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奇文共赏:刘里远博客# WaterWorld - 未名水世界
y*i
1
你以为这是哪一年?2012年2月8号(昨天)刘教授里远的博客。
留心一下后面的留言,大部分都是鼓掌欢呼的。
真的是生物的多样性啊。
http://creato.blog.sohu.com/203011890.html
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最新:朱巨龙先生发表重要评论(详见评论帖),痛批流氓匪首傅德志妖言邪论,颂赞
科学真相,振聋发聩,入木三分!(2012-2-08)
===科学的胜利,才是真正的胜利!===
----是的,我们胜利了!两篇国际水平的英文论文,科学揭示了周照虎为活体虎和
立体虎的真相,无情剥开了年画虎为抄袭周照虎的人工合成怪物虎的丑陋面目。向全世
界宣布,大巴山华南虎没有灭绝,周正龙没有造假!科学的胜利,才是真正的胜利!(
2012-2-08)
本人第二篇虎照研究及野外考察论文已经在国际英文杂志--《生物多样性杂志》
2011年第4期发表(Biodiversity Journal. Decemember, 2011 2(4):161-220)。一
方面,再次提供强有力的证据证明周照虎是活动的和立体的真实老虎,而年画虎是人工
合成的怪物虎;另一方面,报告了本人在大巴山的考察和廖庆生等在神农架的考察,综
合得出结论:大巴山-神农架联合区存在一个野生华南虎小种群,促请政府展开保护项
目。
该文经过多位国际专家审稿和编辑部修改,位列本期杂志第二篇,显示其高度重视
。因为后期修改较多,且以PDF格式进行,故本人并无最终文章的word文件,只有最终
发表的PDF格式论文。以下英文是原稿内容,译文只是部分意译,一些内容直接来自过
去博客内容,请大家参考。
另:该杂志的印刷版为黑白印刷,本文发表未收发表费。
==========正 文============
Evidence of the existence of the wild tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis (
Hilzheimer, 1905) in South China (Mammalia, Felidae)
中国南方存在华南虎(哺乳纲,猫科,豹属,虎种,夏门亚种)(Hilzheimer,1905)的证据
Li-Yuan Liu 刘里远
College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
ABSTRACT 摘要
The wild South China Tigers, with no authenticated sighting more than 25
years, are generally considered functionally extinct. On October 3, 2007, a
villager from Zhenping County in Shaanxi Province of China, claimed to take
a set of photos of a wild tiger in the Daba Mountain. However, the photos
aroused suspicion. Previously, we have published a paper to prove that the
photo tiger is a 3-dimensional, animate object. Here furether analysis found
more interested evidences in the photos to prove the authenticity of the
photo tiger. A short “video” had been recorded in a photo by the digital
camera, in which the tiger was lowering its head and raising its tail while
the photo had been taken. The tiger always turned its head following the
photographer. Special bunches of glisten in the forehead of photo tiger have
been analysed to be formed by the reflected light of camera’s flash from
the eye bottom of the turning eyeball of the tiger. Otherwise, in our
investigation, many collected evidences indicate that there have about 8
tigers living in the Daba Mountain. Also tigers seem to appear frequantly in
the side of Daba Mountain in this year. But the terrible situation is that
these animals have not been protected effectively. The scientific confirming
of the authenticity of the photo tiger will promote a complete conservation
program from government and may save this important subspecies of tiger
from extinction.
摘要(非直译,后同): 周正龙拍到的野生华南虎照片,受到怀疑。此前,我们发
表了一篇文章,证实照片虎是三维活体对象。进一步的研究发现了更加令人感兴趣的证
据,证明照片虎的真实性。在一张数码照片中(31号),记录到了一个短的“视频”,
拍照过程中,老虎正低头甩尾,全过程被记录下来,活灵活现。拍摄过程中,拍摄者在
左右两个机位中移动,老虎一直转头跟随着拍摄者,因此,照片中老虎看起来一直盯着
相机,实则是老虎头部的左右转动。分析表明,照片中老虎额头部的特殊光斑串,来自
于转动着的眼球底部对闪光灯的反光,是活体虎的决定性特征。此外,在我们的野外考
察中,收集到的许多证据表明,大巴山地区大约有8只野生老虎。2011年里,目击报告
显示老虎频繁出没在在大巴山的邻近地区――神农架。但是,糟糕的是,这些动物并没
有得到有效的保护。对照片虎真实性的科学确认,将促进政府实施保护项目,有可能挽
救这个重要的虎亚种,以免灭绝。
Key Words: Wild South China tiger, Photo tiger, Authenticity, Footprint,
Claw
INTRODUCTION
The International Tiger Conservation Forum (also known as the “Tiger
Summit”) on November 23, 2010 signed the St. Petersburg Declaration on
Tiger Conservation to save wild tigers from extinction (John, 2010). The
South China tiger, Panthera tigris amoyensis, was estimated to number 4,000
individuals in the early 1950s. Approximately 3,000 tigers were killed over
30 years as the subspecies was officially hunted as a pest. The animals have
not authenticated sighting more than 25 years and have been listed as one
of the world's 10 most endangered animals.
