r*e
2 楼
家里常常接到中国人打来的电话,要不是长城平台,要不是ITALKBB. 10天前接到的是手
机公司的,要我续签合约.之前也收到过无数回,但最近这次因为合约快到期了,所以就电
话里续了.给了SSN,地址和出生年月日还有信用卡号.那边告诉我3-5天收到.奇怪的是,
上周五这人又打了一电话给我告诉我他要回国了,要有什么服务相关的问题就打他给我
的电话.我当时觉得有点奇怪,但也没有太在意.至今手机还没有收到.打了跟我续签合约
的TMOBILE公司,人根本就不知道.再打他给的那个电话号码,根本没人接或者线路不通.
我之前也打过这个号码,是有人接的,还找到跟我续合约的那人了.
想想自己其实直接找TMOBILE或者找美国人代理就根本没这事的.当时心里一软,觉得在
美国混的老中们都跟我一样不容易,那小子连英语都讲不清,更难混.所以当时就立意把
这生意给了同胞.现在想来,悔不该.打电话去取消信用卡,去花钱$13一个月登记CREDIT
MONITORING, 还要胆战心惊的怕IDENTITY THEFT,再花无数时间做RESEARCH,看看怎么收
拾被别人IDENTITY STEAL的后果...一时之仁给自
机公司的,要我续签合约.之前也收到过无数回,但最近这次因为合约快到期了,所以就电
话里续了.给了SSN,地址和出生年月日还有信用卡号.那边告诉我3-5天收到.奇怪的是,
上周五这人又打了一电话给我告诉我他要回国了,要有什么服务相关的问题就打他给我
的电话.我当时觉得有点奇怪,但也没有太在意.至今手机还没有收到.打了跟我续签合约
的TMOBILE公司,人根本就不知道.再打他给的那个电话号码,根本没人接或者线路不通.
我之前也打过这个号码,是有人接的,还找到跟我续合约的那人了.
想想自己其实直接找TMOBILE或者找美国人代理就根本没这事的.当时心里一软,觉得在
美国混的老中们都跟我一样不容易,那小子连英语都讲不清,更难混.所以当时就立意把
这生意给了同胞.现在想来,悔不该.打电话去取消信用卡,去花钱$13一个月登记CREDIT
MONITORING, 还要胆战心惊的怕IDENTITY THEFT,再花无数时间做RESEARCH,看看怎么收
拾被别人IDENTITY STEAL的后果...一时之仁给自
O*e
3 楼
我喜欢的是
男:
沙宝亮:浑厚,浪漫,有金属质感的磁性
游鸿明:最有聆听质的声线,颤音非常强大
张学友:歌神,就不多说了,其实我一直觉得张学友的嗓音多点点棱角和磁性就完美了。
女:
林忆莲:最有power的有韵味的小女人声线,能handle各种不同风格的歌,很强大。
男:
沙宝亮:浑厚,浪漫,有金属质感的磁性
游鸿明:最有聆听质的声线,颤音非常强大
张学友:歌神,就不多说了,其实我一直觉得张学友的嗓音多点点棱角和磁性就完美了。
女:
林忆莲:最有power的有韵味的小女人声线,能handle各种不同风格的歌,很强大。
z*n
5 楼
这种骗术,跟是不是中国人无关
你这个当上的太...了
CREDIT
【在 r****e 的大作中提到】
: 家里常常接到中国人打来的电话,要不是长城平台,要不是ITALKBB. 10天前接到的是手
: 机公司的,要我续签合约.之前也收到过无数回,但最近这次因为合约快到期了,所以就电
: 话里续了.给了SSN,地址和出生年月日还有信用卡号.那边告诉我3-5天收到.奇怪的是,
: 上周五这人又打了一电话给我告诉我他要回国了,要有什么服务相关的问题就打他给我
: 的电话.我当时觉得有点奇怪,但也没有太在意.至今手机还没有收到.打了跟我续签合约
: 的TMOBILE公司,人根本就不知道.再打他给的那个电话号码,根本没人接或者线路不通.
: 我之前也打过这个号码,是有人接的,还找到跟我续合约的那人了.
: 想想自己其实直接找TMOBILE或者找美国人代理就根本没这事的.当时心里一软,觉得在
: 美国混的老中们都跟我一样不容易,那小子连英语都讲不清,更难混.所以当时就立意把
: 这生意给了同胞.现在想来,悔不该.打电话去取消信用卡,去花钱$13一个月登记CREDIT
你这个当上的太...了
CREDIT
【在 r****e 的大作中提到】
: 家里常常接到中国人打来的电话,要不是长城平台,要不是ITALKBB. 10天前接到的是手
: 机公司的,要我续签合约.之前也收到过无数回,但最近这次因为合约快到期了,所以就电
: 话里续了.给了SSN,地址和出生年月日还有信用卡号.那边告诉我3-5天收到.奇怪的是,
: 上周五这人又打了一电话给我告诉我他要回国了,要有什么服务相关的问题就打他给我
: 的电话.我当时觉得有点奇怪,但也没有太在意.至今手机还没有收到.打了跟我续签合约
: 的TMOBILE公司,人根本就不知道.再打他给的那个电话号码,根本没人接或者线路不通.
: 我之前也打过这个号码,是有人接的,还找到跟我续合约的那人了.
: 想想自己其实直接找TMOBILE或者找美国人代理就根本没这事的.当时心里一软,觉得在
: 美国混的老中们都跟我一样不容易,那小子连英语都讲不清,更难混.所以当时就立意把
: 这生意给了同胞.现在想来,悔不该.打电话去取消信用卡,去花钱$13一个月登记CREDIT
b*i
6 楼
男:林俊杰
女:夏川里美
乐队组合:生物股长,Kalafina
对不起,我听日文比较多。。。
女:夏川里美
乐队组合:生物股长,Kalafina
对不起,我听日文比较多。。。
b*i
9 楼
男:林俊杰
女:夏川里美
乐队组合:生物股长,Kalafina
对不起,我听日文比较多。。。
女:夏川里美
乐队组合:生物股长,Kalafina
对不起,我听日文比较多。。。
c*5
12 楼
我。
h1申请太迟了,不得不回去
h1申请太迟了,不得不回去
z*o
14 楼
打死也不读啦。。。。
g*3
18 楼
不读,打死也不读了
n*y
26 楼
方大同
n*w
28 楼
游鸿明好听的太多了。。。
还有恋上一个人,孟婆汤,一天一万年, 爱我的人和我爱的人。。。听着直让人肝肠
寸断。。。
后来结婚了就堕落了,写不出好的作品,然后就淡出了。看来婚姻的确是创作的坟墓。
他的歌气息给的非常非常多,学不了几句肯定要背过气去。倒挺适合nyer的那种bt的肺
活量。。。
我比较喜欢人的歌手就两个,一个歌神,一个E神。其它都以喜欢歌为主。女的好像没
有。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 游轰鸣,推荐
: 下沙:最大气的游式情歌。
: 五月的雪:最纠结的...
: 爱一回伤一回:最无奈的。。也是最扯淡的。。
: 。。。。。。。还有很多。。想不起来了,记忆里最差的。。。
: 本来想试一试沙宝亮的,让嗲睡鼠吓得。。筋筋回去了。。咋整。。哈哈
还有恋上一个人,孟婆汤,一天一万年, 爱我的人和我爱的人。。。听着直让人肝肠
寸断。。。
后来结婚了就堕落了,写不出好的作品,然后就淡出了。看来婚姻的确是创作的坟墓。
他的歌气息给的非常非常多,学不了几句肯定要背过气去。倒挺适合nyer的那种bt的肺
活量。。。
我比较喜欢人的歌手就两个,一个歌神,一个E神。其它都以喜欢歌为主。女的好像没
有。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 游轰鸣,推荐
: 下沙:最大气的游式情歌。
: 五月的雪:最纠结的...
: 爱一回伤一回:最无奈的。。也是最扯淡的。。
: 。。。。。。。还有很多。。想不起来了,记忆里最差的。。。
: 本来想试一试沙宝亮的,让嗲睡鼠吓得。。筋筋回去了。。咋整。。哈哈
z*n
34 楼
男:歌神
女:邓丽君
女:邓丽君
b*a
99 楼
亲们,你们太厉害了
搞笑功夫进步嗖嗖的啊
我刚跟我家t2娃斗争完,憋了一肚子气
看了这个贴才开心点
哎呀,没有你们我都不想活了。。。
搞笑功夫进步嗖嗖的啊
我刚跟我家t2娃斗争完,憋了一肚子气
看了这个贴才开心点
哎呀,没有你们我都不想活了。。。
n*y
101 楼
张学友嗓子可以说是很差。。。
s*3
112 楼
r*1
144 楼
莎拉•布莱曼
a*u
148 楼
嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
颤音 (音乐)
维基百科,自由的百科全书
颤音是一种乐器技巧。
Vibrato
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato
is typically characterised in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch
variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied
("rate of vibrato").[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Vibrato and tremolo
2 Leslie speaker
3 Acoustic basis
4 Typical rate and extent of vibrato
5 Vibrato's use in various musical genres
5.1 In classical music
5.1.1 Vibrato wars
5.1.2 In opera
5.2 In jazz
5.3 In folk
5.4 In pop
6 Techniques for producing vibrato
6.1 Keyboard instruments
6.2 String instruments
6.3 Wind instruments
6.4 Brasses
6.5 Auto-vibrato
7 Sound examples
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
[edit]Vibrato and tremolo
Spectrogram illustrating the difference between tremolo and vibrato.
