前方有大量机器人出没，请准备……

说起机器人，每个人对其都会展开不同的想象。特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克最近预言，未来地球上的机器人数量将会超过人类的数量”。

Artificial intelligence will usher humanity into an era of abundance where "whatever one desires will be instantly obtainable", according to Elon Musk, CEO of electric vehicle maker Tesla.

7月6日，参观者在一个进行静态展示的特斯拉机器人旁驻足观看。图源：新华社

马斯克是在七月初于上海召开的2023世界人工智能大会上通过视频讲话时做出这个预测的。

Musk made the prediction in a video address to the sixth World Artificial Intelligence Conference, held in Shanghai from July 6 to July 8.

他还表示：“人工智能强大而高效的生产能力，将使人类进入一个富足的‘短缺后时代’。届时，只要你想要的立刻就能够获得了。”

"In the future, it is projected that the number of robots on Earth will surpass the human population," Musk said, adding the powerful and efficient production capabilities of AI will usher humanity into an era of "post-scarcity". 

对于马斯克描述的未来，双语君虽未亲历，但通过在这届世界人工智能大会上展示的二十余款机器人，还是可以管中窥豹，可见一斑。

More than 20 robots were exhibited during this year’s event, many shown to the public for the first time.

在众多新亮相的机器人中，最让双语君印象深刻的还数人形机器人。特斯拉展示了其名为“擎天柱”的人形机器人。这款身高172cm，体重56.6kg的机器人，就是一个正常成年人的身形。机器人全身拥有28个自由度，就如同人体的关节；手部可以灵活地抓握，且力大无比，甚至可以单手举起一台钢琴。

Tesla exhibited its general-purpose worker droid, Optimus. The humanoid robot is 172 centimeters tall and weighs 56.6 kilograms. The shape of an average adult, the robot has 28 structural actuators to help its "body" move freely. Its hands can flex enough to enable the robot to grip, and it can even lift a piano with one hand, according to Tesla. 

目前这款人形机器人可以完成行走、上下楼梯、下蹲和拿取物品等动作，也具备了保护自身和周围人安全的能力。在未来，“他”还可以做饭、修剪草坪、帮助照看老人，抑或是在工厂里面替代人类从事枯燥和有危险的工作。

The robot can walk, climb up and down stairs, squat and fetch objects. It can also protect itself and people nearby. In the future it will be able to cook, mow the lawn, take care of elderly people, and replace humans doing boring and dangerous work in factories.

傅利叶通用人形机器人GR-1

同样在世界人工智能大会上，中国科技初创企业傅利叶智能发布了最新研发的一款通用人形机器人GR-1。

Chinese tech startup Fourier Intelligence unveiled its latest humanoid robot, GR-1, at the conference.

这款机器人身高1.65米，体重55公斤，步行速度可达每小时5公里，且能负重50公斤以上。

Standing 1.65 meters tall and weighing 55 kg, the robot can walk at 5 km per hour and carry a load of up to 50 kg, according to the Shanghai-based company that specializes in rehabilitation robotics and artificial intelligence.

除了具备快速行走、敏捷避障、稳健上下坡、抗冲击干扰等运动功能，这款机器人结合认知智能，还能够与人协同完成动作，在工业、康复、居家、科研等多应用场景潜能巨大。

Using cognitive intelligence provided by tools such as ChatGPT, the robot is capable of collaborating with humans to complete various movements in industry, rehabilitative caring, household services, scientific research and more.

“通用人形机器人将逐渐成为行业主流”，傅利叶智能董事长兼首席执行官顾捷这样对新华社表示。

“General-purpose humanoid robots will gradually become a mainstream segment of the industry,” Gu Jie, founder and CEO of Fourier Intelligence was quoted as saying by Xinhua News Agency. 

