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你不知道的两例世界最大,最著名的股票操纵案
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你不知道的两例世界最大,最著名的股票操纵案# Stock
s*r
1
1)Google vs Yahoo.
Yahoo和Google的创史人都是斯坦福电脑系的研究生。他们用的是同样的技术,Yahoo的
创史人还是Google的创史人的师兄。
Yahoo先于Google创办, 并且Yahoo已上市多年。
到现在,Google市值7700亿, Yahoo市值6亿.
2)FaceBook vs MySpace.
先有Myspace,MySpace很好用,MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了
到现在,FaceBook 市值5160亿, MySpace市值1百万.
为何有这么大的区别?
花街与所有的媒体都在替Google,FaceBook做宣传,花街与投行更是打压Yahoo,
MySpace。 因为这些公司背后的创史人不同,Yahoo是台湾人,而Google,FaceBook的
背后是“那”类人。你懂的,美国人懂的。
这就是两例世界最大股票操纵案。
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s*e
2
老黄和苏妈都不是那类人,怎么办
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a*1
3
阴谋论太多对炒股不利,容易给自己找借口。

【在 s**********r 的大作中提到】
: 1)Google vs Yahoo.
: Yahoo和Google的创史人都是斯坦福电脑系的研究生。他们用的是同样的技术,Yahoo的
: 创史人还是Google的创史人的师兄。
: Yahoo先于Google创办, 并且Yahoo已上市多年。
: 到现在,Google市值7700亿, Yahoo市值6亿.
: 2)FaceBook vs MySpace.
: 先有Myspace,MySpace很好用,MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了
: 到现在,FaceBook 市值5160亿, MySpace市值1百万.
: 为何有这么大的区别?
: 花街与所有的媒体都在替Google,FaceBook做宣传,花街与投行更是打压Yahoo,

avatar
k*o
4
1. 同样的鸟技术啊,yahoo根本不重视搜索,yahoo是个indexer with
search function,不是search engine,没有自己开发的搜索引擎和技术。
直到后来google成功了,yahoo才恍然大悟原来搜索也能赚钱,赶紧去收购了
搜索技术公司overture,可是已经大势已去。
2. “MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了”。你tm去google一下能
死吗?myspace和facebook上线时间相差不到半年。
myspace没成功因为myspace做的太烂,跟哪类人有鸟关系。myspace连status
update这个social media的根本概念都没有理解,其理念还停留在九十年代的
“个人主页”概念,让用户每个人都搞一个乱七八糟的homepage。全世界几十亿人
都用脚投票去了facebook,难道还看背后是“哪类人”?
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X*i
5

属实。
不能看穿表象的人,无法发现被深度隐藏的重要真理。
现实世界里,常常“Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction”。
还有另外一个问题,成功的老中往往无必要的打击同胞。
换其它民族,例如印度人,就不会如此。所以印度人成功。

【在 s**********r 的大作中提到】
: 1)Google vs Yahoo.
: Yahoo和Google的创史人都是斯坦福电脑系的研究生。他们用的是同样的技术,Yahoo的
: 创史人还是Google的创史人的师兄。
: Yahoo先于Google创办, 并且Yahoo已上市多年。
: 到现在,Google市值7700亿, Yahoo市值6亿.
: 2)FaceBook vs MySpace.
: 先有Myspace,MySpace很好用,MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了
: 到现在,FaceBook 市值5160亿, MySpace市值1百万.
: 为何有这么大的区别?
: 花街与所有的媒体都在替Google,FaceBook做宣传,花街与投行更是打压Yahoo,

avatar
X*i
6

不重视也是总裁们故意的决定。
那时总裁又一直是什么人了?
各个被空降,各提款几亿后走人。

【在 k**o 的大作中提到】
: 1. 同样的鸟技术啊,yahoo根本不重视搜索,yahoo是个indexer with
: search function,不是search engine,没有自己开发的搜索引擎和技术。
: 直到后来google成功了,yahoo才恍然大悟原来搜索也能赚钱,赶紧去收购了
: 搜索技术公司overture,可是已经大势已去。
: 2. “MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了”。你tm去google一下能
: 死吗?myspace和facebook上线时间相差不到半年。
: myspace没成功因为myspace做的太烂,跟哪类人有鸟关系。myspace连status
: update这个social media的根本概念都没有理解,其理念还停留在九十年代的
: “个人主页”概念,让用户每个人都搞一个乱七八糟的homepage。全世界几十亿人
: 都用脚投票去了facebook,难道还看背后是“哪类人”?