The terms vibrato and tremolo are sometimes used interchangeably, although
the strict definitions of each describe them as separate effects: vibrato is
a periodic variation in the pitch (frequency) of a musical note, whereas
tremolo usually refers to periodic variations in the volume (amplitude) of a
musical note. In practice, it is difficult for a singer or musical
instrument player to achieve a pure vibrato or tremolo (where only the pitch
or only the volume is varied), and variations in both pitch and volume will
often be achieved at the same time. Electronic manipulation or generation
of signals makes it easier to achieve or demonstrate pure tremolo and/or
vibrato.
There are some instances where one of the terms (vibrato, tremolo) is used
to describe the effect normally associated with the other term. For example,
vibrato is sometimes referred to as tremolo, notably in referring to the
vibrato arm of an electric guitar as a "tremolo arm", which produces
variations of pitch. Conversely, the so-called vibrato unit built in to many
guitar amplifiers produces what is known as tremolo in all other contexts.
See vibrato unit for a detailed discussion of this terminology reversal.
[edit]Leslie speaker
A Leslie speaker (best known through its historical and popular association
with the Hammond organ) creates vibrato as a byproduct of tremolo production
. As a Leslie speaker is moved by the rotating mechanism on which it is
mounted, it moves closer to or farther away from any given object (such as a
listener's ears) not also mounted on the mechanism. Because amplitude
varies directly with sound pressure (A = k1P) and sound pressure varies
directly with distance (P = k2d), such that amplitude also varies directly
with distance (A = k1(k2d) = k1k2d), the amplitude of the sound as perceived
by the listener will be greatest when the speaker is at the point in its
rotation closest to the listener and least when the speaker is farthest away
. Because the speaker is constantly moving either toward or away from the
listener, however, the mechanism's rotation is constantly affecting the
listener-perceived sound's wavelength by either "stretching" the wave (
increasing wavelength) or "squeezing" it (decreasing wavelength) -- and
because frequency, i.e., pitch, is inversely proportional to wavelength,
such that increasing wavelength decreases frequency and vice versa, any
listener for whom the speaker's motion changes the sound's perceived
amplitude (i.e., any listener whose distance from the speaker is changing)
must also perceive a change in frequency.Leslie speakers and tremelo have
absolutely nothing to do with vibrato.
[edit]Acoustic basis
The use of vibrato is intended to add warmth to a note. In the case of many
string instruments the sound emitted is strongly directional, particularly
at high frequencies, and the slight variations in pitch typical of vibrato
playing can cause large changes in the directional patterns of the radiated
sound.[2] This can add a shimmer to the sound; with a well-made instrument
it may also help a solo player to be heard more clearly when playing with a
large orchestra.[3]
This directional effect is intended to interact with the room acoustics to
add interest to the sound, in much the same way as an acoustic guitarist may
swing the box around on a final sustain, or the rotating baffle of a Leslie
speaker will spin the sound around the room.
[edit]Typical rate and extent of vibrato
The rate and extent of the variation in pitch during vibrato is controlled
by the performer. The extent of vibrato for solo singers is usually less
than a semitone (100 cents) either side of the note, while singers in a
choir typically use narrower vibrato with an extent of less than +/- a tenth
of a semitone (+/- 10 cents).[1] Wind and bowed instruments generally use
vibratos with an extent of less than +/- half a semitone.[1]
[edit]Vibrato's use in various musical genres
Vibrato is sometimes thought of as an effect added onto the note itself, but
in some cases it is so fully a part of the style of the music that it can
be very difficult for some performers to play without it. The jazz tenor sax
player Coleman Hawkins found he had this difficulty when requested to play
a passage both with and without vibrato by the producer of a children's jazz
album to demonstrate the difference between the two. Despite his technique,
he was unable to play without vibrato. A symphony saxophonist was brought
in to play the part.
Many classical musicians, especially singers and string players, have a
similar problem. The violinist and teacher Leopold Auer, writing in his book
Violin Playing as I Teach It (1920), advised violinists to practise playing
completely without vibrato, and to stop playing for a few minutes as soon
as they noticed themselves playing with vibrato in order for them to gain
complete control over their technique.
[edit]In classical music
The use of vibrato in classical music is a matter of some dispute. For much
of the 20th century it was used almost continuously in the performance of
pieces from all eras from the Baroque onwards, especially by singers and
string players. A drastic change in approach cannot be understood wholly
without regarding the rise of notionally historically accurate ("period")
performance from the 1970s onwards. However, there is no actual proof that
singers performed without vibrato in the baroque era. Vocal music of the
renaissance is almost never sung with vibrato as a rule, and it seems
unlikely it ever was. There are only a few texts from the period on vocal
production, but they all condemn excessive use of vibrato. However, it
should be understood that "vibrato" occurs over a wide range of intensities:
slow, fast, wide, and narrow. Most sources in condemning the practice seem
to be referring to a wide, slow, perceptible oscillation in pitch, usually
associated with intense emotion[citation needed], whereas the ideal for
modern vibrato, and possibly in earlier times as well, was to imitate the
natural timbre of the adult singing voice, from which a measure of vibrato (
it has since been shown) is rarely absent.
Leopold Mozart’s Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (1756), for
example, provides an indication of the state of vibrato in string playing at
the end of the baroque period. In it, he concedes that “there are
performers who tremble consistently on each note as if they had the
permanent fever”, condemning the practice, and suggesting instead that
vibrato should be used only on sustained notes and at the ends of phrases
when used as an ornament.[4] This however, does not give anything more than
an indication of Mozart's own personal taste, based on the fact that he was
an educated late Rococo/Classical composer. Mozart acknowledges the
difference between the heavy, ornamental vibrato that he finds objectionable
, and a more continuous application of the technique less obtrusively for
purposes of improving tone quality (in which case he does not refer to it as
"vibrato" or "tremolo" at all; describing it merely an aspect of correct
fingering). In this respect he resembles his contemporary, Francesco
Geminiani, who advocated using vibrato "as frequently as possible" on short
notes for this purpose. Although there is no aural proof, as audio
recordings were not around for more than 150 years, that string players in
Europe did not use vibrato, its overuse was almost universally condemned by
the leading musical authorities of the day.
Certain types of vibrato, then, were seen as an ornament, but this does not
mean that it was used sparingly. In wind playing too, it seems that vibrato
in music up to the 20th century was seen as an ornament to be used
selectively. Martin Agricola writing in his Musica instrumentalis deudch (
1529) writes of vibrato in this way. Occasionally, composers up to the
baroque period indicated vibrato with a wavy line in the sheet music. Again,
this does not suggest that it was not desired for the rest of the piece any
more than the infrequent use of the term in 20th century works suggests
that it is not used elsewhere.
[edit]Vibrato wars
Music by late Romantic composers such as Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms
is now played with a fairly continuous vibrato. However, some musicians
specialising in historically informed performances, such as the conductor
Roger Norrington, argue that it is unlikely that Brahms, Wagner, and their
contemporaries would have expected it to be played in this way. This view
has caused considerable controversy. The view that continuous vibrato was
invented by Fritz Kreisler and some of his colleagues is held to be shown by
early sound recordings, which allegedly demonstrate that vibrato appeared
only in the 20th century. Against this are cited sources which are said to
prove[citation needed] that early 19th-century Viennese string players like
Franz Clement and Joseph Mayseder were noted for their tasteful use of
vibrato. These musicians (and the two Hellmesbergers) are said to represent
the school on which Fritz Kreisler based his stylistic approach.[citation
needed]
The alleged growth of vibrato in 20th century orchestral playing has been
traced by Norrington by studying early audio recordings but his opponents
contend that his interpretations are not supported by the actual samples.
Norrington claims that vibrato in the earliest recordings is used only
selectively, as an expressive device; the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra were
not recorded using vibrato comparable to modern vibrato until 1935, and the
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra not until 1940. French orchestras seem[
citation needed] to have played with continuous vibrato somewhat earlier,
from the 1920s.
Defenders of vibrato claim that the sonic limitations of 78-rpm recordings,
particularly with respect to overtones and high frequency information, make
an uncontroversial assessment of earlier playing techniques difficult (
although, it must be said, early recordings of operatic singers manage to
show clearly the extent to which a vibrato is present [or not] in their
voices). In addition, the defenders of vibrato point out a distinction needs
to be made between the kind of vibrato used by a solo player, and the
sectional vibrato of an entire string ensemble, which cannot be heard as a
uniform quantity as such. Rather, it manifests itself in terms of the warmth
and amplitude of the sound produced, as opposed to a perceptible wavering
of pitch. The fact that as early as the 1880s composers such as Richard
Strauss (in his tone poems "Don Juan" and "Death and Transfiguration") as
well as Camille Saint-Saëns (Symphony No. 3 "Organ") asked string
players to perform certain passages "without expression" or "without nuance"
strongly suggests the general use of vibrato within the orchestra as a
matter of course.