人形机器人之余，放眼各领域，我们会发现机器人早已悄悄渗透于我们工作与生活的各个角落，从用于医疗领域的康复机器人，到乒乓球训练的最佳“搭档”，乃至农业和服务业的好“帮手”，机器人这一富含巨大潜力的产业正在重塑中国的千行百业。

From exoskeletons used in physical rehabilitation, to table tennis training partners and farming and services industry labor, the lucrative robotics industry is reshaping work practices and production in China.

在上海人民广场有一家火锅店“雇佣”了11个机器人。从迎送来宾到传送菜品，这些小小的机器人不仅给饕客们带来了新奇的就餐体验，更为商家节省了人工。

Today, in a hot pot restaurant in the city's People's Square, 11 robots are helping staff members welcome guests and deliver dishes. The little robots not only offer diners a novel experience, but are saving the owners money on wages. 

“机器人通常一次可以送三层菜，如果是人工的话可能只能拿一两盘菜，”餐厅的组长兰姐这样说。

"The robots can usually deliver three layers of dishes at one time, but a human being can only bring one or two dishes," said a team leader surnamed Lan at the restaurant. 

在上海闵行区，节卡机器人开发的机器人每天可以制作多达500杯咖啡，并且在咖啡拉花方面堪比“高手”。如此工作量约需两名咖啡师8小时不停的工作，且质量不一定能得到保证。而一台这样的机器人基本可以相当两个人工，在彻底解放餐饮人双手的同时，还节约了成本。在上海市，持证咖啡师月薪在7000至8000元之间。

In Minhang district, a robot developed by Jaka Robotics can make as many as 500 cups of coffee a day and rival a barista in "latte art". It takes two trained baristas eight hours to make 500 cups of coffee, with each earning about 8,000 yuan ($1,120) a month in Shanghai.

“机器人可以广泛应用于咖啡拉花、智慧食堂、新零售等场景，”节卡机器人副总裁孟小波向《中国日报》介绍。

“Businesses like intelligent restaurants, unmanned cafes, and new retailers have great applications for robots,” Meng Xiaobo, vice-president of Jaka Robotics, told China Daily. 

擎朗智能创始人兼首席执行官李通说这些机器人可以代替人类从事重复、枯燥的工作。

Li Tong, founder and CEO of Shanghai-based Keenon Robotics, believes robots are designed to replace humans doing repetitive, boring chores.

“如果以人的一生来做一个比较的话，我们认为国内的送餐机器人经过了婴幼儿时期，目前还是一个青少年的状态，”李通说。目前，擎朗智能的业务已经覆盖了包括北美、欧洲、中东、日本、韩国等国家和地区。

“We believe the Chinese food-service robot sector has passed its infancy and is becoming a teenager,” said Li, whose Shanghai-based company also offers its services and products in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Japan and South Korea. 

在上海体育学院，乒乓球训练机器人在发挥着帮助运动员打磨技能的作用。

At Shanghai University of Sport, a table tennis training partner robot is helping players hone their skills.

这台乒乓机器人于2020年在中乒院训练馆“上岗”，是全球第一台可量产的用机械臂持球拍发球的机器人,上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院常务副院长任杰表示。

The device has been mass produced in China since 2020, said Ren Jie, deputy dean of the China Table Tennis College.

与以往的发球设备不同，中国乒乓球学院研发的机器人复刻了与人类选手竞争的体验。任杰说，这款机器人不仅能够打出落点不一、旋转不同的球，而且可攻可守，能够任意组合固定节奏，给运动员以针对性的加强。

Different from previous ball-serving devices, the robot developed by the China Table Tennis College, replicates the experience of competing against a human player. The degree of difficulty of drop shots, spin and ball speed can be altered to fit players’ practice needs, Ren said. 

与此同时，上海傅利叶智能已经站在了康复机器人领域的前沿，其研发和制造的机器人目前在中外医院帮助患者康复训练。

Meanwhile, Fourier Intelligence in Shanghai is at the forefront of producing rehabilitation robots with AI exoskeletons that are already being used in hospitals in China and overseas.

