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提到“缅北”，你想到什么？诈骗，还是诈骗。可是，真的只有诈骗吗？真的只在缅北吗？不止是诈骗。在这些地方，还有性工作者、还有器官贩卖，还有更多你不敢想不敢看的。不止是缅北。因为在非洲等地，同样存在这样的这样的问题。不管是哪个地区、哪种问题，也许都可以用一种共同的总结——“现代奴隶制”。马克思说过：资本主义和以前时代不同，因为工人不再像奴隶一样依附于他人，而是成为自由人，只是“自由得一无所有”，所以要出卖劳动力。但是，马克思没有看到——资本主义不是地球的全部，就像互联网世界里还有所谓的“暗网”一样。而资本主义也并无无辜：如果可以用奴隶，那么为什么还要给劳动力付工资呢？如果可以零成本用工，那是不是比正经企业更有市场竞争力呢？理解现代奴隶制，就要理解“人口贩卖”问题、理解资本主义隐藏之恶、以及边境执法、移民难民甚至国际救助。如果你关切缅北诈骗事件，不妨放宽眼量，看看“现代奴隶制”。在社会学里，以哈佛大学社会学系教授Orlando Patterson为代表对这一现象研究最为充分。有兴趣可以看Theory and Society一刊曾为讨论他的贡献办过的专刊。《清华大学学报》今年还刚发了一篇论文，就是关于Ptterson的著作《奴隶制与社会性死亡》一书的书评。同时，我也推荐下面这个书单：来自麻省理工学院博士Mitali Thakor为该校学生开设的《21世纪的奴隶制和人口贩卖》（Slavery And Human Trafficking In The 21st Century）课程。这个课程共19讲，提供了100篇文献，十分完整、十分系统、十分广阔！
Slavery And Human Trafficking 课程介绍：本课程探讨以强迫劳动和性奴役为目的的人口贩运问题，重点关注其在最近的学术报道和宣传以及其他媒体中的表现。民族志和小说阅读以及媒体分析有助于对过去和现在的现象进行情境化和比较性的理解。它研究了促成这些实践的广泛因素和代理人，例如技术、文化实践、社会和经济条件以及政府和国际组织的作用。该课程还讨论了研究、写作和代表贩运和奴隶制的分析、道德和方法论问题。以下简称[G] = Grant, Melissa Gira. Playing the Whore: The Work of Sex Work. Verso, 2014.以下简称[K] = Kempadoo, Kamala, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanik, eds. Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights. 2nd ed. Paradigm Publishers, 2011. *《人口贩卖和卖淫重新思考：移民、性工作和人权的新视角》（Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights）封面以下简称[M] = Mahdavi, Pardis. Gridlock: Labor, Migration, and Human Trafficking in Dubai. Stanford University Press, 2011.Musto, Jennifer Lynne. “What’s in a Name? Conflations and Contradictions in Contemporary U.S. Discourses of Human Trafficking.”Women’s Studies International Forum 32, no. 4 (2009): 281–87.Goldman, Emma. “The Traffic in Women.” In Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings. Edited by Miriam Schneir. Vintage, 1994. ISBN: 9780679753810.*《Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings》封面Peck, Gunther. “White Slavery and Whiteness: A Transnational View of the Sources of Working-class Radicalism and Racism.”Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 1, no. 2 (2004): 41–63.Kara, Siddharth. “Bonded Labor: An Overview.” Chapter 1 in Bonded Labor: Tackling the System of Slavery in South Asia. Columbia University Press, 2014, pp. 18–20, 22–26, and 27–33. ISBN: 9780231158497. Bahadur, Gaiutra. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. University of Chicago Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780226211381.Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.”Feminist Review 30 (1988): 61–88.[M] Chapter 4: “Migration in Context”。Viederman, Dan. “Supply Chains and Forced Labour After Rana Plaza,”The Guardian, April 24, 2014.Castellanos, Melissa. “La Santa Cecilia ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’ Music Video Pays Tribute to Migrant Workers With Beatles Cover,”Latin Post, August 5, 2014.Rocha, Jose Luis. “Strawberry Fields and Undocumented Workers Forever?”Revista Envío, June 2008.Nordstrom, Carolyn. “Diamonds and Fish: Going Global.” Chapter 11 in Global Outlaws: Crime, Money, and Power in the Contemporary World. University of California Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780520250963. *《全球无法无天：当代世界的犯罪、金钱和权力》书籍封面“The True Cost of Shrimp: How Shrimp Industry Workers in Bangladesh and Thailand Pay the Price for Affordable Shrimp.” (PDF - 2.0MB) The Solidarity Center. January 2008. (Skim)Holmes, Seth M. “‘Oaxacans Like to Work Bent Over’: The Naturalization of Social Suffering among Berry Farm Workers.” International Migration 45, no. 3 (2007): 39–68.Guthman, Julie. “Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: An interview with Seth Holmes.”Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture 14, no. 1 (2014): 1–4.Garsd, Jasmine. “Crossing the Border in the Age of the Selfie.”Fusion, May 28, 2014.Barndt, Deborah. Tangled Routes: Women, Work, and Globalization on the Tomato Trail. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007. ISBN: 9780742555570. *《Tangled Routes: Women, Work, and Globalization on the Tomato Trail》封面Hirsch, Jennifer S. “‘Que, pues, con el pinche NAFTA?’: Gender, Power and Migration between Western Mexico and Atlanta.”Urban Anthropology & Studies of Cultural Systems & World Economic Development 31, no. 3–4 (2002): 351–87.5.移民与越境 Migration & Border CrossingsBhabha, Jacqueline, and Monette Zard. “Smuggled or Trafficked?” (PDF) Forced Migration Review 25 (2006): 6–8.Anzaldúa, Gloria. “The Homeland, Aztlan / El Otro Mexico.” Chapter 1 in Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza. 4th ed. Aunt Lute Books, 2012. ISBN: 9781879960855.*《Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza》封面Zarembka, Joy M. “America’s Dirty Work: Migrant Maids and Modern-Day Slavery.” In Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. Edited by Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild. Holt, 2004. ISBN: 9780805075090.*《Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy》封面Cave, Damien, and Frances Robles. “A Smuggled Girl’s Odyssey of False Promises and Fear,”New York Times, October 5, 2014.Enloe, Cynthia. “‘Just Like One of the Family’: Domestic Servants in World Politics.” Chapter 8 in Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics.（《香蕉、沙滩与基地》）University of California Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780520229129. Wells-Barnett, Ida. “Lynch Law in America.” In Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. Edited by Beverly Guy-Sheftall. The New Press, 1995. ISBN: 9781565842564.*《Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought》封面Broyles, Bill, and Mark Haynes. “On The Line: Chet Wilson.” In Desert Duty: On the Line with the U.S. Border Patrol. University of Texas Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780292723207.———. “On The Line: Jim Runyan.” In Desert Duty: On the Line with the U.S. Border Patrol. University of Texas Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780292723207.Cacho, Lisa Marie. “White Entitlement and Other People’s Crimes.” Chapter 1 in Social Death: Racialized Righteousness and the Criminalization of the Unprotected. New York University Press, 2012. ISBN: 9780814723760. Broyles, Bill, and Mark Haynes. “Conclusion: Before They Die.” and “Acknowledgements.” In Desert Duty: On the Line with the U.S. Border Patrol. University of Texas Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780292723207. ———. “Our Approach, and Acknowledgements.” In Desert Duty: On the Line with the U.S. Border Patrol. University of Texas Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780292723207. Hing, Bill Ong. “The Failed Enforcement Approach: ‘There Ain’t No Reason to Treat Them Like Animals’.” Chapter 6 in Ethical Borders: NAFTA, Globalization, and Mexican Migration. Temple University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9781592139255.Holmes, Seth M. “‘Is it Worth Risking Your Life?’: Ethnography, Risk, and Death on the U.S.-Mexico Border.”Social Science & Medicine 99 (2013): 153–61.Feldman, Gregory. “Biometrics: Where Isn’t the Security Threat?” Chapter 5 in The Migration Apparatus: Security, Labor, and Policymaking in the European Union. Stanford University Press, 2011. ISBN: 9780804761079.