Despite this, the use of vibrato in late Romantic music is still common,
though challenged by Roger Norrington and others of the historically
informed performance movement. Performances of composers from Beethoven to
Arnold Schoenberg with limited vibrato are now not uncommon. Norrington
caused controversy during the 2008 Proms season by conducting Edward Elgar's
Enigma Variations, and the Last Night of the Proms, in non-vibrato style,
which he calls pure tone. Some take the view that even though it may not be
what the composer envisioned, vibrato adds an emotional depth which improves
the sound of the music. Others feel that the leaner sound of vibratoless
playing is preferable. In 20th century classical music, written at a time
when the use of vibrato was widespread, there is sometimes a specific
instruction not to use it (in some of the string quartets of Béla Bartók
for example). Furthermore, some modern classical composers, especially
minimalist composers, are against the use of vibrato at all times.
[edit]In opera
All human voices possess the capacity to produce a vibrato. This vibrato can
be varied in width (and rapidity) through training. In opera, as opposed to
pop, vibrato begins at the start of the note and continues to the end of
the note with slight variations in width during the note.
Traditionally, however, the deliberate cultivation of a particularly wide,
pervasive vibrato by opera singers from the Latin countries has been
denounced by English-speaking music critics and pedagogues as a technical
fault and a stylistic blot (see Scott, cited below, Volume 1, pp. 123–127).
They have expected vocalists to emit a pure, steady stream of clear sound
— irrespective of whether they were singing in church, on the concert
platform, or on the operatic stage.
During the 19th century, for instance, New York and London based critics,
including Henry Chorley, Herman Klein, and George Bernard Shaw, castigated a
succession of visiting Mediterranean tenors for resorting to an excessive,
constantly pulsating vibrato during their performances. Shaw called the
worst offenders "goat bleaters" in his book Music in London 1890-1894 (
Constable, London, 1932). Among those censured for this failing were such
celebrated figures as Enrico Tamberlik, Julián Gayarre, Roberto Stagno,
Italo Campanini and Ernesto Nicolini—not to mention Fernando Valero and
Fernando De Lucia, whose tremulous tones are preserved on the 78-rpm discs
that they made at the beginning of the 20th century.
The popularity of an exaggerated vibrato among many (but by no means all)
Mediterranean tenors and singing teachers of this era has been traced back
by musicologists to the influential example set by the early-19th century
virtuoso vocalist Giovanni Battista Rubini (1794–1854). Rubini had employed
it with great success as an affecting device in the new Romantic operas of
Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini. A host of young Italian tenors—
including the renowned Giovanni Mario (1810–1883) — copied Rubini's trend-
setting innovation in order to heighten the emotional impact of the music
that they were singing, and to facilitate the delivery of fioritura "by, as
it were, running up and down the vibrato" (to quote Scott; see p. 126).
Prior to the advent of the charismatic Rubini, every well-schooled opera
singer had avoided using a conspicuous and continuous vibrato because,
according to Scott, it varied the pitch of the note being sung to an
unacceptable degree and it was considered to be an artificial contrivance
arising from inadequate breath control. British and North American press
commentators and singing teachers continued to subscribe to this view long
after Rubini had come and gone.
Accordingly, when Enrico Caruso (1873–1921) — the most emulated
Mediterranean tenor of the 20th century — made his acclaimed New York
Metropolitan Opera debut in November 1903, one of the specific vocal
attributes for which he was praised by music reviewers was the absence of a
disruptive vibrato from his singing. The scholarly critic William James
Henderson wrote in The Sun newspaper, for example, that Caruso "has a pure
tenor voice and [it] is without the typical Italian bleat". Caruso's
gramophone recordings support Henderson's assessment. (Other prominent
Mediterranean tenors of the late 19th century-early 20th century who, like
Caruso, did not "bleat" were Angelo Masini, Francesco Tamagno, Francesco
Marconi, Francisco Viñas, Emilio De Marchi, Giuseppe Borgatti and
Giovanni Zenatello, while the phenomenon was rare among French, German,
Russian and Anglo-Saxon tenors of the same period—see Scott.)
The intentional use of a pronounced vibrato by Mediterranean tenors is a
practice that has died out over the course of the past 100 years, owing in
no small measure to Caruso's example. The last really important
practitioners of this style and method of singing were Alessandro Bonci (in
the 1900-1925 period) and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi (in the 1920-1950 period).
Both of them featured bel canto works, dating from Rubini's day, in their
operatic repertoires, and both of them can be heard on recordings which
faithfully capture the distinct shimmer inherent in their timbre.
Italian or Spanish-trained operatic sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, and baritones
exhibiting a pronounced vibrato did not escape censure, either, by British
and North American arbiters of good singing. Indeed, Adelina Patti and Luisa
Tetrazzini were the only Italian sopranos to enjoy star status in London
and New York in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras, while such well-known
compatriots and coevals of theirs as Gemma Bellincioni and Eugenia Burzio (
among several others) failed to please Anglo-Saxon ears because, unlike
Patti and Tetrazzini, they possessed unsteady, vibrato-laden voices—see
Scott for evaluations of their respective techniques. To give an additional
female example from a later date, whenever the vivacious mezzo-soprano of
the 1920s and '30s, Conchita Supervia, performed in London, she was
admonished in print for her exceedingly vibrant and fluttery tone, which was
unkindly likened by her detractors to the chatter of a machine-gun or the
rattle of dice in a cup.
In 1883, Giuseppe Kaschmann (né Josip Kašman) — a principal baritone
at La Scala, Milan—was criticised for his strong vibrato when he sang at
the Met, and the theatre's management did not re-engage him for the
following season, even though other aspects of his singing were admired. (
Kaschmann never performed in Great Britain but he remained a popular artist
in the Latin countries for several decades; in 1903, he made a few
recordings which exhibit only too well his perpetual flutter.) Similarly,
another one of Italy's leading baritones, Riccardo Stracciari, was unable to
turn his pre-World War I London and New York operatic engagements into
unambiguous triumphs due to an intrusive quiver in his tone. He subsequently
moderated his vibrato, as the discs that he made for Columbia Records in
1917-1925 show, and this enabled him to pursue a significant career not only
in his homeland but also at the Chicago opera.
There is another kind of vibrato-linked fault that can afflict the voices of
operatic artists, especially ageing ones—namely the slow, often irregular
wobble produced when the singer's vibrato has loosened from the effects of
forcing, over-parting, or the sheer wear and tear on the body caused by the
stresses of a long stage career.
References: For more information about the historical employment of vibrato
by classical vocalists, see Michael Scott's two-volume survey The Record of
Singing (published by Duckworth, London, in 1977 and 1979); John Potter's
Tenor: History of a Voice (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2009);
and Herman Klein's 30 Years of Music in London (Century, New York, 1903).
[edit]In jazz
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.
Most jazz players for the first half of the 20th century used vibrato more
or less continuously. Since around the 1950s and the rise of bebop,
continuous use of vibrato has largely fallen out of style in favor of more
selective use.
[edit]In folk
Folk music singers and instrumentalists up to the present day rarely or
never use vibrato. It tends only to be used by performers of transcriptions
or reworkings of folk music that have been made by composers from a
classical, music-school background such as Benjamin Britten or Percy
Grainger.[citation needed]
The use of vibrato in some folk music is rare, or at least less pronounced
than in other forms of music, although in Eastern European gypsy music, for
example, it can be very wide.[citation needed]
[edit]In pop
In pop (as opposed to opera), the vibrato usually starts somewhere in the
latter part of the note. In the case of some pop balladists, the vibrato can
be so wide as to constitute a pronounced wobble, although not as pronounced
as that present in some badly trained or over-worked operatic voices. Many
singers use pitch correction software in which the effect can be reduced or
eliminated as a result of pitch quantization.
[edit]Techniques for producing vibrato
Not all instruments can produce vibrato, as some have fixed pitches which
cannot be varied by sufficiently small degrees. Most percussion instruments
are examples of this, for instance the xylophone.
[edit]Keyboard instruments
Some types of organ however, can produce the effect by altering the pressure
of the air passing through the pipes, or by various mechanical devices (see
the Hammond or Wurlitzer Organs for example). The clavichord, though
technically a fixed-pitch keyboard instrument, is capable of producing a
type of vibrato known as Bebung by varying the pressure on the key as the
note sounds. Some digital keyboards can produce an electronic vibrato effect
, either by pressure on the keys, or by using a joystick or other MIDI
controller.
[edit]String instruments
The method of producing vibrato on other instruments varies. On string
instruments, for example, the finger used to stop the string can be wobbled
on the fingerboard, or actually moved up and down the string for a wider
vibrato.
Many contemporary string players vary the pitch from below, only up to the
nominal note and not above it,[5] although great violin pedagogues of the
past such as Carl Flesch and Joseph Joachim explicitly referred to vibrato
as a movement towards the bridge, meaning upwards in pitch,[6]—and the
cellist Diran Alexanian, in his 1922 treatise Traité théorique et pratique
du Violoncelle, shows how one should practice vibrato as starting from the
note and then moving upwards in a rhythmic motion.[7] In a 1996 acoustic
study by the Acoustical Society of America, along with Wellesley College and
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found that the perceived pitch
of a note with vibrato "is that of its mean", or the middle of the
fluctuating pitch.[8]
The guqin, a Chinese bridgeless zither, has documents describing over 25
different types of vibrato that can be executed. Most peculiar is the
vibrato ting yin (literally "still vibrato"); ancient manuals state that the
finger on the left hand that is pressing the string should only move or
rock ever so slightly so as to alter the pitch minutely, and some manuals
say that the finger should not move at all but let the pulse of the finger
do the vibrato.[citation needed]
Wide vibrato, as wide as a whole-tone, is commonly used among electric
guitar players and adds the signature vocal-like expressiveness to the sound
. This effect can be achieved both by the movement of fingers on the
fretboard and by the use of a tremolo arm, a lever that adjusts the tension
of the strings.
