s*d
2 楼
c*n
6 楼
娃!
l*t
8 楼
lol
老混混儿
老混混儿
y*u
10 楼
倒立是不是需要很强的手臂肌肉啊?
b*r
14 楼
厉害
c*r
16 楼
niu bi
h*g
19 楼
镉棒是从下面插的,有几个反应堆他们不确定是否封堆。
anyway,我还是和跳老一样持乐观态度的。
anyway,我还是和跳老一样持乐观态度的。
l*e
25 楼
totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
release will stay for ever. just like you mentioned it is due to the fact that the decay rate is very very slow.
Here, decay means from radioactive to non-radioactive, not from non-radioactive to radioactive.
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: 半衰期千年以上的的说明其放射性活度很小,即使毒性很强,但是衰变速率很慢,实际
: 造成的剂量率不一定很大。当然只要这些长寿命放射性元素存在,被污染的事实就改变
: 不了。
:
: 真是无知无畏. 半衰期上千年的一大堆.
G*g
26 楼
You are still considering one side of the slowness, the other side is that
the "rate" is low, and one of the most significant measure of the radiation
threat to human body is the dose rate, which is the rate at which the
radiation is absorbed by human body. It is just the same fact appreciated
from two different points of view.
Therefore, after the short-lifed isotopes have decayed away, the radiation
level will drop significantly, but may still remain above acceptable level
for a very long time.
totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
release will stay for ever. just like you
mentioned decay rate is very slow.
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
: release will stay for ever. just like you mentioned it is due to the fact that the decay rate is very very slow.
: Here, decay means from radioactive to non-radioactive, not from non-radioactive to radioactive.
the "rate" is low, and one of the most significant measure of the radiation
threat to human body is the dose rate, which is the rate at which the
radiation is absorbed by human body. It is just the same fact appreciated
from two different points of view.
Therefore, after the short-lifed isotopes have decayed away, the radiation
level will drop significantly, but may still remain above acceptable level
for a very long time.
totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
release will stay for ever. just like you
mentioned decay rate is very slow.
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
: release will stay for ever. just like you mentioned it is due to the fact that the decay rate is very very slow.
: Here, decay means from radioactive to non-radioactive, not from non-radioactive to radioactive.
G*g
28 楼
yes, no one would expect anything to decay from non-rad to rad. BTW, decay
also can be rad-2-rad, leading to the production of more toxic isotope w.r.t
to human health. That further complicates the math though.
that the decay rate is very very slow.
radioactive to radioactive.
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
: release will stay for ever. just like you mentioned it is due to the fact that the decay rate is very very slow.
: Here, decay means from radioactive to non-radioactive, not from non-radioactive to radioactive.
also can be rad-2-rad, leading to the production of more toxic isotope w.r.t
to human health. That further complicates the math though.
that the decay rate is very very slow.
radioactive to radioactive.
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
: release will stay for ever. just like you mentioned it is due to the fact that the decay rate is very very slow.
: Here, decay means from radioactive to non-radioactive, not from non-radioactive to radioactive.
l*e
31 楼
you mistaken the concept of item number, activity and radiation dose.
i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
low.
In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
activity or radiation dose, which means
if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
activity or dose is high, the threat stays
very long.
radiation
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: You are still considering one side of the slowness, the other side is that
: the "rate" is low, and one of the most significant measure of the radiation
: threat to human body is the dose rate, which is the rate at which the
: radiation is absorbed by human body. It is just the same fact appreciated
: from two different points of view.
: Therefore, after the short-lifed isotopes have decayed away, the radiation
: level will drop significantly, but may still remain above acceptable level
: for a very long time.
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
low.
In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
activity or radiation dose, which means
if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
activity or dose is high, the threat stays
very long.
radiation
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: You are still considering one side of the slowness, the other side is that
: the "rate" is low, and one of the most significant measure of the radiation
: threat to human body is the dose rate, which is the rate at which the
: radiation is absorbed by human body. It is just the same fact appreciated
: from two different points of view.
: Therefore, after the short-lifed isotopes have decayed away, the radiation
: level will drop significantly, but may still remain above acceptable level
: for a very long time.
:
: totally wrong. with a very long half-life time, it means the activity at
G*g
32 楼
Yes, the radiation will last long, but I am talking about its impact on
human health. I am not talking about dose here, but the dose RATE, which is
different from dose itself. It represent to a very large extend the actual
damage a radiation will do to human body. The damage that radiation can do
to a human body depends on the accumulative does, but more significantly on
dose rate, that is the dose that you receive per second. The activity can be
low, but the pollution duration can be long, they are not contradictive. So
after the first several decades, the area may remain so called 'polluted',
but the pollution level is actually not that high, not the same order it is
happening around the nuclear power plant right now.