In October 12, 2007, an excellent hunter, Mr. Zheng-Long Zhou, had
published a set of photographs of a young South China tiger that he claimed
to have risked his life taken in the Daba Mountain in October 3rd, 2007,
after more than one month search in the forest (Science editor, 2007a). The
Daba Mountain in Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province of China is the native
habitat of south China tiger. But a controversy over the authenticity of
photograph aroused. A month later, a tiger picture poster appeared in the
public domain and the manufacturer claimed that it is a six-year-old product
(Science editor, 2007b). Many people believed that the tiger photo was
copied from the poster tiger. The authorities had announced that the photos
were copied from the poster tiger, and the photographer himself has been
arrested for fraud (Science editor, 2008). But many people also believe that
Zhou have found the evidence of live South China Tiger. The controversy
over the authenticity of photographs has been ongoing for over three years
in China.
Previously, we have published a paper to prove that the photo tiger is a
3-dimensional, animate object and the poster tiger is a forged artificial
monster (Liu, 2010). Here furether analysis found more interested evidences
to prove the authenticity of the photo tiger. Otherwise, we have collected
many eyewitnesses of the tiger, some preying scenes supposed to be remained
by the tiger, and a lot of footprints and scrached traces of claws that only
can be formed by the tiger. Recently, evidences indicate that tigers
appeared in the side of Daba Mountain, Shenlongjia.
MATERIALS
Mr. Zhou had taken 40 photos by a digital camera (Canon 400D) and 31
photos by a film camera. But most of the photos were poorly focused with
very small object and only about 10 digital photos can be used for well
analysis. In the Investigation of the scene of Zhou took the photos, he hid
himself behind a large stone 9.4 m away from the tiger, where is about 1,
800m at sea level. The tiger picture poster was obtained from the
manufacturer.
The investigation include to visit the eyewitness of tiger and look for
the traces remained by the tiger. A local officer provided some photos
involving preying scenes and footprints. An exploratory team of Shenlongjia
provided data about footprints and hairs.
RESULTS
1. Analysis of the authenticity of the photo tiger
1.1 A short “video” recorded in a digital photo
Doubts on the authenticity of photo tiger have been expressed that, the
tiger is always lying there without movement----something not expected from
an animate object. Zhou stated that the tiger ever raised or lowered its
head and erected its ear while he took the photos. Fortunately, the movement
had been recorded in the No. 31 photo (Fig.1). Because the image in the
digital camera is formed by repeatedly read the data from the CCD (or CMOS),
thus the movement of object will be recorded as discontinuous shadows.
Comparing the No. 31 photo to the clearest No. 29 photo, the tree branches
and the leaves beside the tiger and the strips on the hip and hindlimb of
the tiger is highly identical and still, without obvious movement or double
shadow. In the No. 29 photo, the tail locates immediately behind the
hindlimb. But in the No. 31 photo, the tail of the tiger had departed from
the hindlimb and a very light tail shadow appeared between the hindlimb and
the clear tail image, thus a double tail in the photo. Amazedly, there have
one more strip under the right ear of the tiger, which is the double shadow
of right eyebrow and there has a big distance between the two shadows. Also
there have a double shadow of pupils in the eyes, and the upper eyelids have
been broken. All these indicate that the eyes as well as the eyebrows of
the tiger had been moved from the upper right to lower left during took the
No. 31 photo. Comparing to the No. 6 photo, in the No. 31 photo the strips
in the left face have been changed prominently. The fine, curved strips in
the left face of the No. 6 photo have become a thick bar in the No. 31 photo
, which is also the result of movement of head. Therefore, the No.31 photo
have recorded the moving process of head of the lying tiger, which is a
short “video” or “ flash” proving that the tiger in Zhou’s photos are
alive object, but not a paper tiger.