[edit]Wind instruments
Players of wind instruments generally create vibrato by modulating their air
flow into the instrument. This may be accomplished either through stomach
vibrato, the pulsing of the diaphragm slightly up and down, or throat
vibrato, a variation of vocal chord tension to manipulate air pressure as
singers do. Players of other instruments may employ less common techniques.
Saxophonists tend to create vibrato by repeatedly moving their jaw up and
down slightly. Clarinet players rarely play with vibrato, but if they do,
the saxophone method is common because of the similarity of the saxophone
and clarinet mouthpieces and reeds.
[edit]Brasses
Brass instrument players may produce vibrato by gently shaking the horn
which varies the pressure of the mouthpiece against the lip. This is
referred to as hand vibrato, and is more favored in higher brass.
Alternatively, the embouchure can be rapidly altered, essentially repeatedly
"bending" the note. This is called lip-vibrato, and is probably the most
commonly used technique of vibrato on a lower brass instrument.[9] On a
trombone, a player may provide a slightly more pronounced vibrato by gently
moving the slide back and forth, centering on one note to give a lyrical
effect. Often, this is more of a jazz technique. This is called slide
vibrato. In brass playing, diaphragmatic vibrato is possible, but not often
preferred.
[edit]Auto-vibrato
Some instruments can only be played with constant, mechanical vibrato (or
none at all), notably electric organists using a Leslie speaker. Vibrato on
the theremin, which is a continuously variable-pitch instrument with no "
stops", can range from delicate to extravagant, and often serves to mask the
small pitch adjustments that instrument requires.
[edit]Sound examples
Vibrato, Sound Frequency 500 Hz - Frequency Modulation 50 Hz - Vibrato
Frequency 6 Hz (help·info)
Tremolo, Sound Frequency 500 Hz - Amplitude Modulation 6 Hz (help·info)
Tremolo by beating - Sound Frequencies 500 and 506 Hz, Beat Frequency 6 Hz
(help·info)
[edit]See also
List of ornaments
Wah-wah (music)
Finger vibrato
Vibrato unit
[edit]References
^ a b c Sundberg, Johan. "Acoustic and psychoacoustic aspects of vocal
vibrato". Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^ Curtin, Joseph (2000-04). "Weinreich and Directional Tone Colour". Strad
Magazine. Retrieved 2009-05-23. "In the case of string instruments, however,
not only are they strongly directional, but the pattern of their
directionality changes very rapidly with frequency. If you think of that
pattern at a given frequency as beacons of sound, like the quills of a
porcupine, then even the slight changes in pitch created by vibrato can
cause those quills to be continually undulating."
^ Schleske, Martin. "The psychoacoustic secret of vibrato". Retrieved 11
February 2010. "The “fiery tone” that likely results from this phenomenon
is an essential characteristic of good violins."
^ http://www.koelnklavier.de/quellen/moz-le/kap11-1.html
^ Fischer, Simon: Basics ISBN 978190150700, page 221.
^ Eberhardt, S.: Violin Vibrato: Its Mastery and Artistic Uses, pages 12 and
21. Carl Fischer, Inc.
^ Alexanian, D.: "Traité théorique et pratique du Violoncelle", pages 96
and 97. Dover.
^ http://www.wellesley.edu/Physics/brown/pubs/vibPerF100P1728-P1735.pdf
^ http://www.xtremebrass.com/brass-advantage/17.php
[edit]External links
Look up vibrato in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Vibrato or tremolo? - technical treatment, but accessible to laypersons
The Vibrato Page - collection of opinions and quotes against vibrato.
Roger Norrington writing on vibrato - from a conductor's perspective
David Montgomery: The Vibrato Thing - from a musician's perspective,
debunking Norrington and Moens-Haenen
Punctuating your Lead Guitar with String Vibratos
Use of Vibrato in Baroque Vocal Music - Historical documentation, brief but
clear scientific explanation, and a short bibliography
David Hurwitz: Vibrato in the Classical Orchestra - latest of three-part
essay refuting Norrington and his school; covers the Classical Period
A riddle over vibrato of clarinet
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 颤音,但是用的抖音的技术。
: 或者,opera就不能拿通俗的名词来形容和解释。所指并不一样。
就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
颤音 (音乐)
维基百科,自由的百科全书
颤音是一种乐器技巧。
Vibrato
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato
is typically characterised in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch
variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied
("rate of vibrato").[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Vibrato and tremolo
2 Leslie speaker
3 Acoustic basis
4 Typical rate and extent of vibrato
5 Vibrato's use in various musical genres
5.1 In classical music
5.1.1 Vibrato wars
5.1.2 In opera
5.2 In jazz
5.3 In folk
5.4 In pop
6 Techniques for producing vibrato
6.1 Keyboard instruments
6.2 String instruments
6.3 Wind instruments
6.4 Brasses
6.5 Auto-vibrato
7 Sound examples
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
[edit]Vibrato and tremolo
Spectrogram illustrating the difference between tremolo and vibrato.
The terms vibrato and tremolo are sometimes used interchangeably, although
the strict definitions of each describe them as separate effects: vibrato is
a periodic variation in the pitch (frequency) of a musical note, whereas
tremolo usually refers to periodic variations in the volume (amplitude) of a
musical note. In practice, it is difficult for a singer or musical
instrument player to achieve a pure vibrato or tremolo (where only the pitch
or only the volume is varied), and variations in both pitch and volume will
often be achieved at the same time. Electronic manipulation or generation
of signals makes it easier to achieve or demonstrate pure tremolo and/or
vibrato.
There are some instances where one of the terms (vibrato, tremolo) is used
to describe the effect normally associated with the other term. For example,
vibrato is sometimes referred to as tremolo, notably in referring to the
vibrato arm of an electric guitar as a "tremolo arm", which produces
variations of pitch. Conversely, the so-called vibrato unit built in to many
guitar amplifiers produces what is known as tremolo in all other contexts.
See vibrato unit for a detailed discussion of this terminology reversal.
[edit]Leslie speaker
A Leslie speaker (best known through its historical and popular association
with the Hammond organ) creates vibrato as a byproduct of tremolo production
. As a Leslie speaker is moved by the rotating mechanism on which it is
mounted, it moves closer to or farther away from any given object (such as a
listener's ears) not also mounted on the mechanism. Because amplitude
varies directly with sound pressure (A = k1P) and sound pressure varies
directly with distance (P = k2d), such that amplitude also varies directly
with distance (A = k1(k2d) = k1k2d), the amplitude of the sound as perceived
by the listener will be greatest when the speaker is at the point in its
rotation closest to the listener and least when the speaker is farthest away
. Because the speaker is constantly moving either toward or away from the
listener, however, the mechanism's rotation is constantly affecting the
listener-perceived sound's wavelength by either "stretching" the wave (
increasing wavelength) or "squeezing" it (decreasing wavelength) -- and
because frequency, i.e., pitch, is inversely proportional to wavelength,
such that increasing wavelength decreases frequency and vice versa, any
listener for whom the speaker's motion changes the sound's perceived
amplitude (i.e., any listener whose distance from the speaker is changing)
must also perceive a change in frequency.Leslie speakers and tremelo have
absolutely nothing to do with vibrato.
[edit]Acoustic basis
The use of vibrato is intended to add warmth to a note. In the case of many
string instruments the sound emitted is strongly directional, particularly
at high frequencies, and the slight variations in pitch typical of vibrato
playing can cause large changes in the directional patterns of the radiated
sound.[2] This can add a shimmer to the sound; with a well-made instrument
it may also help a solo player to be heard more clearly when playing with a
large orchestra.[3]
This directional effect is intended to interact with the room acoustics to
add interest to the sound, in much the same way as an acoustic guitarist may
swing the box around on a final sustain, or the rotating baffle of a Leslie
speaker will spin the sound around the room.
[edit]Typical rate and extent of vibrato
The rate and extent of the variation in pitch during vibrato is controlled
by the performer. The extent of vibrato for solo singers is usually less
than a semitone (100 cents) either side of the note, while singers in a
choir typically use narrower vibrato with an extent of less than +/- a tenth
of a semitone (+/- 10 cents).[1] Wind and bowed instruments generally use
vibratos with an extent of less than +/- half a semitone.[1]
[edit]Vibrato's use in various musical genres
Vibrato is sometimes thought of as an effect added onto the note itself, but
in some cases it is so fully a part of the style of the music that it can
be very difficult for some performers to play without it. The jazz tenor sax
player Coleman Hawkins found he had this difficulty when requested to play
a passage both with and without vibrato by the producer of a children's jazz
album to demonstrate the difference between the two. Despite his technique,
he was unable to play without vibrato. A symphony saxophonist was brought
in to play the part.
