没看明白你想反驳什么? 你自己给出的这篇文章里面,在使用多种综合measurement之后,Utah的depression率是全国最高的(数字51);自杀率也名列前茅(数字45)。你该不会是误认为这个数字是ranking了吧? 这是你给出的文章中的原话: Utah was the most depressed state. Among adults in Utah, 10.14 percent experienced a depressive episode in the past year and 14.58 percent experienced serious psychological distress. Among adolescents in Utah, 10.14 experienced a major depressive episode in the past year. Individuals in Utah reported having on average 3.27 poor mental health days in the past 30 days. 数字就是数字。事实就是事实。跟口号无关。
【在 s****y 的大作中提到】 : 没看明白你想反驳什么? : 你自己给出的这篇文章里面,在使用多种综合measurement之后,Utah的depression率是全国最高的(数字51);自杀率也名列前茅(数字45)。你该不会是误认为这个数字是ranking了吧? : 这是你给出的文章中的原话: : Utah was the most depressed state. Among adults in Utah, 10.14 percent : experienced a depressive episode in the past year and 14.58 percent : experienced serious psychological distress. Among adolescents in Utah, 10.14 experienced a major depressive episode in the past year. Individuals in Utah reported having on average 3.27 poor mental health days in the past 30 days. : 数字就是数字。事实就是事实。跟口号无关。 : : 统: 治,以及神赐给的永生。 : 灾: 的时刻谁先到场的?
每个州当然都有忧郁症,这不是常识么?之所以把Utah单独列出来,乃是因为它是个特殊的州,因为摩门教人口占到2/3。而且这个州的居民的depression率全国最高、自杀率也在最高的前几名,这的确是事实啊。 没有人在说摩门教与忧郁症/自杀率是cause and effect,但这两个因素是 correlational的。
who said this?----coask:)))...nonetheless, it is the mindset of many including many PIs and reviewers...I could RT-PCR out many so-called differentiated/non expressed genes in my cells...I don't think it is a big deal but some think it is wrong/not pretty:))...but the reality is PCR is sensitive, if the primers/PCR are very effective, you probably can get a band with anything:)). theoretically a single copy of mRNA shall be able to produce a band, that could be even produced by a chromatin breat
【在 a***e 的大作中提到】 : 应该在differentiation时才表达的2个gene??????????????????????? : who said this?
你引用的这篇是纯医学文章,根本没提到宗教。你不能用它来反证宗教就与之无关。 你如果想查摩门教与depression的关系,这方面有专门研究的。说实话,心理学方面这 种论文一搜一大堆。 Bauer, Leslie E. 1992. Depression and repression among Mormon women. Dissertation. California State University, Fresno. Hilton, Sterling C, et al. 2002. Suicide Rates and Religious Commitment in Young Adult Males in Utah. American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 155, No. 5 Maxwell, Jeanmarie. 1992. Mormon women and depression. Thesis. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Norton, Maria C, et al. 2006. Gender Difference in the Association Between Religion Involvement and Depression: The Cache County (Utah) Study. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. Vol 61B, No 3: 129-136. Overton, Jared L. Latter-day Saints and Mental Health: A Review of the Literature, 1995-2005. Dissertation. Azusa Pacific University. Spendlove, David C. 1982. Depression in Mormon Women. Dissertation. University of Utah. Spendlove, David C., et al. 1984. Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Depression in Mormon Women. Social Science and Medicine. Vol 18, No 6: 491- 495.
b*s
35 楼
the growth medium is same.. recipe都一样.. 莫非serum或L-Glu浓度过高也会让细胞differentiation么?
of
【在 s******y 的大作中提到】 : Did your lab change serum lately? : In many occasions, the growth factor could lead to abnormal expression of : genes
Even serum from the same company, if from different batch, could be different. If you really want to get to the bottom of this problem, dig out some old medium or ask the company for an old lot of the serum to test it again. Yes, definitely. The growth factors in serum will have differentiation effect on some cell lines.