在这一“装备”的帮助下，下肢残疾人士能重新站起来，出门散步；中风瘫痪患者能摆脱病床，出门买菜。

The AI exoskeletons enable people with lower-limb disabilities to stand up and walk, while they can assist in the rehabilitation of people with paralysis to do activities such as grocery shopping.

总部位于上海的达闼是试图在康养领域站稳脚跟的中国企业之一。以2020年全国总人口数为基数，预计到2035年我国60岁及以上人口将达到约3.1亿。

Shanghai-based CloudMinds Robotics is one of the Chinese companies trying to get a foothold in health care and elderly care sector. China is projected to have about 310 million people aged 60 or above by 2035.

达闼联合创始人汪兵表示目前他们正在研制一款人形双足机器人。据公开信息显示，这款机器人计划于2025年首次亮相。

CloudMinds is in the process of developing a mobile humanoid robot scheduled to be debuted by 2025, said Wang Bing, co-founder of the company.

机器人全身的60多个自主可控智能柔性关节使其可以和人类一样双足行走，实现机器人全身的拟人化灵巧运动和控制。这款拥有与人类最接近身体的机器人，将可以走进人类生活的各个角落，完成上下楼梯、搀扶老人等养老服务。

Equipped with more than 60 intelligent flexible executors, the robot will be capable of walking on two legs and have the movements and flexibility of a human. This should enable it do tasks such as helping senior people go up and down stairs.

来自农人家庭的王金悦有一个创业梦，那就是有一天让干农活不再是一项繁重的苦差事。

Wang Jinyue, the son of a peasant family, started his business with a vision that one day agriculture will no longer be a backbreaking chore.

七年前，王金悦辞去了在互联网企业运营总监的职务，成立了上海点甜网络科技有限公司，开始研发农业机器人。

Seven years ago, he resigned from his position as the operations director of an Internet company and set up Shanghai Sweet AI Technology Co Ltd (Shanghai Sweet AI in short) to invest in agricultural AI robots.

王金悦团队自主研发的机器人产品覆盖了从种到收的各个环节，包括旋耕机器人、作畦机器人、播种机器人、浇灌机器人、除草机器人、收割机器人等等。这些机器人可以通过智能手机在连接北斗卫星导航系统和5G的情况下进行控制。

His robots cover the complete farming process, including rotary plowing, bedding, planting, watering, weeding and harvesting. They can be controlled by smartphones via the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and a 5G connection.

在人形机器人领域，中国企业也在不失时机地与时俱进，这一领域被认为是未来产业发展的重要方向之一。

Chinese manufacturers are also wasting no time in producing human-like robots, the benchmark of the industry.

马斯克曾预计特斯拉的人形机器人售价将低于2万美元。

Musk has projected Tesla's robot will sell for less than $20,000. 

“特斯拉推出的人形机器人‘擎天柱’预示人形机器人未来可以快速落地，引发了行业前景的热烈展望。相关的一些机构预测人形机器人将在未来几年达到可观的市场规模。”上海大学上海机器人研究所副所长李静说。

"The launch of Tesla’s humanoid robot prototype, the Optimus, has sparked heated debate about the outlook of the sector. Some organizations have projected the particular robot will reach sizable market share in the coming years," said Li Jing, deputy director of the Shanghai Robot Institute. 

如果克服诸如产品设计、用例、技术、可负担价格，以及广泛公众接受度等障碍，高盛预测到2035 年人形机器人市场规模将达 1540 亿美元，与电动汽车市场旗鼓相当，相当于 2021 年智能手机市场规模的三分之一。

If hurdles such as product design, uses, technology, affordability and public acceptance can be overcome, Goldman Sachs envisions a market size of up to $154 billion by 2035. The estimate is close to that of the global electrical vehicle market and one-third of the global ‍smartphone market in 2021.

我们蓝色星球的人口在2022年11月15日这天已经达到80亿。试问马斯克的预言如果成真，未来将会有多少机器人伴我们左右？对此，你准备好了吗？

记者：王颖

摄影：高尔强