Many classical musicians, especially singers and string players, have a
similar problem. The violinist and teacher Leopold Auer, writing in his book
Violin Playing as I Teach It (1920), advised violinists to practise playing
completely without vibrato, and to stop playing for a few minutes as soon
as they noticed themselves playing with vibrato in order for them to gain
complete control over their technique.
[edit]In classical music
The use of vibrato in classical music is a matter of some dispute. For much
of the 20th century it was used almost continuously in the performance of
pieces from all eras from the Baroque onwards, especially by singers and
string players. A drastic change in approach cannot be understood wholly
without regarding the rise of notionally historically accurate ("period")
performance from the 1970s onwards. However, there is no actual proof that
singers performed without vibrato in the baroque era. Vocal music of the
renaissance is almost never sung with vibrato as a rule, and it seems
unlikely it ever was. There are only a few texts from the period on vocal
production, but they all condemn excessive use of vibrato. However, it
should be understood that "vibrato" occurs over a wide range of intensities:
slow, fast, wide, and narrow. Most sources in condemning the practice seem
to be referring to a wide, slow, perceptible oscillation in pitch, usually
associated with intense emotion[citation needed], whereas the ideal for
modern vibrato, and possibly in earlier times as well, was to imitate the
natural timbre of the adult singing voice, from which a measure of vibrato (
it has since been shown) is rarely absent.
Leopold Mozart’s Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (1756), for
example, provides an indication of the state of vibrato in string playing at
the end of the baroque period. In it, he concedes that “there are
performers who tremble consistently on each note as if they had the
permanent fever”, condemning the practice, and suggesting instead that
vibrato should be used only on sustained notes and at the ends of phrases
when used as an ornament.[4] This however, does not give anything more than
an indication of Mozart's own personal taste, based on the fact that he was
an educated late Rococo/Classical composer. Mozart acknowledges the
difference between the heavy, ornamental vibrato that he finds objectionable
, and a more continuous application of the technique less obtrusively for
purposes of improving tone quality (in which case he does not refer to it as
"vibrato" or "tremolo" at all; describing it merely an aspect of correct
fingering). In this respect he resembles his contemporary, Francesco
Geminiani, who advocated using vibrato "as frequently as possible" on short
notes for this purpose. Although there is no aural proof, as audio
recordings were not around for more than 150 years, that string players in
Europe did not use vibrato, its overuse was almost universally condemned by
the leading musical authorities of the day.
Certain types of vibrato, then, were seen as an ornament, but this does not
mean that it was used sparingly. In wind playing too, it seems that vibrato
in music up to the 20th century was seen as an ornament to be used
selectively. Martin Agricola writing in his Musica instrumentalis deudch (
1529) writes of vibrato in this way. Occasionally, composers up to the
baroque period indicated vibrato with a wavy line in the sheet music. Again,
this does not suggest that it was not desired for the rest of the piece any
more than the infrequent use of the term in 20th century works suggests
that it is not used elsewhere.
[edit]Vibrato wars
Music by late Romantic composers such as Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms
is now played with a fairly continuous vibrato. However, some musicians
specialising in historically informed performances, such as the conductor
Roger Norrington, argue that it is unlikely that Brahms, Wagner, and their
contemporaries would have expected it to be played in this way. This view
has caused considerable controversy. The view that continuous vibrato was
invented by Fritz Kreisler and some of his colleagues is held to be shown by
early sound recordings, which allegedly demonstrate that vibrato appeared
only in the 20th century. Against this are cited sources which are said to
prove[citation needed] that early 19th-century Viennese string players like
Franz Clement and Joseph Mayseder were noted for their tasteful use of
vibrato. These musicians (and the two Hellmesbergers) are said to represent
the school on which Fritz Kreisler based his stylistic approach.[citation
needed]
The alleged growth of vibrato in 20th century orchestral playing has been
traced by Norrington by studying early audio recordings but his opponents
contend that his interpretations are not supported by the actual samples.
Norrington claims that vibrato in the earliest recordings is used only
selectively, as an expressive device; the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra were
not recorded using vibrato comparable to modern vibrato until 1935, and the
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra not until 1940. French orchestras seem[
citation needed] to have played with continuous vibrato somewhat earlier,
from the 1920s.
Defenders of vibrato claim that the sonic limitations of 78-rpm recordings,
particularly with respect to overtones and high frequency information, make
an uncontroversial assessment of earlier playing techniques difficult (
although, it must be said, early recordings of operatic singers manage to
show clearly the extent to which a vibrato is present [or not] in their
voices). In addition, the defenders of vibrato point out a distinction needs
to be made between the kind of vibrato used by a solo player, and the
sectional vibrato of an entire string ensemble, which cannot be heard as a
uniform quantity as such. Rather, it manifests itself in terms of the warmth
and amplitude of the sound produced, as opposed to a perceptible wavering
of pitch. The fact that as early as the 1880s composers such as Richard
Strauss (in his tone poems "Don Juan" and "Death and Transfiguration") as
well as Camille Saint-Saëns (Symphony No. 3 "Organ") asked string
players to perform certain passages "without expression" or "without nuance"
strongly suggests the general use of vibrato within the orchestra as a
matter of course.
Despite this, the use of vibrato in late Romantic music is still common,
though challenged by Roger Norrington and others of the historically
informed performance movement. Performances of composers from Beethoven to
Arnold Schoenberg with limited vibrato are now not uncommon. Norrington
caused controversy during the 2008 Proms season by conducting Edward Elgar's
Enigma Variations, and the Last Night of the Proms, in non-vibrato style,
which he calls pure tone. Some take the view that even though it may not be
what the composer envisioned, vibrato adds an emotional depth which improves
the sound of the music. Others feel that the leaner sound of vibratoless
playing is preferable. In 20th century classical music, written at a time
when the use of vibrato was widespread, there is sometimes a specific
instruction not to use it (in some of the string quartets of Béla Bartók
for example). Furthermore, some modern classical composers, especially
minimalist composers, are against the use of vibrato at all times.
[edit]In opera
All human voices possess the capacity to produce a vibrato. This vibrato can
be varied in width (and rapidity) through training. In opera, as opposed to
pop, vibrato begins at the start of the note and continues to the end of
the note with slight variations in width during the note.
Traditionally, however, the deliberate cultivation of a particularly wide,
pervasive vibrato by opera singers from the Latin countries has been
denounced by English-speaking music critics and pedagogues as a technical
fault and a stylistic blot (see Scott, cited below, Volume 1, pp. 123–127).
They have expected vocalists to emit a pure, steady stream of clear sound
— irrespective of whether they were singing in church, on the concert
platform, or on the operatic stage.
During the 19th century, for instance, New York and London based critics,
including Henry Chorley, Herman Klein, and George Bernard Shaw, castigated a
succession of visiting Mediterranean tenors for resorting to an excessive,
constantly pulsating vibrato during their performances. Shaw called the
worst offenders "goat bleaters" in his book Music in London 1890-1894 (
Constable, London, 1932). Among those censured for this failing were such
celebrated figures as Enrico Tamberlik, Julián Gayarre, Roberto Stagno,
Italo Campanini and Ernesto Nicolini—not to mention Fernando Valero and
Fernando De Lucia, whose tremulous tones are preserved on the 78-rpm discs
that they made at the beginning of the 20th century.
The popularity of an exaggerated vibrato among many (but by no means all)
Mediterranean tenors and singing teachers of this era has been traced back
by musicologists to the influential example set by the early-19th century
virtuoso vocalist Giovanni Battista Rubini (1794–1854). Rubini had employed
it with great success as an affecting device in the new Romantic operas of
Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini. A host of young Italian tenors—
including the renowned Giovanni Mario (1810–1883) — copied Rubini's trend-
setting innovation in order to heighten the emotional impact of the music
that they were singing, and to facilitate the delivery of fioritura "by, as
it were, running up and down the vibrato" (to quote Scott; see p. 126).
Prior to the advent of the charismatic Rubini, every well-schooled opera
singer had avoided using a conspicuous and continuous vibrato because,
according to Scott, it varied the pitch of the note being sung to an
unacceptable degree and it was considered to be an artificial contrivance
arising from inadequate breath control. British and North American press
commentators and singing teachers continued to subscribe to this view long
after Rubini had come and gone.
Accordingly, when Enrico Caruso (1873–1921) — the most emulated
Mediterranean tenor of the 20th century — made his acclaimed New York
Metropolitan Opera debut in November 1903, one of the specific vocal
attributes for which he was praised by music reviewers was the absence of a
disruptive vibrato from his singing. The scholarly critic William James
Henderson wrote in The Sun newspaper, for example, that Caruso "has a pure
tenor voice and [it] is without the typical Italian bleat". Caruso's
gramophone recordings support Henderson's assessment. (Other prominent
Mediterranean tenors of the late 19th century-early 20th century who, like
Caruso, did not "bleat" were Angelo Masini, Francesco Tamagno, Francesco
Marconi, Francisco Viñas, Emilio De Marchi, Giuseppe Borgatti and
Giovanni Zenatello, while the phenomenon was rare among French, German,
Russian and Anglo-Saxon tenors of the same period—see Scott.)
The intentional use of a pronounced vibrato by Mediterranean tenors is a
practice that has died out over the course of the past 100 years, owing in
no small measure to Caruso's example. The last really important
practitioners of this style and method of singing were Alessandro Bonci (in
the 1900-1925 period) and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi (in the 1920-1950 period).