【在 b****s 的大作中提到】 : the growth medium is same.. : recipe都一样.. : 莫非serum或L-Glu浓度过高也会让细胞differentiation么? : : of
【在 s******y 的大作中提到】 : : Even serum from the same company, if from different batch, could be : different. : If you really want to get to the bottom of this problem, dig out some old : medium or ask the company for an old lot of the serum to test it again. : Yes, definitely. The growth factors in serum will have differentiation : effect on some cell lines.
率是全国最高的(数字51);自杀率也名列前茅(数字45)。你该不会是误认为这个数 字是ranking了吧? .14 experienced a major depressive episode in the past year. Individuals in Utah reported having on average 3.27 poor mental health days in the past 30 days.
【在 s****y 的大作中提到】 : 没看明白你想反驳什么? : 你自己给出的这篇文章里面,在使用多种综合measurement之后,Utah的depression率是全国最高的(数字51);自杀率也名列前茅(数字45)。你该不会是误认为这个数字是ranking了吧? : 这是你给出的文章中的原话: : Utah was the most depressed state. Among adults in Utah, 10.14 percent : experienced a depressive episode in the past year and 14.58 percent : experienced serious psychological distress. Among adolescents in Utah, 10.14 experienced a major depressive episode in the past year. Individuals in Utah reported having on average 3.27 poor mental health days in the past 30 days. : 数字就是数字。事实就是事实。跟口号无关。 : : 统: 治,以及神赐给的永生。 : 灾: 的时刻谁先到场的?
s*y
46 楼
Your new serum is definitely suspicious then! Call the company and ask them to send you an old batch, or ask around for other labs to see if they have the old batch. Or, order serum from a different company By the way, don't take things too granted. "真的进入differentiation,细胞在数量上应该不会增值才对吧" is not theoretically or practically correct For example, if your cells differentiated from stem cell into fibroblast, or from stem cell into some kind of progenitor cells, the differentiated cells surely will rep
Thanks..i'll check the serum. but it's not stem cells..i still feel the fact of doubling is conflict to differentiation..
for fibroblast, or
【在 s******y 的大作中提到】 : Your new serum is definitely suspicious then! : Call the company and ask them to send you an old batch, or ask around for : other labs to see if they have the old batch. : Or, order serum from a different company : By the way, don't take things too granted. : "真的进入differentiation,细胞在数量上应该不会增值才对吧" is not : theoretically or practically correct : For example, if your cells differentiated from stem cell into fibroblast, or : from stem cell into some kind of progenitor cells, : the differentiated cells surely will rep
我来说两句吧,这个脑健康网站的数据说的是个相关性的数据,相关性的数据不能用来 证明因果性。就是说不能只用它来说明因为摩门教的教导导致了抑郁症的增加。Sparty 列出的文献是研究摩门教信仰是不是跟抑郁症有关的。但是具体结论好像还不是统一的 结论。比如这篇文章并没有把摩门的信仰跟抑郁症联系起来。 Risk factors and the prevalence of depression in Mormon women Purchase David C. Spendlovea, Dee W. Westa and William M. Stanishb a Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, U.S.A. b SAS Institute, Inc., Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511, U.S.A. Available online 20 June 2002. Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Utah metropolitan area in which a random sample of white, married women with children 14 years of age or younger were interviewed by telephone. Information was obtained on possible risk factors for depression and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Prevalence of depression was compared in Mormon women (N = 143) who have a high percentage of career homemakers and non- Mormon (N = 36) who have a high percentage of women working outside the home . No difference in prevalence of depression was noted. Risk factors for depression in Mormon women were also studied. After adjusting for confounding, the risk factors were: Less education, little perceived caring from spouse, perception of having less than good health and having a low income. These findings are compared to other studies. 这一篇的结论也比较复杂。 