31号虎照,一段动态的视频
照相和录相当然是不同的,前者是静态、瞬间画面,后者是动态、持续画面。可是
,二者又是相同的,都是记录图像,都有个时间过程,差别只在于时间长短。录相有持
续数秒的,照相也有持续数分钟的。当拍摄对象正在运动时,照相记录下来其实就是运
动过程。比如,夜晚拍流星雨,拍出来都是一条条的运动轨迹。尽管我专门论述过了,
周正龙得等老虎静止下来、“摆好POSE"才拍照,但是,意外总会有的。不说不听话的
老虎,连人有时也会这样,正按下快门,动了,照片模糊了。模糊照片虽然看起来不清
楚,但却记录了运动的过程,这对于一直怀疑周老虎“一动不动”的打虎派而言,至关
重要。我就不信,周正龙拍那么多照片会碰不上这种意外情况。当然,周碰到了,那就
是31号照片。
31号照片我们是很熟悉的,因为我最先发现了这张照片中显示老虎的尾巴翘起来了
。当时也注意到尾巴的与大腿之间还有些黑色的虎纹痕迹,认为那是由于尾巴正在翘起
时正好拍了照片,所以,出现双影。
再次注意31照片还是因为想看到老虎的左脸,如前所述,只有6号和31号的左脸相
对暴露充分。31号的左脸让我大吃一惊:左面颊上有一条很长的斜行黑色粗大虎纹,哪
里也没有见过的!6号的月牙铲纹也看不见!显然,31号照片的头部很模糊,这肯定是
模糊的原因造成的。仔细对比分析,那条长纹相当于右侧面部的F纹的上面一横与右侧
三条平行纹中最外侧一条下面的一个“头部”融合而成。再看那老虎的右耳下面,赫然
多出了一条黑色虎纹,清清楚楚摆在那里,不可忽略。当然,那些进行虎纹拓扑学对比
的专家们,肯定没有看到这条虎纹的,否则,就不是那个百分比了。还有那眼睛,真是
怪得离谱,眼脸断裂错位,眼睛中有一对瞳孔。
顾玉树律师到监狱会见周正龙时,周正龙还指着一些虎照说,那老虎低头了或抬头
了,在场的人都信以为然,因此,我一直想找周正龙指的照片。过去靠两张照片重合对
比来判断头部运动,由于最大程度重合的处理,必然丧失一些真正运动的信息,所以,
结果并不理想。看到31号奇异的虎纹和眼睛,我立即来了兴趣,这是运动造成的吧?或
者是相机抖动造成的?
31 号与29号照片的局部对比,从那些标记的树枝和树叶都可以看出,二者是的形状是
高度相似,并没有出现双影或变形。这充分表明,在拍31照片时,相机并没有抖动!
31号与29号的老虎躯干后部对比,可以看到,两张照片中,臀部典型的Y字纹是基本一
样的,后腿上的两条横纹也没有差别。这些同样证明相机没有抖动。 当相机没有抖动
,那么,31号虎照的尾巴的运动和头部的模糊就必然是静止身体上的局部运动了,那些
拉长的和多出的虎纹、畸变的眼睛,就是老虎自身运动造成的了。
老虎右耳下面的虎纹肯定是多出的,不是自然的。这多出的虎纹跟老虎的眉头纹理
颇为相似,显然,这是老虎头部斜向运动造成的双影,其中间还有淡淡的拉影。
这里必须先讲一下数码相机的“成像过程”,胶卷的感光过程是感光颗粒的光化学
反应过程,在整个曝光过程中,反应是连续不断的,因此,运动物体的整个运动轨迹都
会完整记录下来。而数码相机的感光是光学原件(CCD或CMOS),并没有胶卷的化学反
应过程。其曝光时间代表相机MPU(微处理器)从CCD上读取光学数据的时间。其“阅读
”过程首先得分颜色,按三色原理或更多色,依次读取各种色彩的数据。其次,一次只
能读一点的数据,读完整个CCD感光面全部像素,得按一定的顺序进行,从左到右、从
上到下的遂行扫描式阅读并不实用,往往采用分块、分散阅读的方法,比如,先在整个
CCD读取一部分数据,构成一个粗略的像,再读剩下的数据,补充原来的像素。然后,
反复阅读各点的数据,以强化原来的数据。这些都是我根据基本原理推测出来的厂家处
理技术方法,不一定全对,但说明一个问题,数码相机记录到的动态过程是不连续的,
是间断性和分散性的。网友大山魂先生用佳能400D拍出过一个猫头两张猫嘴,把一条弹
动的橡皮筋拍成两条像皮筋,这都是这种原理的反应。
基于以上原理,就可以对图4中标记的变化进行正确的理解。
31号老虎右侧的眉纹一个在左上,一个在右下,中间只有很淡的拉影。我判断,老
虎的头原来在左上位置,当按下快门时,向右下移动。当开始读数时,那黑色的虎纹留
在了最先的位置,当再读数据时,老虎的头已经右下移动了,眉纹已经到了我们看到的
正常位置了。由于左侧面部的虎纹是斜的,与虎头运动方向一致,右下移动的结果就是
一条拉长的虎纹,并与本来就靠得很近的颈部虎纹的那个“头部”融合了。同样地,在
尾部,先记录下了尾巴紧靠大腿后面时的黑色纹理,最后记录了全部的正常尾巴数据。
再来看眼睛,老虎右眼的瞳孔拉成一条链,而左眼明显有两个瞳孔。右眼的下眼睑
“插”入到眼角黑纹的外侧,并被明显拉长,这由于斜行的眼睑与虎头运动方向一致,