Both of them featured bel canto works, dating from Rubini's day, in their
operatic repertoires, and both of them can be heard on recordings which
faithfully capture the distinct shimmer inherent in their timbre.
Italian or Spanish-trained operatic sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, and baritones
exhibiting a pronounced vibrato did not escape censure, either, by British
and North American arbiters of good singing. Indeed, Adelina Patti and Luisa
Tetrazzini were the only Italian sopranos to enjoy star status in London
and New York in the late-Victorian and Edwardian eras, while such well-known
compatriots and coevals of theirs as Gemma Bellincioni and Eugenia Burzio (
among several others) failed to please Anglo-Saxon ears because, unlike
Patti and Tetrazzini, they possessed unsteady, vibrato-laden voices—see
Scott for evaluations of their respective techniques. To give an additional
female example from a later date, whenever the vivacious mezzo-soprano of
the 1920s and '30s, Conchita Supervia, performed in London, she was
admonished in print for her exceedingly vibrant and fluttery tone, which was
unkindly likened by her detractors to the chatter of a machine-gun or the
rattle of dice in a cup.
In 1883, Giuseppe Kaschmann (né Josip Kašman) — a principal baritone
at La Scala, Milan—was criticised for his strong vibrato when he sang at
the Met, and the theatre's management did not re-engage him for the
following season, even though other aspects of his singing were admired. (
Kaschmann never performed in Great Britain but he remained a popular artist
in the Latin countries for several decades; in 1903, he made a few
recordings which exhibit only too well his perpetual flutter.) Similarly,
another one of Italy's leading baritones, Riccardo Stracciari, was unable to
turn his pre-World War I London and New York operatic engagements into
unambiguous triumphs due to an intrusive quiver in his tone. He subsequently
moderated his vibrato, as the discs that he made for Columbia Records in
1917-1925 show, and this enabled him to pursue a significant career not only
in his homeland but also at the Chicago opera.
There is another kind of vibrato-linked fault that can afflict the voices of
operatic artists, especially ageing ones—namely the slow, often irregular
wobble produced when the singer's vibrato has loosened from the effects of
forcing, over-parting, or the sheer wear and tear on the body caused by the
stresses of a long stage career.
References: For more information about the historical employment of vibrato
by classical vocalists, see Michael Scott's two-volume survey The Record of
Singing (published by Duckworth, London, in 1977 and 1979); John Potter's
Tenor: History of a Voice (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2009);
and Herman Klein's 30 Years of Music in London (Century, New York, 1903).
[edit]In jazz
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.
Most jazz players for the first half of the 20th century used vibrato more
or less continuously. Since around the 1950s and the rise of bebop,
continuous use of vibrato has largely fallen out of style in favor of more
selective use.
[edit]In folk
Folk music singers and instrumentalists up to the present day rarely or
never use vibrato. It tends only to be used by performers of transcriptions
or reworkings of folk music that have been made by composers from a
classical, music-school background such as Benjamin Britten or Percy
Grainger.[citation needed]
The use of vibrato in some folk music is rare, or at least less pronounced
than in other forms of music, although in Eastern European gypsy music, for
example, it can be very wide.[citation needed]
[edit]In pop
In pop (as opposed to opera), the vibrato usually starts somewhere in the
latter part of the note. In the case of some pop balladists, the vibrato can
be so wide as to constitute a pronounced wobble, although not as pronounced
as that present in some badly trained or over-worked operatic voices. Many
singers use pitch correction software in which the effect can be reduced or
eliminated as a result of pitch quantization.
[edit]Techniques for producing vibrato
Not all instruments can produce vibrato, as some have fixed pitches which
cannot be varied by sufficiently small degrees. Most percussion instruments
are examples of this, for instance the xylophone.
[edit]Keyboard instruments
Some types of organ however, can produce the effect by altering the pressure
of the air passing through the pipes, or by various mechanical devices (see
the Hammond or Wurlitzer Organs for example). The clavichord, though
technically a fixed-pitch keyboard instrument, is capable of producing a
type of vibrato known as Bebung by varying the pressure on the key as the
note sounds. Some digital keyboards can produce an electronic vibrato effect
, either by pressure on the keys, or by using a joystick or other MIDI
controller.
[edit]String instruments
The method of producing vibrato on other instruments varies. On string
instruments, for example, the finger used to stop the string can be wobbled
on the fingerboard, or actually moved up and down the string for a wider
vibrato.
Many contemporary string players vary the pitch from below, only up to the
nominal note and not above it,[5] although great violin pedagogues of the
past such as Carl Flesch and Joseph Joachim explicitly referred to vibrato
as a movement towards the bridge, meaning upwards in pitch,[6]—and the
cellist Diran Alexanian, in his 1922 treatise Traité théorique et pratique
du Violoncelle, shows how one should practice vibrato as starting from the
note and then moving upwards in a rhythmic motion.[7] In a 1996 acoustic
study by the Acoustical Society of America, along with Wellesley College and
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found that the perceived pitch
of a note with vibrato "is that of its mean", or the middle of the
fluctuating pitch.[8]
The guqin, a Chinese bridgeless zither, has documents describing over 25
different types of vibrato that can be executed. Most peculiar is the
vibrato ting yin (literally "still vibrato"); ancient manuals state that the
finger on the left hand that is pressing the string should only move or
rock ever so slightly so as to alter the pitch minutely, and some manuals
say that the finger should not move at all but let the pulse of the finger
do the vibrato.[citation needed]
Wide vibrato, as wide as a whole-tone, is commonly used among electric
guitar players and adds the signature vocal-like expressiveness to the sound
. This effect can be achieved both by the movement of fingers on the
fretboard and by the use of a tremolo arm, a lever that adjusts the tension
of the strings.
[edit]Wind instruments
Players of wind instruments generally create vibrato by modulating their air
flow into the instrument. This may be accomplished either through stomach
vibrato, the pulsing of the diaphragm slightly up and down, or throat
vibrato, a variation of vocal chord tension to manipulate air pressure as
singers do. Players of other instruments may employ less common techniques.
Saxophonists tend to create vibrato by repeatedly moving their jaw up and
down slightly. Clarinet players rarely play with vibrato, but if they do,
the saxophone method is common because of the similarity of the saxophone
and clarinet mouthpieces and reeds.
[edit]Brasses
Brass instrument players may produce vibrato by gently shaking the horn
which varies the pressure of the mouthpiece against the lip. This is
referred to as hand vibrato, and is more favored in higher brass.
Alternatively, the embouchure can be rapidly altered, essentially repeatedly
"bending" the note. This is called lip-vibrato, and is probably the most
commonly used technique of vibrato on a lower brass instrument.[9] On a
trombone, a player may provide a slightly more pronounced vibrato by gently
moving the slide back and forth, centering on one note to give a lyrical
effect. Often, this is more of a jazz technique. This is called slide
vibrato. In brass playing, diaphragmatic vibrato is possible, but not often
preferred.
[edit]Auto-vibrato
Some instruments can only be played with constant, mechanical vibrato (or
none at all), notably electric organists using a Leslie speaker. Vibrato on
the theremin, which is a continuously variable-pitch instrument with no "
stops", can range from delicate to extravagant, and often serves to mask the
small pitch adjustments that instrument requires.
[edit]Sound examples
Vibrato, Sound Frequency 500 Hz - Frequency Modulation 50 Hz - Vibrato
Frequency 6 Hz (help·info)
Tremolo, Sound Frequency 500 Hz - Amplitude Modulation 6 Hz (help·info)
Tremolo by beating - Sound Frequencies 500 and 506 Hz, Beat Frequency 6 Hz
(help·info)
[edit]See also
List of ornaments
Wah-wah (music)
Finger vibrato
Vibrato unit
[edit]References
^ a b c Sundberg, Johan. "Acoustic and psychoacoustic aspects of vocal
vibrato". Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^ Curtin, Joseph (2000-04). "Weinreich and Directional Tone Colour". Strad
Magazine. Retrieved 2009-05-23. "In the case of string instruments, however,
not only are they strongly directional, but the pattern of their
directionality changes very rapidly with frequency. If you think of that
pattern at a given frequency as beacons of sound, like the quills of a
porcupine, then even the slight changes in pitch created by vibrato can
cause those quills to be continually undulating."
^ Schleske, Martin. "The psychoacoustic secret of vibrato". Retrieved 11
February 2010. "The “fiery tone” that likely results from this phenomenon
is an essential characteristic of good violins."
^ http://www.koelnklavier.de/quellen/moz-le/kap11-1.html
^ Fischer, Simon: Basics ISBN 978190150700, page 221.
^ Eberhardt, S.: Violin Vibrato: Its Mastery and Artistic Uses, pages 12 and
21. Carl Fischer, Inc.
^ Alexanian, D.: "Traité théorique et pratique du Violoncelle", pages 96
and 97. Dover.
^ http://www.wellesley.edu/Physics/brown/pubs/vibPerF100P1728-P1735.pdf
^ http://www.xtremebrass.com/brass-advantage/17.php
[edit]External links
Look up vibrato in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Vibrato or tremolo? - technical treatment, but accessible to laypersons
The Vibrato Page - collection of opinions and quotes against vibrato.
