Rice, Psychology, and Innovation# Biology - 生物学
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http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6184/603.full.pdf
Large-Scale Psychological
Differences Within China Explained by
Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture
T. Talhelm,1
* X. Zhang,2,3 S. Oishi,1 C. Shimin,4 D. Duan,2 X. Lan,5 S. Kitayama5
Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West.
However,
this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China
. We
propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent,
whereas
farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural
legacies
continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese
participants
in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more
interdependent and
holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds
like climate,
we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and
found
differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and
pathogen
prevalence theories do not fit the data.
Large-Scale Psychological
Differences Within China Explained by
Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture
T. Talhelm,1
* X. Zhang,2,3 S. Oishi,1 C. Shimin,4 D. Duan,2 X. Lan,5 S. Kitayama5
Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West.
However,
this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China
. We
propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent,
whereas
farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural
legacies
continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese
participants
in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more
interdependent and
holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds
like climate,
we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and
found
differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and
pathogen
prevalence theories do not fit the data.