*《The Migration Apparatus: Security, Labor, and Policymaking in the European Union》封面Cacho, Lisa Marie. “Grafting Terror onto Illegality.” Chapter 3 in Social Death: Racialized Righteousness and the Criminalization of the Unprotected. New York University Press, 2012. ISBN: 9780814723760. Burks, Tosten. “An Artist’s Pioneering Masks Shield Us from Future Surveillance.”Good, January 2015.Nordstrom, Carolyn. “The Cultures of Cops.” Chapter 15 in Global Outlaws: Crime, Money, and Power in the Contemporary World. University of California Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780520250963.Beah, Ishmael. Excerpts from A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. Sarah Crichton Books, 2008. ISBN: 9780374531263.*《A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier》封面Bolkovac, Kathryn, and Cari Lynn. Excerpts from The Whistleblower: Sex Trafficking, Military Contractors, and One Woman’s Fight for Justice. St. Martin’s Griffin, 2011. ISBN: 9780230115224. Kimura, Maki. “Listening to Voices: Testimonies of ‘Comfort Women’ of the Second World War.” (PDF) London School of Economics, Gender Institute. April 2003.Enloe, Cynthia. “Base Women.” Chapter 4 in Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. University of California Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780520229129. Fox, Mary-Jane. “Girl Soldiers: Human Security and Gendered Security.” Security Dialogue 35, no. 4 (2004): 465–79.Parsons, Brian. “Significant Steps or Empty Rhetoric? Current Efforts by the United States to Combat Sexual Trafficking Near Military Bases.”Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights 4, no. 3 (2006): 567–89.Moniruzzaman, Monir. “‘Living Cadavers’ in Bangladesh: Bioviolence in the Human Organ Bazaar.”Medical Anthropology Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2012): 69–91.Bilefsky, Dan. “Black Market for Body Parts Spreads Among the Poor in Europe,”New York Times, June 28, 2012.Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. “Organs Trafficking: The Real, the Unreal and the Uncanny.”Annals of Transplantation 11, no. 3 (2006): 16–30.———. “Mr. Tati’s Holiday and João’s Safari - Seeing the World Through Transplant Tourism.” Body & Society 17, no. 2–3 (2011): 55–92.———. “The Last Commodity: Post-Human Ethics and the Global Traffic in ‘Fresh’ Organs.” Chapter 9 in Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Edited by Aihwa Ong and Stephen J. Collier. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. ISBN: 9781405123587.Roy, Modhumita. “Foreign Babies / Indian Make: Outsourcing Reproduction in the Age of Globalization.”Chapter 3 in Locating Cultural Change: Theory, Method, Process. Edited by Partha Pratim Basu and Ipshita Chanda. Sage Publications, 2011. ISBN: 9788132105763. Joyce, Kathryn. “Inside the Boom.” Chapter 4 in The Child Catchers: Rescue, Trafficking, and the New Gospel of Adoption. PublicAffairs, 2013. ISBN: 9781586489427. Spar, Debora L. “For Love and Money: The Political Economy of Commercial Surrogacy.”Review of International Political Economy 12, no. 2 (2005): 287–309.Markens, Susan. Surrogate Motherhood and the Politics of Reproduction. University of California Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780520252042.Briggs, Laura. Somebody’s Children: The Politics of Transracial and Transnational Adoption. Duke University Press, 2012. ISBN: 9780822351610. Joyce, Kathryn. “Preface.” In The Child Catchers: Rescue, Trafficking, and the New Gospel of Adoption. PublicAffairs, 2013. ISBN: 9781586489427. Sex, Chains, & High Heels: Anti-Trafficking CampaignsAndrijasevic, Rutvika. “Beautiful Dead Bodies: Gender, Migration, and Representation in Anti-Trafficking Campaigns.”Feminist Review, no. 86 (2007): 24–44.Doezema, Jo. “Ouch! Western Feminists’ ‘Wounded Attachment’ to the ‘Third World Prostitute.’”Feminist Review, no. 67 (2001): 16–38.Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.”Feminist Review 30 (1988): 61–88. (Skim)Kristof, Nicholas. “Raiding a Brothel in India,”New York Times, May 25, 2011.Agustín, Laura. “The Soft Side of Imperialism: Kristof and the Rescue Industry.”CounterPunch, January 2012.Soderlund, Gretchen. “Running from the Rescuers: New U.S. Crusades against Sex Trafficking and the Rhetoric of Abolition.”National Women’s Studies Association Journal 17, no. 3 (2005): 64–87.Bruxvoort, Dana. “The Untold Side of Raids and Rescues: Rethinking Anti-Trafficking Efforts.” Human Trafficking Center.Agustín, Laura Maria. Sex At the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry. Zed Books, 2007. ISBN: 9781842778609.*《Sex At the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry》封面———. “The Conceit of Nicholas Kristof: Rescuing Sex Slaves as Saintliness.” The Naked Anthropologist. November 22, 2011.McClintock, Anne. “The Limits of Colonial Feminism.” In Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. Routledge, 2015. ISBN: 9781138835054.Finnegan, William. “The Countertraffickers: Rescuing the Victims of the Global Sex Trade.”The New Yorker, May 5, 2008.Power, Samantha. “The Enforcer: A Christian Lawyer’s Global Crusade.”The New Yorker, January 19, 2009.[M] Chapter 3: “Sex Work.”[G] Chapter 4: “The Debate.”Hoang, Kimberly Kay. “‘She’s Not a Low-Class Dirty Girl!’: Sex Work in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.”Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 40, no. 4 (2011): 367–96.[G] Chapter 2: “The Prostitute.”[G] Chapter 3: “The Work.”Grant, Melissa Gira. “Happy Hookers: Sex Workers and Their Would-Be Saviors.”Jacobin, August 2012.Farley, Melissa. “Bad for the Body, Bad for the Heart: Prostitution Harms Women if Legalized or Decriminalized.”Violence Against Women 10, no. 10 (2004): 1087–125.[K] Sanghera, Jyoti. “Unpacking the Trafficking Discourse.”Kulick, Don. “The Pleasure of Prostitution.” Chapter 4 in Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes. University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780226461007. Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar. “Trafficked? Filipino Hostesses in Tokyo’s Nightlife Industry.”Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 18 (2006): 145–80.Allison, Anne. “Introduction.” In Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club. University of Chicago Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780226014876.So, Christine. “Asian Mail-Order Brides, the Threat of Global Capitalism, and the Rescue of the U.S. Nation-State.”Feminist Studies 32, no. 2 (2006): 395–419.Hossain, Mashrur Shahid. “Enforced Ab/normalcy: The Sex Worker Hijras and the (re)appropriation of s/he Identity.” In Sex Work Matters: Exploring Money, Power, and Intimacy in the Sex Industry. Edited by Melissa Hope Ditmore, Antonia Levy, and Alys Willman. Zed Books, 2010. ISBN: 9781848134348.Doezema, Jo. “Now You See Her, Now You Don’t: Sex Workers at the UN Trafficking Protocol Negotiations.”Social Legal Studies 14, no. 1 (2005): 61–89.Barry, Kathleen. “Abolishing Prostitution: A Feminist Human Rights Treaty.” Women’s Media Center, August 28, 2012.Hatcher, Marian. “‘Pretty Woman’ and the Ugly Truth about Prostitution,”Huffington Post, April 18, 2015.Crouch, David. “Swedish Prostitution Law Targets Buyers, but Some Say It Hurts Sellers,”New York Times, March 14, 2015.