridentify objects despite intact sensory function)

失认症(尽管感觉系统功能完好,却不能认识或识别物体)

(d) disturbance in executivefunctioning (i.e., planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting)

执行功能障碍(例如:不能做计划,不能整理,没有条理,不能进行概括)

B. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupationalfunctioning and represent a significant decline from a previous levelof functioning.

以上两大方面的障碍严重影响了人在社会,事业方面的功能,与发病前相比有显著的功能减退

C. Focal neurological signs andsymptoms (e.g., exaggeration of deep tendon reflexes, extensorplantar response, pseudobulbar paslsy, gait abnormalities, weaknessof an extremity) or laboratory evidence indicative of cerebrovasculardisease (e.g., multipe infarctions involving cortex and underlyingwhite matter) that are judged to be etiologically related to thedisturbance.

面部神经症状在病因学上与以上记忆和认知障碍相关(如:深部肌腱反应过度,伸张反应出现,步态不正常,某个肢端无力),或者实验室检查发现有脑血管疾病(如:大脑皮层或白质下有多出栓塞)

D. The deficits do not occurexclusively during the course of a delirium.

以上记忆和认知障碍不只是出现在神智不清的时候.