avatar
s*r
7
FaceBook刚出来时,各个电视台,每家报纸,各个收音机频道(开车时许多人听),都
在说Facebook,电视台漂亮女主播更是人人都开个账号,公布到电视节目里。 奥巴马也
是用FaceBook竞选, 就像TRUMP用TWTTER一样。 一时间, 家喻户晓。
你的网页再好,没人捧,没人知道,哪来的用户?而FaceBook有很多人投资, 有了钱
,就可以从别的公司挖到人才,FaceBook的网站就越做越好,电视台免费做广告, 用
户越来越多, 商家也到FaceBook做广告,MySpace到哪去说理?
YAHOO也一样,YAHOO出来时, 就是一个search engine, 放到NETSCAPE里,那是,也
有许多其他search engine, 但YAHOO最好。 YAHOO只是后来才有了其它功能(比如新闻
。。。等), 但GOOGLE出来了,它是花街的最爱,同样的, 媒体全都说GOOGLE。
YAHOO收购overture的目的是收购用户,而不是技术。
你用什么浏览器?如果是PC, 那多半是IE,为何呢?早年有NETSCAPE,但微软在每台PC
里都装上IE, IE开始时, 很烂,NETSCAPE知道的人越来越少,NETSCAPE好不好都没用
,结果是推出舞台。

【在 k**o 的大作中提到】
: 1. 同样的鸟技术啊,yahoo根本不重视搜索,yahoo是个indexer with
: search function,不是search engine,没有自己开发的搜索引擎和技术。
: 直到后来google成功了,yahoo才恍然大悟原来搜索也能赚钱,赶紧去收购了
: 搜索技术公司overture,可是已经大势已去。
: 2. “MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了”。你tm去google一下能
: 死吗?myspace和facebook上线时间相差不到半年。
: myspace没成功因为myspace做的太烂,跟哪类人有鸟关系。myspace连status
: update这个social media的根本概念都没有理解,其理念还停留在九十年代的
: “个人主页”概念,让用户每个人都搞一个乱七八糟的homepage。全世界几十亿人
: 都用脚投票去了facebook,难道还看背后是“哪类人”?

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W*n
8
操纵? better talk Enron
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e*e
9
好视角1234567890