所以形成一条相当清晰的下眼睑,黑色的眼角纹也向右下移动,因此,它跑到了原眼睑
上端的内侧来了。右眼睑上形成一个“断裂”,这必定是由于相机MPU阅读CCD数据的不
均匀和不连续造成的,也是不同部分色彩叠加的紊乱结果。左眼的内上方产了一个“缺
乏”眼睑的“缺口”,也是同样的原因造成的。右眼的下眼睑显著扩张,是由于平行下
移的结果。而老虎左侧吻部(长胡须和触毛的地方)的那两条虎纹变化并不明显或有些
拉长。注意,眉纹的位移距离很大,而瞳孔的位移则小些,这说明,这个低头的动作,
并不是头的简单的右下移动,还要复杂得多。事实上,所谓低头是头部绕着颈椎轴点的
转动,面部各器官相对轴心的位置不同,其运动结果当然也不一样。
老虎的尾巴和头部一起动,多自然的事情,这就是照相机记录下的老虎运动过程。
或者,是老周指认的老虎低头(或抬头)过程。
一张昨看起来很糟糕的照片,用正确的思维方法去观看时,竟然是一幅活生生的老
虎低头运动图。在一张照片上,记录下头部运动的整个过程和轨迹,太绝妙了!人们希
望看到的只有摄相机才能拍到的老虎动态效果,竟然保存在31号照片中,简直是奇迹啊
!天不负正龙,照片自会说话,这由不得我不独自鼓掌欢呼。昨天下午,在刚看到这些
效果的时候,我不由自主地鼓了掌。随之还得按严格的科学方法办,这是相机抖动造成
的吗?先通过老虎臀部虎纹对比,可以确定不是相机抖动造成的。还是不够踏实,于是
决定离老虎,去找本来就不动的线性植物做对比。当与最清晰的29照片的对比中,明确
那些完全一样的树枝和树叶时,我心满意足,站起来,去客厅喝咖啡。走着的进候,还
是不自由自主地再次鼓掌了。
田径100米的成绩都可小于10秒,则人每秒可以跑10米!31号照片的曝光时间是1/
40秒,如果老虎以人同样的速度低头,则1/40秒内可运动25cm(10×100×1/40)。假设
老虎的眉纹厚1.5cm,其下行距离约两个眉纹距离,等于3cm,显然,在可运动的25cm的
范围内运动3cm,是绰绰有余!运动速度再慢些,也完全可以,再快些,也可以理解。
毕竟老虎的运动速度远在人之上,而头的运动速度远比肢体快。

Figure 1 A “video” version of the photo tiger in the No. 31 photo,
comparing to the No. 6 and No. 29 photo. The blue arrows indicate the still
object; the white, red and yellow arrows represent the moving tail, eyebrow,
eye pupil and face strip of the tiger respectively
31号与29号虎照局部对比,二者的臀部和后腿上的纹理形状是一样的,没有拉长或扭曲
,表明这些部位在拍照是静止的,相机也没有抖动。因此,黄色箭头指示双影的眉纹、
双影的瞳孔、拉长错位的下眼睑和断裂的上眼睑等纹理变化就必然是局部运动的结果。
1.2 A “video” of movement of eyeball in two photos
The camera’s flash went off in No. 9 digital photo and No. 31A film
photo. The most curious thing in the Zhou’s photos is the bunch of light
discs on the forehead of the tiger in these two photos (Fig. 2). In both
photos, the brightest light disc is the one on the left eye of the tiger,
which seem to overlap on the eye pupil and can be regarded as the first
light disc. In the No. 9 photo, there have two bunches of light discs, with
a horseshoe-like shadow in the circle. In the No. 31A film photo, there are
three bunches of light discs and the diameter of the later light discs are
reduced gradually. These light discs have puzzled us for long time.
