【 以下文字转载自 EB3 俱乐部 】
发信人: fuwu (fuwu), 信区: EB3
标 题: EB2 占用 EB3 名额的一个新思路
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Nov 12 18:53:15 2013, 美东)
按:本文是上个月写给 NIU 会员的。如果懒得看全文,可以提前告诉你结论是:EB2
占用 EB3 名额虽然字面上是不违背移民法条文的,但是目前实行的联邦规定不允许这
样做。如果有 EB2 的人愿意争取 EB3 的“剩余”名额的话(如果有),可以尝试从这
里面做文章。
根据移民法规定,在一个国家 EB/FB 总额不足 7% 时,所有类别的排期都和 ROW 一样
,也就是说可以在任意类别中占用任意多名额,只要总量不超过 7%。而一旦总量超过
7%,即变成 "oversubscribed" 国家,在排期中,是该国家至少有一个类别排期早于该
类别 ROW。但是,要求 oversubscribed 国家所有类别都受到 7% 限制,这就显得不够
合理了。
从本期 Visa Bulletin 来看,EB2 成为中国大陆唯一一个排期早于 ROW 的类别。
11 月 Visa Bulletin Section D 中暗示,EB3 China 当前的 demand 不足以用满该类
别总额的 7%。移民法规定了剩余名额的流向(EB1 -> EB2 -> EB3),并不支持 EB3
用不完的 7% 名额给 EB2 用,但这是假定通常 EB1、EB2 名额会有剩余,而且三个类
别潜在申请人数逐级增加。有没有可能让 EB2 占用 EB3 的名额呢?
我们需要看看移民法 203(b) 的规定:
(2) Aliens who are members of the professions holding advanced degrees or
aliens of exceptional ability
(A) In general
Visas shall be made available, in a number not to exceed 28.6 percent of
such worldwide level, plus any visas not required for the classes specified
in paragraph (1), to qualified immigrants who are members of the professions
holding advanced degrees or their equivalent or who because of their
exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or business, will substantially
benefit prospectively the national economy, cultural or educational
interests, or welfare of the United States, and whose services in the
sciences, arts, professions, or business are sought by an employer in the
United States.
(3) Skilled workers, professionals, and other workers
(A) In general
Visas shall be made available, in a number not to exceed 28.6 percent of
such worldwide level, plus any visas not required for the classes specified
in paragraphs (1) and (2), to the following classes of aliens who are not
described in paragraph (2):
(i) Skilled workers Qualified immigrants who are capable, at the time of
petitioning for classification under this paragraph, of performing skilled
labor (requiring at least 2 years training or experience), not of a
temporary or seasonal nature, for which qualified workers are not available
in the United States.
(ii) Professionals Qualified immigrants who hold baccalaureate degrees and
who are members of the professions.
(iii) Other workers Other qualified immigrants who are capable, at the time
of petitioning for classification under this paragraph, of performing
unskilled labor, not of a temporary or seasonal nature, for which qualified
workers are not available in the United States.
从字面来看,EB3 的 “Professionals” 子集中包含 EB2 中非 NIW 的部分。因为有
master degree 的一般都会有 bachelor degree。
然而在实际执行中,USCIS 采取按 PERM 一刀切的做法,根据 PERM job 的要求人为划
定一个 I-140 申请属于 EB2 类别还是 EB3 的类别。通常二者是吻合的,因为 PERM
往往是根据申请人所具有的条件量身定做的。现在关键是,如果 PERM 是“master 或
本科+5年”的,能不能选择按 EB3 来 file I-140。如果可行的话,现在所有队列中部
分 EB2 (PD 2008/10 - 2010/10之间的中国申请人),只要 file 一个 I-140
amendment,把 Part 2 中的答案从 1.d 改成 1.e,就能直接换队至 EB3,使用 EB3
的名额了。如果这样可行,我们甚至可以要求 USCIS 简化有关手续,直接把 EB2 的 I
-485 申请按照 EB2/EB3 中哪个快就按哪个来 request visa number。
现在问题的关键是,file I-140 时能否按照低于 PERM 工作要求的类别来申请。8 C.F
.R. Sec. 204.5(k)(4)(i) 中规定:
The job offer portion of the individual labor certification [...] must
demonstrate that the job requires a professional holding an advanced degree
or the equivalent or an alien of exceptional ability.
8 C.F.R. 204.5(l)(3)(i) 中规定:
The job offer portion of an individual labor certification [...] for a
professional must demonstrate that the job requires the minimum of a
baccalaureate degree.
字面来说,EB2 的 PERM 和 EB3 的 PERM 是不一样的,EB2 的 PERM 要求的工作必须
要求至少 advanced degree 才可以,而 EB3 的 PERM 要求至少 baccalaureate 就可
以,二者无交集。
如果我们能设法把这两类 PERM 曲解为“包含”的关系,EB2 的 PERM 就同时可以是一
个 EB3 的 PERM 了。
下面就要留给 EB2 们一个思考题了。有没有办法从这里做文章?