Gender Differences in the Association between Religious Involvement and Depression: The Cache County (Utah) Study Maria C. Norton Ingmar Skoog Lynn M. Franklin Christopher Corcoran JoAnn T. Tschanz, Utah State University Peter P. Zandi John C. S. Breitner Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer David C. Steffens Journals of Gerontology: We examined the relation between religious involvement, membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, and major depression in a population-based study of aging and dementia in Cache County, Utah. Participants included 4,468 nondemented individuals between the ages of 65 and 100 years who were interviewed in person. In logistic regression models adjusting for demographic and health variables, frequent church attendance was associated with a reduced prevalence of depression in women but increased prevalence in men. Social role loss and the potential impact of organizational power differential by sex are discussed. Though causality cannot be determined here, these findings suggest that the association between religious involvement and depression may differ substantially between men and women. Previous SectionNext Section DEPRESSION in old age is a public health concern, with reported prevalence rates of major depression ranging from 1% to 4% in community samples (Regier et al., 1993; Ritchie et al., 2004). Depression in later life is often underdiagnosed (Ginsberg, 2005) and undertreated (Mulsant & Ganguli, 1999). The adverse consequences of depression late in life include high health care utilization and poor quality of life and productivity, increased risk of suicide, and increased nonsuicide mortality (Pălsson & Skoog, 1997). The suicide rate in the 65-year-old and older age group has been increasing since 1980 (Lebowitz et al., 1997). In addition, studies generally report that older women are 1.5 to 2.0 times as likely as men to suffer from major depression (Gallo & Lebowitz, 1999; Steffens et al., 2000). Older adults have numerous psychosocial risk factors for depression, including death of loved ones, financial problems, and medical illnesses, that may have differential effects on men and women (Paykel, 1991). Supportive social networks may offset some of their association with depression (George, Blazer, Hughes, & Fowler, 1989). Some studies also suggest that religious involvement may reduce depressive symptoms by offering coping strategies through spiritual, intellectual, and social avenues (Husaini, Blasi, & Miller, 1999; Strawbridge, Shema, Cohen, Roberts, & Kaplan, 1998), but other studies have found no such effect (Courtenay, Poon, Martin, Clayton, & Johnson, 1992; Spendlove, West, & Stanish, 1984). The association between religious involvement and depression has yet to be definitively established, because some studies have used small or nonrepresentative samples of individuals (e.g., medically ill or nursing home patients). Further, not all studies have controlled for potential confounding factors such as education, social supports, physical health, and functional abilities. Depression rates have also been shown to differ by religious affiliation. In a study by Boey (2003), Catholics and Buddhists reported less depression than Protestants among elderly women in Hong Kong (M = 3.5, 3.9, and 6.9, respectively, on the Geriatric Depression Scale–15). Affiliation also can affect the female-to-male ratio for depression, shown to be 1:1 among Jews, compared with the more common 2:1 among Catholics and Protestants (Levav, Kohn, Golding, & Weissman, 1997). Further, Braam and colleagues (2001) argued that a strong religious climate protects against depression in later life, particularly if it is pervasive throughout cultural life. Thus, the study of the effect of religious involvement on depression in populations with a predominant religious group will expand our understanding of this association. Here we report an analysis of the relation between religious involvement and current major depression in a large community-based sample of older adults participating in the Cache County (Utah) Study on Memory Health