Roger Norrington writing on vibrato - from a conductor's perspective
David Montgomery: The Vibrato Thing - from a musician's perspective,
debunking Norrington and Moens-Haenen
Punctuating your Lead Guitar with String Vibratos
Use of Vibrato in Baroque Vocal Music - Historical documentation, brief but
clear scientific explanation, and a short bibliography
David Hurwitz: Vibrato in the Classical Orchestra - latest of three-part
essay refuting Norrington and his school; covers the Classical Period
A riddle over vibrato of clarinet
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 颤音,但是用的抖音的技术。
: 或者,opera就不能拿通俗的名词来形容和解释。所指并不一样。
b*a
149 楼
味精哥专业!
其实俺根本不知道学术上真有颤音,抖音这一说
因为我不知道还有人故意唱抖音啊
我一直把颤过头的叫抖音,其实我一直觉得是控制的不好才会发出抖音呢
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
其实俺根本不知道学术上真有颤音,抖音这一说
因为我不知道还有人故意唱抖音啊
我一直把颤过头的叫抖音,其实我一直觉得是控制的不好才会发出抖音呢
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
n*w
152 楼
对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
i*o
158 楼
不管是美声还是流行音乐,颤音就是vibrato,没有别的词了。不管是流行还是美声,
正确的vibrato都会强调是要在喉头稳定的前提下,通过控制腹部气息变化来实现的。
但在流行音乐里,也有一些流行歌手是用的喉头颤法(同样也是气息带动喉部声带颤动
),比如刘德华之类的,虽然不规范不“科学”,但也有其卖点与市场就是了。
根本没有“抖音”唱法一说。除非你是绵羊音的爱好者。。。
对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
: 我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
: 我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
: 美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
: 所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
: 其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
正确的vibrato都会强调是要在喉头稳定的前提下,通过控制腹部气息变化来实现的。
但在流行音乐里,也有一些流行歌手是用的喉头颤法(同样也是气息带动喉部声带颤动
),比如刘德华之类的,虽然不规范不“科学”,但也有其卖点与市场就是了。
根本没有“抖音”唱法一说。除非你是绵羊音的爱好者。。。
对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
: 我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
: 我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
: 美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
: 所以只有一种方法,就是腹部控制气息来达到颤音。无所谓抖音颤音的区别。
: 其实流行音乐的规范做的很不好。不像美声。
b*a
168 楼
又去听了听沙宝亮
非常喜欢他的嗓音,觉得他的鼻音不重啊
那个游鸿明和沙宝亮比鼻音就有点重了,这种声音感觉就是不那么大气
我更喜欢沙宝亮的,晕调你可以唱个沙宝亮的暗香
这个歌多好听啊
非常喜欢他的嗓音,觉得他的鼻音不重啊
那个游鸿明和沙宝亮比鼻音就有点重了,这种声音感觉就是不那么大气
我更喜欢沙宝亮的,晕调你可以唱个沙宝亮的暗香
这个歌多好听啊
l*e
169 楼
晕了。。。
只要是很长的贴子,就算不看,都会有一种“嗯,很对”的错觉 XD
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
只要是很长的贴子,就算不看,都会有一种“嗯,很对”的错觉 XD
【在 a*******u 的大作中提到】
: 嗐!轩哥,那不就是叫做Vibrato嘛。
: 就抖啊,就震啊,就一个词根啊。
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrato
: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A
: 颤音 (音乐)
: 维基百科,自由的百科全书
: 颤音是一种乐器技巧。
: Vibrato
: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
: Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of
t*r
175 楼
opera 的大幅颤音貌似只有声带支持和气息都强大的时候才能出来。
要是松下来按流行唱,貌似大幅颤音无法自然出来。只能出小幅快速
颤音,像抖音。
俺看了 Hayley 的不多的几首流行唱法,好像也是这样的。不过伊
唱那种歌实在是少之又少,可能是爱惜嗓子。毕竟伊每年的主业是唱
opera。
俺不习惯小幅快速颤音,俺觉得俺在支持比较松的情况下可能是自发
用了类似长笛颤音技术。俺自我感觉支持比较松的情况下,大幅颤音
的发音有较多“做”的感觉,不像强支持的时候颤音相对比较自然就可
以出来。
俺喉结不抖(有见长笛颤音抖喉结么?)。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 我觉的张学友是喉抖阿,因为看他的MV,可以看到他的喉结在上下颤动。。刘德华也是
: ,脚的和刘德华一个路子,只是刘抖夸张些而已。。
要是松下来按流行唱,貌似大幅颤音无法自然出来。只能出小幅快速
颤音,像抖音。
俺看了 Hayley 的不多的几首流行唱法,好像也是这样的。不过伊
唱那种歌实在是少之又少,可能是爱惜嗓子。毕竟伊每年的主业是唱
opera。
俺不习惯小幅快速颤音,俺觉得俺在支持比较松的情况下可能是自发
用了类似长笛颤音技术。俺自我感觉支持比较松的情况下,大幅颤音
的发音有较多“做”的感觉,不像强支持的时候颤音相对比较自然就可
以出来。
俺喉结不抖(有见长笛颤音抖喉结么?)。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 我觉的张学友是喉抖阿,因为看他的MV,可以看到他的喉结在上下颤动。。刘德华也是
: ,脚的和刘德华一个路子,只是刘抖夸张些而已。。
n*w
176 楼
可能我表述有些问题。来回看了两遍,好像跟我网上搜的说法大致上是一致的啊。只是
你说的比较学院派。
【在 i******o 的大作中提到】
: 不管是美声还是流行音乐,颤音就是vibrato,没有别的词了。不管是流行还是美声,
: 正确的vibrato都会强调是要在喉头稳定的前提下,通过控制腹部气息变化来实现的。
: 但在流行音乐里,也有一些流行歌手是用的喉头颤法(同样也是气息带动喉部声带颤动
: ),比如刘德华之类的,虽然不规范不“科学”,但也有其卖点与市场就是了。
: 根本没有“抖音”唱法一说。除非你是绵羊音的爱好者。。。
:
: 对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
: 我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
: 我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
: 美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
你说的比较学院派。
【在 i******o 的大作中提到】
: 不管是美声还是流行音乐,颤音就是vibrato,没有别的词了。不管是流行还是美声,
: 正确的vibrato都会强调是要在喉头稳定的前提下,通过控制腹部气息变化来实现的。
: 但在流行音乐里,也有一些流行歌手是用的喉头颤法(同样也是气息带动喉部声带颤动
: ),比如刘德华之类的,虽然不规范不“科学”,但也有其卖点与市场就是了。
: 根本没有“抖音”唱法一说。除非你是绵羊音的爱好者。。。
:
: 对的。Vibrato比较像指美声的颤音。
: 我是网上搜的。而且是找的通俗唱法。不能用在美声里边。
: 我之前只知道颤抖有两种,要么抖动喉头,要么腹部控制气息。
: 美声里边要简单。美声唱法的主流学派肯定是禁止喉头抖动的。
n*w
178 楼
小幅快速颤音应该是最难的吧。频率快了腹部得多有力啊。
【在 t*******r 的大作中提到】
: opera 的大幅颤音貌似只有声带支持和气息都强大的时候才能出来。
: 要是松下来按流行唱,貌似大幅颤音无法自然出来。只能出小幅快速
: 颤音,像抖音。
: 俺看了 Hayley 的不多的几首流行唱法,好像也是这样的。不过伊
: 唱那种歌实在是少之又少,可能是爱惜嗓子。毕竟伊每年的主业是唱
: opera。
: 俺不习惯小幅快速颤音,俺觉得俺在支持比较松的情况下可能是自发
: 用了类似长笛颤音技术。俺自我感觉支持比较松的情况下,大幅颤音
: 的发音有较多“做”的感觉,不像强支持的时候颤音相对比较自然就可
: 以出来。
【在 t*******r 的大作中提到】
: opera 的大幅颤音貌似只有声带支持和气息都强大的时候才能出来。
: 要是松下来按流行唱,貌似大幅颤音无法自然出来。只能出小幅快速
: 颤音,像抖音。
: 俺看了 Hayley 的不多的几首流行唱法,好像也是这样的。不过伊
: 唱那种歌实在是少之又少,可能是爱惜嗓子。毕竟伊每年的主业是唱
: opera。
: 俺不习惯小幅快速颤音,俺觉得俺在支持比较松的情况下可能是自发
: 用了类似长笛颤音技术。俺自我感觉支持比较松的情况下,大幅颤音
: 的发音有较多“做”的感觉,不像强支持的时候颤音相对比较自然就可
: 以出来。
n*w
179 楼
仔细想了想,我个人经验可以说说。也不知道对不对。流行我完全没专业学过。也都是
靠自己摸索。欢迎指正。
第一步可以多看看高位置的示范。个人觉得版上最最好的例子是希小宝。你搜她正面高
清的视频清唱吧。正面高清不是为了看人,看她怎么送气上去,怎么打击到上面的那个
点。但是男女有别,不能直接模仿。
然后照着鼻咽腔的图试着找位置。看图感觉挺有用的。我终于知道硬腭软腭在哪了。哈
哈。。。要是有专业老师教可能更好办,直接伸手进你嘴里指给你。哈哈。。。
再就是尽量去掉胸腔共鸣。摸着胸腔感觉不到震动。只有上面的共鸣。上次给你贴过张
学友唱的眼泪。那歌几乎没什么胸腔共鸣。听着有点娘。哈哈。
我现在也只是学到半吊子,最烂的是我connect做不好。两块共鸣不是很通。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 上面的共鸣咋练呢?
