孩子对于巴黎事件的反应是正常的。很多专业组织（比如美国学校心理学会）都发表了
相关文章给家长和老师提供具体的建议。下面是从他们网页上复制来的
Helping Children Cope With Terrorism - Tips for Families and Educators
Intentional acts of violence that hurt innocent people are frightening and
upsetting. Children and youth will look to adults for information and
guidance on how to react. Families and school personnel can help children
cope first and foremost by establishing a sense of safety and security. As
information becomes available, adults can continue to help children work
through their emotions and, perhaps, even use the process as a learning
experience.
All Adults Should:
1.Model calm and control. Children take their emotional cues from the
significant adults in their lives. Avoid appearing anxious or frightened.
2.Reassure children they are safe and (if true) so are the important adults
and other loved ones in their lives. Depending on the situation, point out
factors that help ensure their immediate safety and that of their community.
3.Remind them trustworthy people are in charge. Explain that emergency
workers, police, firefighters, doctors, and the government are helping
people who are hurt and are working to ensure that no further tragedies like
this occur.
4.Let children know it is okay to feel upset. Explain all feelings are okay
when a tragedy like this occurs. Let children talk about their feelings and
help put them into perspective. Even anger is okay, but children may need
help and patience from adults to assist them in expressing these feelings
appropriately.
5.Tell children the truth. Don't try to pretend the event has not occurred
or that it is not serious. Children are smart. They will be more worried if
they think you are too afraid to tell them what is happening. At the same
time it will be important to tell children that while the threat of
terrorism is real, the chances they will be personally affected is low
6.Stick to the facts. Don't embellish or speculate about what has happened,
or where another attack might occur. Don't dwell on the scale or scope of
the tragedy, particularly with young children.
7.Be careful not to stereotype people or countries that might be associated
with the violence. Children can easily generalize negative statements and
develop prejudice. Talk about tolerance and justice versus vengeance. Stop
any bullying or teasing immediately.
8.Keep your explanations developmentally appropriate. Early elementary
school children need brief, simple information that should be balanced with
reassurances that the daily structures of their lives will not change. Upper
elementary and early middle school children will be more vocal in asking
questions about whether they truly are safe. They may need assistance
separating reality from fantasy. Upper middle school and high school
students will have strong and varying opinions about the causes of violence
and threats to safety in schools and society. They will share concrete
suggestions about how to make school safer and how to prevent tragedies in
society. They will be more committed to doing something to help the victims
and affected community. For all children, encourage them to verbalize their
thoughts and feelings. Be a good listener!
9.Maintain a "normal" routine. To the extent possible stick to normal
classroom or family routines but don't be inflexible. Children may have a
hard time concentrating on schoolwork or falling asleep at night.
10.Monitor or restrict exposure to scenes of the event as well as the
aftermath. In particular, monitor exposure to social media. For older
children, caution against accessing news coverage from only one source.
11.Observe children's emotional state. Depending on their age, children may
not express their concerns verbally. Changes in behavior, appetite, and
sleep patterns can also indicate a child's level of grief, anxiety or
discomfort. Children will express their emotions differently. There is no
right or wrong way to feel or express fear or grief.
12.Be aware of children at greater risk. Children who have a connection to
this particular event, have had a past traumatic experience or personal loss
, suffer from depression or other mental illness, or with special needs may
be at greater risk for severe reactions than others. Be particularly
observant for those who may be at risk of suicide. Seek the help of a mental
health professional if you are at all concerned.
13.Provide an outlet for students' desire to help. Consider making get well
cards or sending letters to the families and survivors of the tragedy, or
writing thank you letters to doctors, nurses, and other health care
professionals as well as emergency rescue workers, firefighters and police.
14.Keep lines of communication open between home and school. Schools are a
good place for children to experience a sense of normalcy. Being with their
friends and teachers is helpful. Schools should inform families about
available resources, such as talking points or counseling, and plans for
information sharing and discussions with students. Parents should let their
child's teacher or school mental health professional know if they have
concerns or feel their child may need extra support.
15.Monitor your own stress level. Don't ignore your own feelings of anxiety,
grief, and anger. Talking to friends, family members, religious leaders,
and mental health counselors can help. It is okay to let your children know
you are sad, but that you believe things will get better. You will be better
able to support your children if you can express your own emotions in a
productive manner. Get appropriate sleep, nutrition, and exercise.
© 2015, National Association of School Psychologists, 4340 East West
Highway, Suite 402, Bethesda, MD 20814, (301) 657-0270, Fax (301) 657-0275;