Apparently, they are not reflected light of camera’s flash from a picture
or a paper, because all of them have regular shape and the overlapped light
discs indicate that they were formed according to a time sequence but did
not occur simultaneously as the natural glisten. They should be related to
the eye because they seem to begin from the eye and overlap with the eye
pupil at start. We are familiar with the bright glisten of eye of felid in
the night. But here the glisten are bunches of light discs.
How to form these curious light discs? Many hypotheses have been assumed
and given up. The final answer comes from the 100m-sprint in the Olympic
game, in which the top speed is smaller than 10 S. It so surprise me that
the athlete can run 10m in one second. The flash of camera general continue
for 1/1000 S, in which duration the athlete can run 1cm. If the tiger’s
eyeball also turn fast while the camera’s flash is working, there must form
a moving track of the glisten of eye bottom. A moving distance of one
centimeter is too big for the tiger’s eye. One millimeter, even more small
distance, is enough for the eye to produce a track of moving glisten in the
camera 9 m away. Because of the mechanism of the image-forming in the
digital camera, the continuous movement of glisten becomes a serial of
discontinuous light discs. The image in the film camera is formed by
chemical reaction, and then the track of movement of glisten is relatively
continuous.
It is can be regarded that the sensitive eye of the wild tiger had been
stimulated by the strong gleam and the eyeball dindled as a reflex. The
different way of dindle resulted different direction of moving light tracks,
which is just the bunch of light discs in the Zhou’s photos. In the No. 9
photo, the right eye had been covered by a leaf, and then the two bunches of
light discs formed only by the left eye. As if the eyeball began to move to
the upper left and formed 4 discs, then moved down and back and formed the
horizontal bunch of another 4 overlapped discs. Similar movement happened in
the left eye in the No. 31A film photo, but as if the pupil had contracted
during the movement and then the diameter of the light discs became smaller
gradually. The one bunch of light track above the right eye should be formed
by the moving glisten of right eye, because this eye also exposed to the
camera, not as the right eye in the No. 9 photo.
This is the only reasonable explain up to now, which indicate the photo
tiger having true eyes that can reflect the light from the eye bottom. Thus,
this is one more “video” or “flash” recorded in one photo by the camera
. This is a new and special phenomenon in the photography of animals, and
may be the photo tiger is a special tiger that the strong flash can cause