: 我从来也没练过胸腔共鸣哈。
: 还有就是,我没觉得我的音域低哈,大部分歌我都能唱,一般人唱不了的我一般都没问
: 题。
: 我觉得属于平均以上的音域。
靠自己摸索。欢迎指正。
第一步可以多看看高位置的示范。个人觉得版上最最好的例子是希小宝。你搜她正面高
清的视频清唱吧。正面高清不是为了看人,看她怎么送气上去,怎么打击到上面的那个
点。但是男女有别,不能直接模仿。
然后照着鼻咽腔的图试着找位置。看图感觉挺有用的。我终于知道硬腭软腭在哪了。哈
哈。。。要是有专业老师教可能更好办,直接伸手进你嘴里指给你。哈哈。。。
再就是尽量去掉胸腔共鸣。摸着胸腔感觉不到震动。只有上面的共鸣。上次给你贴过张
学友唱的眼泪。那歌几乎没什么胸腔共鸣。听着有点娘。哈哈。
我现在也只是学到半吊子,最烂的是我connect做不好。两块共鸣不是很通。
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 上面的共鸣咋练呢?
: 我从来也没练过胸腔共鸣哈。
: 还有就是,我没觉得我的音域低哈,大部分歌我都能唱,一般人唱不了的我一般都没问
: 题。
: 我觉得属于平均以上的音域。
O*e
180 楼
你的意思是,尽量不用胸腔共鸣?只用上面的? 会不会听着没根啊。发飘。
“怎么打击到上面的那个点"
这个点在什么位置?
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 仔细想了想,我个人经验可以说说。也不知道对不对。流行我完全没专业学过。也都是
: 靠自己摸索。欢迎指正。
: 第一步可以多看看高位置的示范。个人觉得版上最最好的例子是希小宝。你搜她正面高
: 清的视频清唱吧。正面高清不是为了看人,看她怎么送气上去,怎么打击到上面的那个
: 点。但是男女有别,不能直接模仿。
: 然后照着鼻咽腔的图试着找位置。看图感觉挺有用的。我终于知道硬腭软腭在哪了。哈
: 哈。。。要是有专业老师教可能更好办,直接伸手进你嘴里指给你。哈哈。。。
: 再就是尽量去掉胸腔共鸣。摸着胸腔感觉不到震动。只有上面的共鸣。上次给你贴过张
: 学友唱的眼泪。那歌几乎没什么胸腔共鸣。听着有点娘。哈哈。
: 我现在也只是学到半吊子,最烂的是我connect做不好。两块共鸣不是很通。
“怎么打击到上面的那个点"
这个点在什么位置?
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 仔细想了想,我个人经验可以说说。也不知道对不对。流行我完全没专业学过。也都是
: 靠自己摸索。欢迎指正。
: 第一步可以多看看高位置的示范。个人觉得版上最最好的例子是希小宝。你搜她正面高
: 清的视频清唱吧。正面高清不是为了看人,看她怎么送气上去,怎么打击到上面的那个
: 点。但是男女有别,不能直接模仿。
: 然后照着鼻咽腔的图试着找位置。看图感觉挺有用的。我终于知道硬腭软腭在哪了。哈
: 哈。。。要是有专业老师教可能更好办,直接伸手进你嘴里指给你。哈哈。。。
: 再就是尽量去掉胸腔共鸣。摸着胸腔感觉不到震动。只有上面的共鸣。上次给你贴过张
: 学友唱的眼泪。那歌几乎没什么胸腔共鸣。听着有点娘。哈哈。
: 我现在也只是学到半吊子,最烂的是我connect做不好。两块共鸣不是很通。
n*w
182 楼
1
不用胸腔共鸣的时候,腹部还是可以发力。不会没根。飘是有一点。
底下永远都是保持紧张的。即使唱很小声和低沉的声音。
2
上面的打击点在硬腭那块。贴个图,说说我听的感觉吧。欢迎讨论和指正。我其实很想
听听唱的很专业的人的看法。
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-eLdNtGf15iU/T4i-9g-GUPI/AAAAAAAAARU/
f3GhNLOeARM/s314/%25E9%25BC%25BB%25E5%2592%25BD%25E8%2585%2594.jpg
试了下,我打哈欠唱“啊”的位置大概在1那里。美声里边很喜欢说打哈欠的状态唱歌
,大概共鸣位置就在那儿吧。
流行经常还没那么靠后。希小宝唱老男孩(视频在最后)的位置稍微在1的前面一点点
。位置比较稳定了。唱的比筷子兄弟好很多。但是最好听的位置应该每个人都不一样,
需要自己尝试。
上次尚雯婕唱没那么简单的位置,会很靠后。最夸张的时候大概到了2。所以说她的唱
法有点老派。现在很少见这么靠后了。更夸张的是张宇,位置还要再靠后。
另外,明显的鼻音是位置太靠前,共鸣都跑去鼻腔了。tidewater应该比我懂。蝶窦属
于头腔。偏后面。
下面是参考的视频。
筷子兄弟-老男孩(Guitar Cover) by希小包
尚雯婕 - 没那么简单
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 你的意思是,尽量不用胸腔共鸣?只用上面的? 会不会听着没根啊。发飘。
: “怎么打击到上面的那个点"
: 这个点在什么位置?
不用胸腔共鸣的时候,腹部还是可以发力。不会没根。飘是有一点。
底下永远都是保持紧张的。即使唱很小声和低沉的声音。
2
上面的打击点在硬腭那块。贴个图,说说我听的感觉吧。欢迎讨论和指正。我其实很想
听听唱的很专业的人的看法。
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-eLdNtGf15iU/T4i-9g-GUPI/AAAAAAAAARU/
f3GhNLOeARM/s314/%25E9%25BC%25BB%25E5%2592%25BD%25E8%2585%2594.jpg
试了下,我打哈欠唱“啊”的位置大概在1那里。美声里边很喜欢说打哈欠的状态唱歌
,大概共鸣位置就在那儿吧。
流行经常还没那么靠后。希小宝唱老男孩(视频在最后)的位置稍微在1的前面一点点
。位置比较稳定了。唱的比筷子兄弟好很多。但是最好听的位置应该每个人都不一样,
需要自己尝试。
上次尚雯婕唱没那么简单的位置,会很靠后。最夸张的时候大概到了2。所以说她的唱
法有点老派。现在很少见这么靠后了。更夸张的是张宇,位置还要再靠后。
另外,明显的鼻音是位置太靠前,共鸣都跑去鼻腔了。tidewater应该比我懂。蝶窦属
于头腔。偏后面。
下面是参考的视频。
筷子兄弟-老男孩(Guitar Cover) by希小包
尚雯婕 - 没那么简单
【在 O*******e 的大作中提到】
: 你的意思是,尽量不用胸腔共鸣?只用上面的? 会不会听着没根啊。发飘。
: “怎么打击到上面的那个点"
: 这个点在什么位置?
O*e
183 楼
谢谢打这么多。。
我体会一下。。你说打击到那个点,怎么个打击法?从哪个方向?往哪个方向?
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 1
: 不用胸腔共鸣的时候,腹部还是可以发力。不会没根。飘是有一点。
: 底下永远都是保持紧张的。即使唱很小声和低沉的声音。
: 2
: 上面的打击点在硬腭那块。贴个图,说说我听的感觉吧。欢迎讨论和指正。我其实很想
: 听听唱的很专业的人的看法。
: https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-eLdNtGf15iU/T4i-9g-GUPI/AAAAAAAAARU/
: f3GhNLOeARM/s314/%25E9%25BC%25BB%25E5%2592%25BD%25E8%2585%2594.jpg
: 试了下,我打哈欠唱“啊”的位置大概在1那里。美声里边很喜欢说打哈欠的状态唱歌
: ,大概共鸣位置就在那儿吧。
我体会一下。。你说打击到那个点,怎么个打击法?从哪个方向?往哪个方向?
【在 n*******w 的大作中提到】
: 1
: 不用胸腔共鸣的时候,腹部还是可以发力。不会没根。飘是有一点。
: 底下永远都是保持紧张的。即使唱很小声和低沉的声音。
: 2
: 上面的打击点在硬腭那块。贴个图,说说我听的感觉吧。欢迎讨论和指正。我其实很想
: 听听唱的很专业的人的看法。
: https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-eLdNtGf15iU/T4i-9g-GUPI/AAAAAAAAARU/
: f3GhNLOeARM/s314/%25E9%25BC%25BB%25E5%2592%25BD%25E8%2585%2594.jpg
: 试了下,我打哈欠唱“啊”的位置大概在1那里。美声里边很喜欢说打哈欠的状态唱歌
: ,大概共鸣位置就在那儿吧。
O*e
185 楼
谢谢!
牛。。一套一套的。。哈哈
牛。。一套一套的。。哈哈
s*e
186 楼
男:王杰,Phil Collins, Ben E King...
老崔嗓音是糙,可那是老崔,
女:国母,太子妃,睡鼠,刀郎的女徒弟(云朵),
老崔嗓音是糙,可那是老崔,
女:国母,太子妃,睡鼠,刀郎的女徒弟(云朵),
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