: 操纵? better talk Enron



【在 W***n 的大作中提到】
: 操纵? better talk Enron
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W*n
10
my squirrel friend, I like ur walking posture
avatar
W*n
11
Enron Scandal: The Fall of a Wall Street Darling
Enron Corp. is a company that reached dramatic heights, only to face a
dizzying collapse. The story ends with the bankruptcy of one of America's
largest corporations. Enron's collapse affected the lives of thousands of
employees and shook Wall Street to its core. At Enron's peak, its shares
were worth $90.75, but after the company declared bankruptcy on December 2,
2001, they plummeted to $0.67 by January 2002. To this day, many wonder how
such a powerful business disintegrated almost overnight and how it managed
to fool the regulators with fake, off-the-books corporations for so long.
Enron Named America's Most Innovative Company
Enron was formed in 1985 following a merger between Houston Natural Gas Co.
and Omaha-based InterNorth Inc. Following the merger, Kenneth Lay, who had
been the chief executive officer (CEO) of Houston Natural Gas, became Enron'
s CEO and chairman and quickly rebranded Enron into an energy trader and
supplier. Deregulation of the energy markets allowed companies to place bets
on future prices, and Enron was poised to take advantage.
The era's regulatory environment also allowed Enron to flourish. At the end
of the 1990s, the dot-com bubble was in full swing, and the Nasdaq hit 5,000
. Revolutionary internet stocks were being valued at preposterous levels and
consequently, most investors and regulators simply accepted spiking share
prices as the new normal.
Enron participated by creating Enron Online (EOL), an electronic trading
website that focused on commodities in Oct. 1999. Enron was the counterparty
to every transaction on EOL; it was either the buyer or the seller. To
entice participants and trading partners, Enron offered up its reputation,
credit, and expertise in the energy sector. Enron was praised for its
expansions and ambitious projects and named "America's Most Innovative
Company" by Fortune for six consecutive years between 1996 and 2001.
By mid-2000, EOL was executing nearly $350 billion in trades. At the outset
of the bursting of the dot-com bubble, Enron decided to build high-speed
broadband telecom networks. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on
this project, but the company ended up realizing almost no return.
When the recession began to hit in 2000, Enron had significant exposure to
the most volatile parts of the market. As a result, many trusting investors
and creditors found themselves on the losing end of a vanishing market cap.
The Collapse of a Wall Street Darling
By the fall of 2000, Enron was starting to crumble under its own weight. CEO
Jeffrey Skilling had a way of hiding the financial losses of the trading
business and other operations of the company; it was called mark-to-market
accounting. This is a technique used when trading securities where you
measure the value of a security based on its current market value, instead
of its book value. This can work well for securities, but it can be
disastrous for other businesses.
In Enron's case, the company would build an asset, such as a power plant,
and immediately claim the projected profit on its books, even though it hadn
't made one dime from it. If the revenue from the power plant were less than
the projected amount, instead of taking the loss, the company would then
transfer these assets to an off-the-books corporation, where the loss would
go unreported. This type of accounting enabled Enron to write off losses
without hurting the company's bottom line.
The mark-to-market practice led to schemes that were designed to hide the
losses and make the company appear to be more profitable than it really was.
To cope with the mounting losses, Andrew Fastow, a rising star who was
promoted to CFO in 1998, came up with a devious plan to make the company
appear to be in great shape, despite the fact that many of its subsidiaries
were losing money.
How Did Enron Use SPVs to Hide its Debt?
Fastow and others at Enron orchestrated a scheme to use off-balance-sheet
special purpose vehicles (SPVs), also know as special purposes entities (
SPEs) to hide mountains of debt and toxic assets from investors and
creditors. The primary aim of these SPVs was to hide accounting realities,
rather than operating results.
The standard Enron-to-SPV transaction occurred when Enron transferred some
of its rapidly rising stock to the SPV in exchange for cash or a note. The
SPV would subsequently use the stock to hedge an asset listed on Enron's
balance sheet. In turn, Enron would guarantee the SPV's value to reduce
apparent counterparty risk.
Enron believed that its stock price would keep appreciating — a belief
similar to that embodied by Long-Term Capital Management before its collapse
. Eventually, Enron's stock declined. The values of the SPVs also fell,
forcing Enron's guarantees to take effect. One major difference between
Enron's use of SPVs and standard debt securitization is that its SPVs were
capitalized entirely with Enron stock. This directly compromised the ability
of the SPVs to hedge if Enron's share prices fell. Just as dangerous and
culpable was the second significant difference: Enron's failure to disclose
conflicts of interest. Enron disclosed the SPVs to the investing public—
although it's certainly likely that few understood even that much — but it
failed to adequately disclose the non-arm's length deals between the company
and the SPVs.
Arthur Andersen and Enron: Risky Business
In addition to Andrew Fastow, a major player in the Enron scandal was Enron'
s accounting firm Arthur Andersen LLP and its partner David B. Duncan, who
oversaw Enron's accounts. As one of the five largest accounting firms in the
United States at the time, it had a reputation for high standards and
quality risk management.
However, despite Enron's poor practices, Arthur Andersen offered its stamp
of approval, which was enough for investors and regulators alike, for a
while. This game couldn't go on forever, however, and by April 2001, many
analysts started to question the transparency of Enron's earnings, and
Andersen and Eron were ultimately prosecuted for their reckless behavior.