the fast dindle of the eyeball.
闪光灯下的老虎额部光斑之谜
我一直回避的9号闪光灯之谜,是面对的时候了。
9号照片打开了闪光灯,奇怪的是在老虎的眼额部出现一串串光斑,以前虽然做过
许多研究,但一直悬而未决。因为数码照片和胶卷照片都在相同的部位出现了相似的闪
光灯斑,这决定了那是特定部位的特定反应,对于侧身而卧的老虎,这光斑明显有个起
点,从“正对”镜头的左眼角开始,因此,必然与眼睛有关。我曾经否认过那是眼睛的
反光,因为那么多的光斑,无法解释清楚。武汉大学的一位老师研究表明,那斑与阳光
透过树叶间隙产生的光斑或光圈很相似,但始终无法说明这闪光灯的光线如何从那样一
些间隙反射回来,并且与老虎的眼额部重叠。警方说那是纸板反光的证据,谁都知道,
纸板反光是散射光,绝不可能是规则的圆形光斑,更不可能只出现在眼额那么局限的部
位。这种明目张胆的指控,欲加之罪,真是欺人太甚。当然,只要智商优越的打虎派不
去骂娘, 那就是真相了。这里得到一条关于判断真相的新标准--谩骂与否。昨天在
评论中说过,我现在敢于面对虎照中的任何一个细节了,今天上午就立刻得到那闪光灯
光斑的科学真相了。
为了确认老虎在拍照期间运动的可能性,我查了31号的曝光时间,按田径100米的成
绩计算,吓了一大跳:一秒竟然可以跑出10米!这相当于老虎从卧着的位置出发,“滴
答”一下,老虎就冲到周正龙面前了。实际上老虎可能跑得更快,太惊人了!闪光灯的
闪光持续时间在1/1000秒左右,当计算出1/40秒可以运动25cm后,那么,1/1000秒也可
运动1cm!这个太重要了。
曾经有人说过,老虎要在1/1000运动,让眼睛的反光移动那么长的距离,会折断脖
子的。我当然认同,其实,打虎派的一些说法并非没有道理,甚至是完全有道理的。问
题在于,他们的思维层次总是处于声称是常识,其实是低于常识的水平或反常识的地位
,这些东西确实误了导我们这些挺虎人士的思维,因为信以为真就没有向前深入了。
无论在数码照片还是在胶卷照片,除了重叠的光斑外,老虎的头部并没有可以判断
的移动,这个事实是清楚的。人对闪光灯的反应往往是眨眼,那么老虎呢?作为常识,
猫科动物的眼睛对光极其敏感,可以在夜晚通过放大瞳孔,把夜幕下的东西看得清清楚
楚。当老虎的眼睛突然面对强大的闪光刺激时,必然做出特别的反应:刺激-反射。我
认为,闪光灯刺激虎眼,导致眼球剧烈振颤。光线通过缩小的瞳孔进入眼底,再反射回
来,就形成一个光斑,当虎眼颤动时,光斑的位置也随着改变。如虎眼向一个方向运动
,就会出现一串光斑;向另一个方向运动,会出另一串光斑。
这个猜想面对的三个问题是:
1. 虎眼是否可能在极短的内发生颤动,特别是包括几个方向的颤动。如前所述,按
人的百米速度,老虎的眼睛在千分之一秒时间内可以运动1cm。1cm,这个距离对于老虎
的眼球而言实在太大了,1mm就足够了,甚至0.1mm也够了。在9米之外,只需要老虎的
眼球微微一动就足够让眼底反光的光斑偏移很大一段距离了。这么“充分”的时间,老
虎的眼球在不同方向的两次颤动,是完全可能的。由于控制眼球运动的肌肉分布于眼球
四个侧面,只要两个侧面的肌肉收缩启动的速度不同,就可以导致两个方向的颤动了。
因此,老虎面对闪光灯发生眼球颤动是完全可能的。这里面还有一个问题是:从接受刺
激到反应有个潜伏期,这个潜伏期如果大于闪光持续时间的话,眼球的反应过程就不可
能记录到。这个需要找点资料,估计问题不大。
2. 即使眼球在闪光灯持续闪光期间发生颤动了,那么,相机能否记录下来呢?要记
录千分之一秒的变化,照相机需要重复几次读数。我手上的相机快门都可达到1/6400秒
,显然,这不会有任何问题,相机的MPU足够N遍采样了。再说,电子元件对闪光这样的
强烈刺激,其电平会有一个延后期,因此,相机眼球颤动的反光反应记录下来,是没有
问题的。
3. 作为结果, 那些光斑是否反应出眼球颤动和位移的变化特征来。9米之外的普通
闪光灯光线,如果远处没有强的反光面,根本不可能反射回来,产生显著的明亮光斑。
而眼底,特别是猫科动物的眼底具有很强的反光作用,因此,就像照相时产生红眼效应
一样,可以将闪光灯的光线大量反射回来,产生一个圆形的光斑。
在数码9号照片中最亮的、也是最完整的光斑出现左眼角,与瞳孔的位置稍有偏移
,应该是第一个反光斑。射入瞳孔的光线反射回来的位置决定于眼底的形状或反光面的
角度。从老虎的体位看,闪光线光线进入方向偏右一些,因此,照射到眼底左侧的光反
射回来可能也偏右一些。就是说,第一次反光的光斑与瞳孔不重叠是可能的。接下来,
由于眼球的方向改变,入射光照射到眼底的侧面,因此,反射光偏离瞳孔会更大一些。
由于数码相机的断续采样读数原理,间断取样得到的就是一系列的光斑。这些光斑多数
相互重叠,少数不重叠,这决定于相机取样的时间以及眼球颤动的速度。我们注意到,
在每个光斑中都一个些阴影,这些阴影的形状呈不规则的半环状,可能代表眼底的某些
结构特征,这尚需研究。从那些光斑的明暗度可以大致认为:老虎的眼球先向上移动,
产生第二个光斑,再向右上移动,产生第三个光斑。后然迅速回跳下降后向左移动,连
续产生四个光斑。由于老虎右眼被树叶遮挡,所以,没有看到相应的反光光斑。
胶卷照片31A号的光班移动轨迹与数码相机大致相同,但是,大小和幅度明显不一
样。第一个光斑很大,随后向上的光斑明显减小,向下回跳后更是逐减小,在再次上移
后似乎又再次增大。这种大小的改变,可能是瞳孔的大小变化产生的。注意,这里几乎
区分不出像9号数码照片那样的重叠光斑,而是相对连续的轨迹,这正是胶卷底片的连
续感光原理的结果, 同时也强有力地证明,那些光斑是一个动态的移动过程,有一个
光源,而不是各处分别产生的光斑的叠加。这个光源就是眼底的反光,通过瞳孔反射回
来,投射到镜头上。另外,胶卷照片的光斑中有一些特别明显的点,由于同样明亮的点
也发生在老虎的背上方和左侧方,可能系别的原因导致的干扰,这里不作进一步讨论。
另外,可以看到,老虎的右眼周围也有淡淡的光斑,这个淡的光斑一直向上达到额顶。
因此,31A胶卷照片中的左侧光斑可能是老虎右眼独立产生的,由于角度的关系,没有
左眼那么深。
总之,分别发生的数码9号照和胶卷31A号照片的眼额部光斑,从老虎左眼角开始,
产生多向的、连续的运动轨迹,正是代表活体老虎眼底反光和老虎眼球受强光刺激发生
颤动的结果,是活体虎和活动虎的重要证明。 当然,如果有类似的实验来验证一下就
好了。(注:最近的实验已经证明这种现象!)