“Boston Takes a Stand against Commercial Sexual Exploitation.” Demand Abolition.Who We Are, Coalition against Trafficking in Women.Basic Principles of GAATW, Global Alliance against Traffic in Women.Sex Trafficking, International Justice Mission.100 Countries and Their Prostitution Policies, ProCon.Kulick, Don. “Introduction.” In Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes. University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780226461007. Bernstein, Elizabeth. “Militarized Humanitarianism Meets Carceral Feminism: The Politics of Sex, Rights, and Freedom in Contemporary Antitrafficking Campaigns.”Signs 36, no. 1 (2010): 45–72.Strangio, Chase. “When Walking Down The Street Is a Crime.” American Civil Liberties Union, August 5, 2014.Puar, Jasbir K. Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Duke University Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780822341147.Chapkis, Wendy. “Trafficking, Migration, and the Law: Protecting Innocents, Punishing Immigrants.”Gender & Society 17, no. 6 (2003): 923–37.Flavin, Jeanne. “Feminism for the Mainstream Criminologist: An Invitation.” Journal of Criminal Justice 29, no. 4 (2001): 271–85.Dow, Mark. “September 11: Secrecy, Disruption, and Continuity.” Chapter 2 in American Gulag: Inside U.S. Immigration Prisons. University of California Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780520239425.Sudbury, Julie. “Women of Color, Globalization, and the Politics of Incarceration.” Chapter 12 in The Criminal Justice System and Women: Offenders, Prisoners, Victims & Workers. Edited by Barbara Raffel Price and Natalie Sokoloff. McGraw-Hill Humanities / Social Sciences / Languages, 2003. ISBN: 9780072463996.Brydum, Sunnivie. “Arizona Activist Found Guilty of ‘Walking While Trans’.”The Advocate, April 15, 2014.[G] Chapter 6: “The Peephole.”Kristof, Nicholas. “Where Pimps Peddle Their Goods,”New York Times, March 17, 2012.Musto, Jennifer Lynne, and Danah Boyd. “The Trafficking-Technology Nexus.”Social Politics 21, no. 3 (2014): 461–83.Thakor, Mitali, and Danah Boyd. “Networked Trafficking: Reflections on Technology and the Anti-trafficking Movement.”Dialectical Anthropology 37, no. 2 (2013): 277–90.Hoang, Kimberly Kay. Excerpts from Dealing in Desire: Asian Ascendancy, Western Decline, and the Hidden Currencies of Global Sex Work. University of California Press, 2015. ISBN: 9780520275577.Dank, Meredith, Jennifer Yahner, et al. “Surviving the Streets of New York: Experiences of LGBTQ Youth, YMSM, and YWSW Engaged in Survival Sex.” Urban Institute, February 25, 2015.18.强壮美丽的身体：运动员、模特 Strong Beautiful Bodies: Athletes, ModelsGordon, Ian. “Inside Major League Baseball’s Dominican Sweatshop System.”Mother Jones, March / April 2013.“Realities Behind America’s Favorite Pastime: The Dominican Republic’s Cheap Labor Bazaar for the Major Leagues.” Council on Hemispheric Affairs, April 20, 2010.Ruck, Rob. “Baseball’s Recruitment Abuses.”Americas Quarterly, 2011Maguire, Joseph, and Mark Falcous, eds. Sport and Migration: Borders, Boundaries and Crossings. Routledge, 2010. ISBN: 9780415498340.Regalado, Samuel O. “‘Latin Players on the Cheap:’ Professional Baseball Recruitment in Latin America and the Neocolonialist Tradition.”Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 8, no. 1 (2000): 9–20.Bazelon, Emily. “The Price of a Stolen Childhood.”New York Times Magazine, January 24, 2013.Monicabulger. “Sexting, Minors, and U.S. Legislation: When Laws Intended to Protect Have Unintended Consequences.”Internet Monitor 2014: Platforms and Policy, January 6, 2014.Sky, Jennifer. “When Will the Fashion Industry Treat Underage Models Like the Children They Are?”New Republic, February 23, 2015.Livingstone, Sonia, and Monica Bulger. “A Global Research Agenda for Children’s Rights in the Digital Age.”Journal of Children and Media 8, no. 4 (2014): 317–35.编辑/审核：Andy
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