and Aging (Breitner et al., 1999). An unusual characteristic of the Cache County population is that approximately 90% are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). LDS church members tend to have high religious involvement, and the church prohibits the use of alcohol or tobacco. Its members in Cache County therefore have low rates of mortality before the age of 85 and have a conditional life expectancy for men at age 65 that is the highest in the United States (Murray, Michaud, & McKenna, 1998), exceeding national norms by almost 10 years (Manton, Stallard, & Tolley, 1991). The prevalence of major depression among those aged 65 and older in this population has been previously reported as 4.3% in women and 3.0% in men (Steffens et al., 2000). This is somewhat higher than the 4.0% in women and 1.8% in men reported in a community study in France (Ritchie et al., 2004), but it is much higher than the 1.4% in women and 0.4% in men in the NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Study (Koenig & Blazer, 1992). The general finding that religious involvement is inversely associated with depression, along with somewhat higher rates of major depression among residents of a community with a predominant religious group (where members generally exhibit high religiosity), begs further study into differences between individuals who demonstrate varying degrees of adherence to their religious beliefs within such a cultural environment. Our purpose in this study was to examine the effect of religious involvement on major depression risk among older adults in a rural county in northern Utah composed primarily of LDS church members. We hypothesized that more frequent church attendance would decrease depression, with a stronger effect for women and for members of the predominant group. Models tested the effect of religious involvement after adjustment for important confounding variables known to affect depression risk. 但是相关性的证据是需要警惕的数据。因为相关性的证据也同样不支持摩门信仰跟抑郁 症无关。如果你的论点是摩门信仰跟抑郁症无关的话那最有力的方法是拿出解释相关性 的非信仰原因。
我在6楼有提到“没有人在说摩门教与忧郁症/自杀率是cause and effect,但这两个因素是correlational的。” 我给出的都不是结论或者观点,而是数据与事实:全国忧郁症最高、青少年自杀率最高(Pigbert给出的链接)是在犹他州,而这个州70%以上的居民是摩门教徒。社会科学的研究,因为涉及到的因素非常多,不可能像自然科学研究那样有“真空环境”experimental,所以只能研究相关性。 那么,那么多学者在研究这个topic的本身,其实就是需要警惕的一件事情。
这是个controversial topic. 我知道有学者认为存在一定的正相关,比如Dr. Curtis Canning(psychiatrist and former president of the Utah Psychiatric Association)。也有学者认为没有,尤其摩门教的专门大学BYU的研究者。 你要愿意,可以看看这篇,从标题看是讨论相关性的:Hilton, Sterling C, et al. 2002. Suicide Rates and Religious Commitment in Young Adult Males in Utah. American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 155, No. 5: 413-19. 看完之后记得分享一下结论。谢谢。
【在 t*******d 的大作中提到】 : 我目前google的结果是不支持简单的正相关结论。
t*d
96 楼
你给的这篇文章的结论是: 1。犹他州年轻男性的群体里,摩门教里面的active member自杀率比全国水平低很多。 2。摩门教里的non active member和犹他州的非摩门教徒的自杀率比全国水平高很多。 3。摩门教里的non active member比犹他州的非摩门教徒的自杀率稍高。 作者得出的结论是high religious commitment is inverse related to suicide rate. 全文链接如下: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/155/5/413.long 从这个文章里我个人得出的结论是犹他州非摩门教徒的自杀率很高。在摩门教义下挣扎 的摩门教徒自杀率更高。接受了摩门教义的摩门教徒自杀率就不高了。 这个研究人是杨百翰大学的。
Curtis Canning(psychiatrist and former president of the Utah Psychiatric 2002. Suicide Rates and Religious Commitment in Young Adult Males in Utah. American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 155, No. 5: 413-19.
【在 s****y 的大作中提到】 : 这是个controversial topic. 我知道有学者认为存在一定的正相关,比如Dr. Curtis Canning(psychiatrist and former president of the Utah Psychiatric : Association)。也有学者认为没有,尤其摩门教的专门大学BYU的研究者。 : 你要愿意,可以看看这篇,从标题看是讨论相关性的:Hilton, Sterling C, et al. 2002. Suicide Rates and Religious Commitment in Young Adult Males in Utah. American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 155, No. 5: 413-19. : 看完之后记得分享一下结论。谢谢。
我没看明白你的加法。根据你的3,光是non-active的摩门教徒自杀率已经高过非摩门了。然后再加上active而又自杀的那些,怎么反而会低于非摩门? 1。犹他州年轻男性的群体里,摩门教里面的active member自杀率比全国水平低很多。 2。摩门教里的non active member和犹他州的非摩门教徒的自杀率比全国水平高很多。 3。摩门教里的non active member比犹他州的非摩门教徒的自杀率稍高。