Figure 2 The glisten in the forehead of the photo tiger in a digital
photo of No. 9 and a film photo of No. 31A. In both the camera’s flash went
off. The inset shows the horseshoe-like shadow more clearly.
9号数码闪光灯照片,示眼额部的光斑。窗图示经对比度处理后,显示光斑中的奇怪阴
影。按明暗顺序,光斑或老虎眼球的移动轨迹为:向上,向右上,向下,向左。
31A号胶卷闪光灯照片,示眼额部的光斑。 按光斑明暗及大小,光斑或老虎眼球的移动
轨迹与9号数码照片相同。
1.3 The tiger turned its head following the photographer
The journalist ever asked the photographer Zhou: why the tiger gazed at
the camera in all photos? Zhou answered: the tiger was staring him all the
time while he took the photo. The photos had been taken in two camera
positions (Fig. 3). One is the first camera position at the left slide, just
behind a large stone, where some larger and clearer tiger photos had been
taken. The tiger taken from this position is lateral right posture (Fig. 1
No. 29 and 31). In the No. 29 photo, the tiger gazed at the camera with
frontal face and the midline of tiger face point to the left side or the
first camera position. The second camera position is at the right side and
back away from the first camera position about 2-5 m, in where only the
tiger head had been taken in the photo. The tiger head in a few photos taken
nearer the tiger are relative large and clear as the No. 35 photo. In other
photos taken far away from the tiger are very small and blur, but the
outline of the tiger face can be differentiated as the No. 18 photo. In
these photos, for instance the No. 18 and No. 35, we can see the tiger’
face is dead against the camera and the midline of tiger face point to the
lower right side or the second camera position. Therefore, the tiger must
turn its head left and right to stare the photographer as Zhou stated. The
angle between the two camera positions is about 30 degree. Surely, it is an
alive tiger there. Note, the eye pupils in the No 29 and No 35 are quite
different in position and shape as being described in the previous paper (
Liu, 2010).
两个机位间,老虎的转头盯人动作
周正龙面对记者们质疑为什么打虎一直盯着他不动的问题,说得非常清晰:“它卧
在那里,我动,它的眼睛也是一直盯着我的。” 这里验证了周正龙所言的真实性:老
虎真的一直盯着他吗?。
大家看到的,也是看得比较清楚的照片,都是周正龙扒在大石坎后面拍的,称为第
一机位(左前机位)或1号机位,左右移动很小,因此不可能看出什么盯人的变化来。
在拍第14-20号照片时,周正龙右移后退,正对那个小道,靠近右边的石壁,称为第二
机位(右后机位)或2号机位。如果老虎继续还要盯着周正龙,那就得转头,从左边的
大石坎中间到右边的石壁处,至少需要30度转角吧。为此,我不得不在14-20号那些超
级模糊的照片中寻找线索,还好,虽然细节没有了,但面部轮廓还是看得出来的。其中
,18号照片最为“理想”,可以清晰地看到,老虎的面部正好正面面对着那小道和在石
壁旁的拍摄者,经过老虎面部正中的中线指向石壁。作为对照,最清晰的29号照片中可
以看到,老虎瞪着眼晴盯着位于大石坎中间处的镜头,面部中央线也指向大石坎处。后
来确认,相当清楚的35号照片,也是在第二机位拍摄的,其面部正中线,同样指向第二
机位处。因此,在左前和右后两个机位中,老虎的头确实跟着镜头在转动,很大的转动
,转过头来一直盯着周正龙。因此,那些专家们看到的“不动”只是其中一个机位,而
根本没有用心去分析不同机位的动作。
Figure 3 Different camera positions resulted in same frontal face and
staring eye of the photo tiger, illustrated with the full scene of No. 18
photo. The midline of tiger face points to the lower left in the No. 29 and
to the lower right in the No. 18 and No. 35.
