如何避免JavaScript中的内存泄漏？

来源 | OSCHINA 社区

作者 | 葡萄城技术团队

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/powertoolsteam/blog/10122640

前言

1. 为未声明的变量赋值

2. 使用 this 指向全局对象。

function createGlobalVariables() {
  leaking1 = 'I leak into the global scope'; // 为未声明的变量赋值
  this.leaking2 = 'I also leak into the global scope'; // 使用this指向全局对象
};
createGlobalVariables();
window.leaking1; 
window.leaking2;

function outer() {
  const potentiallyHugeArray = [];

  return function inner() {
    potentiallyHugeArray.push('Hello'); // function inner is closed over the potentiallyHugeArray variable
    console.log('Hello');
  };
};
const sayHello = outer(); // contains definition of the function inner

function repeat(fn, num) {
  for (let i = 0; i < num; i++){
    fn();
  }
}
repeat(sayHello, 10); // each sayHello call pushes another 'Hello' to the potentiallyHugeArray

// now imagine repeat(sayHello, 100000)

function setCallback() {
  const data = {
    counter: 0,
    hugeString: new Array(100000).join('x')
  };

  return function cb() {
    data.counter++; // data object is now part of the callback's scope
    console.log(data.counter);
  }
}

setInterval(setCallback(), 1000); // how do we stop it?

1. 注意定时器回调引用的对象。

2. 必要时取消定时器。

function setCallback() {
  // 'unpacking' the data object
  let counter = 0;
  const hugeString = new Array(100000).join('x'); // gets removed when the setCallback returns

  return function cb() {
    counter++; // only counter is part of the callback's scope
    console.log(counter);
  }
}

const timerId = setInterval(setCallback(), 1000); // saving the interval ID

// doing something ...

clearInterval(timerId); // stopping the timer i.e. if button pressed

1. 通过 removeEventListener () 移除。

2. 相关联的 DOM 元素被移除。

const hugeString = new Array(100000).join('x');

document.addEventListener('keyup', function() { // anonymous inline function - can't remove it
  doSomething(hugeString); // hugeString is now forever kept in the callback's scope
});

那么如何避免这种情况呢？可以通过 removeEventListener () 释放监听器：

function listener() {
  doSomething(hugeString);
}

document.addEventListener('keyup', listener); // named function can be referenced here...
document.removeEventListener('keyup', listener); // ...and here

如果事件监听器只需要运行一次，addEventListener () 可以带有第三个参数，一个提供附加选项的对象。只要将 {once: true} 作为第三个参数传递给 addEventListener ()，监听器将在事件处理一次后自动删除。

document.addEventListener('keyup', function listener() {
  doSomething(hugeString);
}, {once: true}); // listener will be removed after running once

let user_1 = { name: "Peter", id: 12345 };
let user_2 = { name: "Mark", id: 54321 };
const mapCache = new Map();

function cache(obj){
  if (!mapCache.has(obj)){
    const value = `${obj.name} has an id of ${obj.id}`;
    mapCache.set(obj, value);

    return [value, 'computed'];
  }

  return [mapCache.get(obj), 'cached'];
}

cache(user_1); // ['Peter has an id of 12345', 'computed']
cache(user_1); // ['Peter has an id of 12345', 'cached']
cache(user_2); // ['Mark has an id of 54321', 'computed']

console.log(mapCache); // ((…) => "Peter has an id of 12345", (…) => "Mark has an id of 54321")
user_1 = null; // removing the inactive user

// Garbage Collector
console.log(mapCache); // ((…) => "Peter has an id of 12345", (…) => "Mark has an id of 54321") // first entry is still in cache

let user_1 = { name: "Peter", id: 12345 };
let user_2 = { name: "Mark", id: 54321 };
const weakMapCache = new WeakMap();

function cache(obj){
  // ...same as above, but with weakMapCache

  return [weakMapCache.get(obj), 'cached'];
}

cache(user_1); // ['Peter has an id of 12345', 'computed']
cache(user_2); // ['Mark has an id of 54321', 'computed']
console.log(weakMapCache); // ((…) => "Peter has an id of 12345", (…) => "Mark has an id of 54321"}
user_1 = null; // removing the inactive user

// Garbage Collector

console.log(weakMapCache); // ((…) => "Mark has an id of 54321") - first entry gets garbage collected

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