The initial dose, which we are looking at right now, is mainly caused by
short-life isotopes, which will decay away very fast. By the same token,
the initial does caused by those long-life isotopes are actually orders
lower than those by shor-life ones. Aftter the initial decay period, the
radiation level will drop to the level of those long-term isotopes, which is
not that high from the very beginning. The concern with the long-life
isotopes is mainly associate with there long-term existance, not their
toxicity.
you mistaken the concept of item number, activity and radiation dose.
i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
low.
In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
activity or radiation dose, which means
if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
activity or dose is high, the threat stays
very long.
radiation
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: you mistaken the concept of item number, activity and radiation dose.
: i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
: of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
: half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
: low.
: In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
: activity or radiation dose, which means
: if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
: activity or dose is high, the threat stays
: very long.
human health. I am not talking about dose here, but the dose RATE, which is
different from dose itself. It represent to a very large extend the actual
damage a radiation will do to human body. The damage that radiation can do
to a human body depends on the accumulative does, but more significantly on
dose rate, that is the dose that you receive per second. The activity can be
low, but the pollution duration can be long, they are not contradictive. So
after the first several decades, the area may remain so called 'polluted',
but the pollution level is actually not that high, not the same order it is
happening around the nuclear power plant right now.
The initial dose, which we are looking at right now, is mainly caused by
short-life isotopes, which will decay away very fast. By the same token,
the initial does caused by those long-life isotopes are actually orders
lower than those by shor-life ones. Aftter the initial decay period, the
radiation level will drop to the level of those long-term isotopes, which is
not that high from the very beginning. The concern with the long-life
isotopes is mainly associate with there long-term existance, not their
toxicity.
you mistaken the concept of item number, activity and radiation dose.
i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
low.
In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
activity or radiation dose, which means
if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
activity or dose is high, the threat stays
very long.
radiation
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: you mistaken the concept of item number, activity and radiation dose.
: i guess u r thinking, oh, there is radiation leak, it leaks xxx item number
: of radioactive nuclides, then oh, the
: half-lifetime is very long, so the activity must be very low, so the dose is
: low.
: In reality, whenever there is radioactive leak, it is measured either by
: activity or radiation dose, which means
: if the significant components of the leak are long lived and the initial
: activity or dose is high, the threat stays
: very long.
l*e
33 楼
radiation dose in most cases is an abbreviation of radiation dose rate. like
in such a leak, when the radiation
dose level is reported, it is in the unit of mSv/hr. your interpretation of
accumulative dose and dose rate is
ok. the rest is not.
a
The
receive
long
plant
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: Yes, the radiation will last long, but I am talking about its impact on
: human health. I am not talking about dose here, but the dose RATE, which is
: different from dose itself. It represent to a very large extend the actual
: damage a radiation will do to human body. The damage that radiation can do
: to a human body depends on the accumulative does, but more significantly on
: dose rate, that is the dose that you receive per second. The activity can be
: low, but the pollution duration can be long, they are not contradictive. So
: after the first several decades, the area may remain so called 'polluted',
: but the pollution level is actually not that high, not the same order it is
: happening around the nuclear power plant right now.
in such a leak, when the radiation
dose level is reported, it is in the unit of mSv/hr. your interpretation of
accumulative dose and dose rate is
ok. the rest is not.
a
The
receive
long
plant
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: Yes, the radiation will last long, but I am talking about its impact on
: human health. I am not talking about dose here, but the dose RATE, which is
: different from dose itself. It represent to a very large extend the actual
: damage a radiation will do to human body. The damage that radiation can do
: to a human body depends on the accumulative does, but more significantly on
: dose rate, that is the dose that you receive per second. The activity can be
: low, but the pollution duration can be long, they are not contradictive. So
: after the first several decades, the area may remain so called 'polluted',
: but the pollution level is actually not that high, not the same order it is
: happening around the nuclear power plant right now.
G*g
34 楼
yes, the mSv/hr is high right now, but it is mainly caused by the short-life
isotope, because compared to these shor-life isotopes, the long-life ones
only contribute very little. After they decay away, the does rate
contribution from the long-life isotopes will be ordres lower than what is
being measured right now. That is my point.
like
of
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: radiation dose in most cases is an abbreviation of radiation dose rate. like
: in such a leak, when the radiation
: dose level is reported, it is in the unit of mSv/hr. your interpretation of
: accumulative dose and dose rate is
: ok. the rest is not.