18号和35号虎照中,通过老虎面部中央的中线指向过道和石壁,老虎正面面面对拍摄者
。注意,左侧是大石坎,如果老虎要盯着那石坎左边的拍摄者,需要向左明显转头。
29号虎照中,通过老虎面部中央的中线指向大石坎处,老虎双眼瞪着镜头。注意,如果
老虎要面对右侧的小道,则需要向右转头约30度
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分享 | 评论 (22) | 阅读 (259) | 固定链接 | 发表于 16:28 | 最后修改于
2012-02-08 11:24
评论 想第一时间抢沙发么?
有吗?但愿有。。
发布者 大海微澜http://dahaiweilan369.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 03:55回复
很好,精彩! 说明国际上认可周正龙拍的虎照是活体的老虎。 伪虎门的年画虎就根本
不值一提,年画虎本身就是PS周虎照的产物。
发布者 e518http://xzj04772.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 06:25回复
傅二就是要把造假年画虎和周虎照掺合在一起,把这缸水搅混,这是傅二的计谋。
发布者 e518http://xzj04772.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 06:28回复
我早就说过了,谁要说周正龙造假,那谁就要举证! ------现在的虎傻子把质疑当成
“证据”,哈哈,,
发布者 e518http://xzj04772.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 06:32回复
非常好!打虎派至今也没有一篇像样的学术评论文章,真相终将大白于天下!
发布者 山海行http://blog.sohu.com/people/!bHFzMTM5MTA1QHNvaHUuY29t
02月07日 11:29回复
傅二发表了如下短评,遭到朱巨龙先生的痛斥: “短评:刘里远博文介绍中提到40张
数码照片中“我一直回避的9号闪光灯之谜,...正是代表活体老虎眼底反光和老虎眼球
受强光刺激发生颤动的结果,是活体虎和活动虎的重要证明。”刘里远却没提周老虎还
有30张胶片照片中第7张也是闪过光的。无论数码还是胶片哪个先闪光,老虎眼睛第一
次受强光刺激后咋就不跑或不吃人捏?
发布者 南山老师0http://creato.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 23:20回复
续前: 当然,刘里远更没提到美国《SCIENCE(科学)》实名引用本人提出周老虎照片造
假的“虎叶比例不合”证据。我的证据很简单直接证明周老虎的个体也就巴掌大小,是
不是会动会翻跟头会竖蜻蜓都没关系。推翻我的证据更简单,拿真虎大小模型在真实叶
片环境中拍摄出来周老虎照片效果(意思意思就行)公布出来就算你们赢!” 点评:
可笑的是刘里远先生的论文发表后,中科院“流氓科学家”傅德志竟然又死皮赖脸地发
出这样一个评论。 待续
发布者 南山老师0http://creato.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 23:21回复
续前 “老虎眼睛第一次受强光刺激后咋就不跑或不吃人捏?” 傅德志,老虎眼睛受到
10米开外照相机瞬间闪光的影响就会跑、就会去吃人?“本人提出周老虎照片造假的“
虎叶比例不合”证据。我的证据很简单直接证明周老虎的个体也就巴掌大小,” 所谓
的“虎叶比理论”早已被无数专家和无数事实驳斥得体无完肤了。傅德志,屎壳郎打哈
欠,你怎么还张得开那张臭嘴?“ 待续
发布者 南山老师0http://creato.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 23:23回复
续前: ?“是不是会动会翻跟头会竖蜻蜓都没关系。”老虎会动、会翻跟头、会竖蜻
蜓,就说明周正龙拍到的是一只活老虎,这跟你傅德志没有关系? “推翻我的证据更
简单,拿真虎大小模型在真实叶片环境中拍摄出来周老虎照片效果(意思意思就行)公
布出来就算你们赢!”傅德志,谁赢谁输由不得你!这种脑残小儿科的把戏,你已经做
过,不妨再去做做! 待续
发布者 南山老师0http://creato.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 23:24回复
续前: 刘里远先生论文的发表,是国际权威学者、权威机构对他长期以来锲而不舍、
孜孜以求、精益求精工作的认可,是他为北京师范大学和中国科学家赢得的荣誉,可喜
可贺! 科学的胜利,才是真正的胜利 !
发布者 南山老师0http://creato.blog.sohu.com/
02月07日 23:24回复
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