case by case 有时候是看“受害人”主观的,比如往对方身上滴蜡烛,是不是受害就得看对方怎么想 ,外人无从置喙 有时候是看公序良俗有客观性的,比如玩弄感情,可能对方沉迷其中无怨无悔,但是此 事就有外人有发言权 再比如使用童工。假如有个小孩不喜欢上学就愿意打工呢?社会应该有多少发言权?这 些都是值得研究的问题。 再比如协助自杀,等等等等,有很多道德悖论 不可能从几条简单的原则解决所有问题,这就像会了牛顿三定律不能号称能解决所有物 理问题一样。也许道德问题更复杂,包含了人的心理、传统和现实等因素,不可能精确 求解。但是对求解的兴趣也是道德感的表现。人永远不能避免互相伤害,不管怎么讲道 德都做不到,全部都是圣人也做不到。道德感就是对他人可能遭受伤害的敏感度。
原话: It is not enough to teach a man a specialty. Through it he may become a kind of useful machine but not a harmoniously developed personality. It is essential that the student acquire an understanding of and a lively feeling for values. He must acquire a vivid sense of the beautiful and of the morally good. Otherwise he—with his specialized knowledge—more closely resembles a well-trained dog than a harmoniously developed person. He must learn to understand the motives of human beings, their illusions, and their sufferings in order to acquire a proper relationship to individual fellow- men and to the community. These precious things are conveyed to the younger generation through personal contact with those who teach, not—or at least not in the main—through textbooks. It is this that primarily constitutes and preserves culture. This is what I have in mind when I recommend the " humanities" as important, not just dry specialized knowledge in the fields of history and philosophy. "Education for Independent Thought" in The New York Times, 5 October 1952. Reprinted in Ideas and Opinions (1954).
【在 w******x 的大作中提到】 : 原话: : It is not enough to teach a man a specialty. Through it he may become a kind : of useful machine but not a harmoniously developed personality. It is : essential that the student acquire an understanding of and a lively feeling : for values. He must acquire a vivid sense of the beautiful and of the : morally good. Otherwise he—with his specialized knowledge—more closely : resembles a well-trained dog than a harmoniously developed person. He must : learn to understand the motives of human beings, their illusions, and their : sufferings in order to acquire a proper relationship to individual fellow- : men and to the community. These precious things are conveyed to the younger