To my best understanding, there is no other (biological/natrual science)
theories or laws that suffer from these limits -- lack of predictability and
repeatibility. For example, given a gene sequence, you can predict with
acceptable level of certainty the location of promoters and enhances, the
encoded protein sequences, and functional and structural motifs of the
protein, etc. You can repeat experiement with same inputs, and you will get
the same outputs with certainty.
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其他学科我了解不深。生物学里面很多你都不能精确的predictable的结果。比如说吧
,研究癌症的,拿10种不同品系的老鼠,让你knock out一个癌症相关基因,你来预测
一下那个品系的更容易得癌症。再比如说从一个品系的老鼠,你拿100只,用诱变剂诱
变,你能预测一下那个老鼠会得癌症,哪个不会,会得什么癌症?不能predict本身是
因为系统本身的复制性,系统的某些过程本来就是存在随机性。不能预测是这个系统本
身决定的。
The same can't be said about "evolution theory" -- a theory for description
of a unique historical process. IMHO, it is more similiar to historical
science than natural science.
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这个理解有点不准确。上面我说的进化论很难预测未来不是说进化论完全不能预测,其
实在很多较简单情况下,进化论可以做出一些预测,并得到科学实验和科学观察的证实
。但是你说要预测一下未来人的外形会变成什么样子,这个确实是现在的进化论无法得
到的。