The Shock Felt Around Wall Street
By the summer of 2001, Enron was in a free fall. CEO Ken Lay had retired in
February, turning over the position to Skilling, and that August, Jeff
Skilling resigned as CEO for "personal reasons." Around the same time,
analysts began to downgrade their rating for Enron's stock, and the stock
descended to a 52-week low of $39.95. By Oct.16, the company reported its
first quarterly loss and closed its "Raptor" SPE, so that it would not have
to distribute 58 million shares of stock, which would further reduce
earnings. This action caught the attention of the SEC.
A few days later, Enron changed pension plan administrators, essentially
forbidding employees from selling their shares, for at least 30 days.
Shortly after, the SEC announced it was investigating Enron and the SPVs
created by Fastow. Fastow was fired from the company that day. Also, the
company restated earnings going back to 1997. Enron had losses of $591
million and had $628 million in debt by the end of 2000. The final blow was
dealt when Dynegy (NYSE: DYN
DYN
Dynegy Inc
11.85
+5.62%
), a company that had previously announced would merge with the Enron,
backed out of its offer on Nov. 28. By Dec. 2, 2001, Enron had filed for
bankruptcy.
Enron Gets a New Name
Once Enron's Plan of Reorganization was approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy
Court, the new board of directors changed Enron's name to Enron Creditors
Recovery Corp. (ECRC). The company's new sole mission was "to reorganize and
liquidate certain of the operations and assets of the 'pre-bankruptcy'
Enron for the benefit of creditors." The company paid its creditors more
than 21.7 billion from 2004-2011. Its last payout was in May 2011.
Enron Execs and Accountants Prosecuted
Once the fraud was discovered, two of the preeminent institutions in U.S.
business, Arthur Andersen LLP, and Enron Corp. found themselves facing
federal prosecution. Arthur Andersen was one of the first casualties of
Enron's prolific demise. In June 2002, the firm was found guilty of
obstructing justice for shredding Enron's financial documents to conceal
them from the SEC. The conviction was overturned later, on appeal; however,
despite the appeal, like Enron, the firm was deeply disgraced by the scandal.
Several of Enron's execs were charged with a slew of charges, including
conspiracy, insider trading, and securities fraud. Enron's founder and
former CEO Kenneth Lay was convicted of six counts of fraud and conspiracy
and four counts of bank fraud. Prior to sentencing, though, he died of a
heart attack in Colorado.
Enron's former star CFO Andrew Fastow plead guilty to two counts of wire
fraud and securities fraud for facilitating Enron's corrupt business
practices. He ultimately cut a deal for cooperating with federal authorities
and served a four-year sentence, which ended in 2011.
Ultimately, though, former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling received the harshest
sentence of anyone involved in the Enron scandal. In 2006, Skilling was
convicted of conspiracy, fraud, and insider trading. Skilling originally
received a 24-year sentence, but in 2013 his sentence was reduced by ten
years. As a part of the new deal, Skilling was required to give $42 million
to the victims of the Enron fraud and to cease challenging his conviction.
Skilling remains in prison and is scheduled for release on Feb. 21, 2028.
New Regulations As a Result of the Enron Scandal
Enron's collapse and the financial havoc it wreaked on its shareholders and
employees led to new regulations and legislation to promote the accuracy of
financial reporting for publicly-held companies. In July of 2002, then-
President George W. Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Act
heightened the consequences for destroying, altering or fabricating
financial records, and for trying to defraud shareholders. (For more on the
2002 Act, read: How The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Era Affected IPOs.)
The Enron scandal resulted in other new compliance measures. Additionally,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) substantially raised its
levels of ethical conduct. Moreover, company's boards of directors became
more independent, monitoring the audit companies and quickly replacing bad
managers. These new measures are important mechanisms to spot and close the
loopholes that companies have used, as a way to avoid accountability.
The Bottom Line
At the time, Enron's collapse was the biggest corporate bankruptcy to ever
hit the financial world. Since then, WorldCom, Lehman Brothers, and
Washington Mutual have surpassed Enron as the largest corporate bankruptcies
. The Enron scandal drew attention to accounting and corporate fraud, as its
shareholders lost $74 billion in the four years leading up to its
bankruptcy, and its employees lost billions in pension benefits. As one
researcher states, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is a "mirror image of Enron: the
company's perceived corporate governance failings are matched virtually
point for point in the principal provisions of the Act." (Deakin and
Konzelmann, 2003). Increased regulation and oversight have been enacted to
help prevent corporate scandals of Enron's magnitude. However, some
companies are still reeling from the damage caused by Enron. Most recently,
in March 2017, a Toronto-based investment firm was granted the okay by a
judge to sue former Enron CEO Jeffery Skilling, Credit Suisse Group AG,
Deutsche Bank AG, Bank of America's Merrill Lynch unit over losses incurred
by purchasing Enron shares.
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W*n
12
"Enron had losses of $591 million and had $628 million in debt by the end of
2000."
typo is huge: million instead of billion :)
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s*r
13
线下操纵。

【在 s**********r 的大作中提到】
: 1)Google vs Yahoo.
: Yahoo和Google的创史人都是斯坦福电脑系的研究生。他们用的是同样的技术,Yahoo的
: 创史人还是Google的创史人的师兄。
: Yahoo先于Google创办, 并且Yahoo已上市多年。
: 到现在,Google市值7700亿, Yahoo市值6亿.
: 2)FaceBook vs MySpace.
: 先有Myspace,MySpace很好用,MySpace存在10年之后,FaceBook才仿制Myspace上线了
: 到现在,FaceBook 市值5160亿, MySpace市值1百万.
: 为何有这么大的区别?
: 花街与所有的媒体都在替Google,FaceBook做宣传,花街与投行更是打压Yahoo,

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