:
: a
: The
: receive
: long
isotope, because compared to these shor-life isotopes, the long-life ones
only contribute very little. After they decay away, the does rate
contribution from the long-life isotopes will be ordres lower than what is
being measured right now. That is my point.
like
of
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: radiation dose in most cases is an abbreviation of radiation dose rate. like
: in such a leak, when the radiation
: dose level is reported, it is in the unit of mSv/hr. your interpretation of
: accumulative dose and dose rate is
: ok. the rest is not.
:
: a
: The
: receive
: long
l*e
35 楼
the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
nuclides in the reactor is I-129 with a
half-live of 15.7 million yrs. ofcoz, it maybe not the major contribution.
life
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: yes, the mSv/hr is high right now, but it is mainly caused by the short-life
: isotope, because compared to these shor-life isotopes, the long-life ones
: only contribute very little. After they decay away, the does rate
: contribution from the long-life isotopes will be ordres lower than what is
: being measured right now. That is my point.
:
: like
: of
even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
nuclides in the reactor is I-129 with a
half-live of 15.7 million yrs. ofcoz, it maybe not the major contribution.
life
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: yes, the mSv/hr is high right now, but it is mainly caused by the short-life
: isotope, because compared to these shor-life isotopes, the long-life ones
: only contribute very little. After they decay away, the does rate
: contribution from the long-life isotopes will be ordres lower than what is
: being measured right now. That is my point.
:
: like
: of
G*g
36 楼
so among the 0.1% extra dose, the contribution from I-129 is very limited,
though it will last through the end. The main body that makes the 0.1% extra
dose, right now, is Cs-137 and Sr-90. Ok, I see the difference, you are
talking about the 0.1% extra dose after hundreds of years, I am talking
about the 0.1% extra dose immediately after a nuclear accident. Yes, after
hundres of years, if 0.1% extra dose is measured, it will remain ~0.1% for a
long long time.
the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
nuclide in the reactor is I-129 with a
half-live of 15.7 million yrs.
life
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
: even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
: nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
: nuclides in the reactor is I-129 with a
: half-live of 15.7 million yrs. ofcoz, it maybe not the major contribution.
:
: life
though it will last through the end. The main body that makes the 0.1% extra
dose, right now, is Cs-137 and Sr-90. Ok, I see the difference, you are
talking about the 0.1% extra dose after hundreds of years, I am talking
about the 0.1% extra dose immediately after a nuclear accident. Yes, after
hundres of years, if 0.1% extra dose is measured, it will remain ~0.1% for a
long long time.
the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
nuclide in the reactor is I-129 with a
half-live of 15.7 million yrs.
life
【在 l****e 的大作中提到】
: the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
: even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
: nuclides, it is a threat. by the way one of the most volatile radioactive
: nuclides in the reactor is I-129 with a
: half-live of 15.7 million yrs. ofcoz, it maybe not the major contribution.
:
: life
j*h
37 楼
不可能到达切尔诺贝利的程度
只要停堆了和鸡蛋壳没被掀开
只要停堆了和鸡蛋壳没被掀开
j*c
38 楼
挖地洞吧
b*e
39 楼
一帮人连基本概念都没搞清楚,都在这边瞎掺乎。
l*e
44 楼
both Cs-137 & Sr-90 has a half life of ~30 yrs. they are usually the main
fission products released as well I-
131, which is ~ 8 day in half-life. So stop drinking milk for one month may
help.
extra
a
.
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: so among the 0.1% extra dose, the contribution from I-129 is very limited,
: though it will last through the end. The main body that makes the 0.1% extra
: dose, right now, is Cs-137 and Sr-90. Ok, I see the difference, you are
: talking about the 0.1% extra dose after hundreds of years, I am talking
: about the 0.1% extra dose immediately after a nuclear accident. Yes, after
: hundres of years, if 0.1% extra dose is measured, it will remain ~0.1% for a
: long long time.
:
: the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
: even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
fission products released as well I-
131, which is ~ 8 day in half-life. So stop drinking milk for one month may
help.
extra
a
.
【在 G*******g 的大作中提到】
: so among the 0.1% extra dose, the contribution from I-129 is very limited,
: though it will last through the end. The main body that makes the 0.1% extra
: dose, right now, is Cs-137 and Sr-90. Ok, I see the difference, you are
: talking about the 0.1% extra dose after hundreds of years, I am talking
: about the 0.1% extra dose immediately after a nuclear accident. Yes, after
: hundres of years, if 0.1% extra dose is measured, it will remain ~0.1% for a
: long long time.
:
: the limit for radiation level is usually set at 2.5 uSv/hr or 0.25 merm/hr.
: even 0.1% of the leak is long-lived
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