Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - 未名空间MITBBS历史存档

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)# Stock

a*t2014-11-25 08:11

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Definition
By Mayo Clinic Staff
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unreasonable
thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors (
compulsions). It's also possible to have only obsessions or only compulsions
and still have OCD.
With OCD, you may or may not realize that your obsessions aren't reasonable,
and you may try to ignore them or stop them. But that only increases your
distress and anxiety. Ultimately, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts
in an effort to ease your stressful feelings.
OCD often centers around themes, such as a fear of getting contaminated by
germs. To ease your contamination fears, you may compulsively wash your
hands until they're sore and chapped. Despite efforts to ignore or get rid
of bothersome thoughts, the thoughts or urges keep coming back. This leads
to more ritualistic behavior — and a vicious cycle that's characteristic of
OCD.

a*t2014-11-25 08:11

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Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic Staff
Obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms usually include both obsessions and
compulsions. But it's also possible to have only obsession symptoms or only
compulsion symptoms. About one-third of people with OCD also have a disorder
that includes sudden, brief, intermittent movements or sounds (tics).
Obsession symptoms
OCD obsessions are repeated, persistent and unwanted urges or images that
cause distress or anxiety. You might try to get rid of them by performing a
compulsion or ritual. These obsessions typically intrude when you're trying
to think of or do other things.
Obsessions often have themes to them, such as:
Fear of contamination or dirt
Having things orderly and symmetrical
Aggressive or horrific thoughts about harming yourself or others
Unwanted thoughts, including aggression, or sexual or religious subjects
Examples of obsession signs and symptoms include:
Fear of being contaminated by shaking hands or by touching objects
others have touched
Doubts that you've locked the door or turned off the stove
Intense stress when objects aren't orderly or facing a certain way
Images of hurting yourself or someone else
Thoughts about shouting obscenities or acting inappropriately
Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions, such as shaking
hands
Distress about unpleasant sexual images repeating in your mind
Compulsion symptoms
OCD compulsions are repetitive behaviors that you feel driven to perform.
These repetitive behaviors are meant to prevent or reduce anxiety related to
your obsessions or prevent something bad from happening. However, engaging
in the compulsions brings no pleasure and may offer only a temporary relief
from anxiety.
You may also make up rules or rituals to follow that help control your
anxiety when you're having obsessive thoughts. These compulsions are often
not rationally connected to preventing the feared event.
As with obsessions, compulsions typically have themes, such as:
Washing and cleaning
Counting
Checking
Demanding reassurances
Following a strict routine
Orderliness
Examples of compulsion signs and symptoms include:
Hand-washing until your skin becomes raw
Checking doors repeatedly to make sure they're locked
Checking the stove repeatedly to make sure it's off
Counting in certain patterns
Silently repeating a prayer, word or phrase
Arranging your canned goods to face the same way
Symptoms usually begin gradually and tend to vary in severity throughout
your life. Symptoms generally worsen when you're experiencing more stress.
OCD, considered a lifelong disorder, can be so severe and time-consuming
that it becomes disabling.
Most adults recognize that their obsessions and compulsions don't make sense
, but that's not always the case. Children may not understand what's wrong.
When to see a doctor
There's a difference between being a perfectionist and having OCD. OCD
thoughts aren't simply excessive worries about real problems in your life.
Perhaps you keep the floors in your house so clean that you could eat off
them. Or you like your knickknacks arranged just so. That doesn't
necessarily mean that you have OCD.
If your obsessions and compulsions are affecting your quality of life, see
your doctor or mental health provider. People with OCD may be ashamed and
embarrassed about the condition, but treatment can help.

a*t2014-11-25 08:11

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今天活生生的病例学习了一下