从反文化阵营的英雄到诺奖
这是十年前看完马丁－斯科西斯的《归乡无路》后写的一篇短文，炒个冷饭来祝贺鲍勃－迪伦因为“在伟大的美国歌曲传统中创造了一种新的诗意表达”而获得诺奖。
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８０年代中国年轻人对西方文化的认识实际上只涵盖１９世纪的范畴，就自己来说对２０世纪的西方文化认识只停留在十几个人身上（萨特，T.S.爱略特，海明威, 等）。第一次接触美国当代文化是三卷套的美国文学史论丛。从Malcolm Cowley《流放者的归来——二十世纪二十年代的文学流浪生涯》开始，到Larzer Ziff的《一八九零年代的美国--迷惘的一代人的岁月》和Morris Dickstein的《伊甸园之门--六十年代美国文化》（上海外语教育出版社出版）。当时的感觉仿佛是开启了天窗，看到自己顶礼膜拜的美国文化的真实面貌。《伊甸园之门》描述的美国六十年代的民权运动，反文化校园抗争，民歌复兴运动等等，特别切合了８０年代末中国大学校园的民主自由的变更氛围。从鲍勃－迪伦身上仿佛找到了自己的精神兄长，从他的歌词中我们找到了自己的声音。当时校园里流行的美国乡村歌曲１０１首收录了很多六十年代的民歌。其中的几首“答案在风中飘”，“沉默的声音”，“斯卡博落集市”更是口耳相传，几乎人人会唱。２０年后我才知道“答案在风中飘”其实是迪伦的作品。
马丁－斯科西斯的《归乡无路》才发现真正的鲍勃－迪伦并不象书中描绘的那样是自觉的反文化英雄, 他是个特立独行的歌者。从明尼苏达的小镇出发，短短几年鲍勃－迪伦成为纽约反文化阵营的英雄，为爱伦－金斯堡视为垮掉一代的接棒人，实在是个奇迹。他的师传来自名歌，乡村，蓝调和早期的摇滚乐，特别是深受三，四十年代的民歌手伍迪－噶斯瑞的影响。老旧的唱片和波西米亚人的生活方式是他早期的灵感来源，他像海绵一样吸收各种音乐元素和思想，从演唱，改编别人的作品到自写自唱。在古老的民歌旋律演绎反体制的和社会批判。如圣灵附体，鲍勃－迪伦在他的歌中把住了一个时代的脉搏，他是预言者，是巫师（Shaman)在山巅宣告一个新时代的来临（金斯堡语）。他的歌(Blowin' in the Wind)在民权运动中，在向华盛顿进军中被广为传唱，成为那个时代的代言歌。然而鲍勃－迪伦并不想只成为左翼的歌手，他拒绝成为政治和意识行态的传声筒，当他把木吉他和口琴换成电吉他，唱出“像一块滚石”后，他被民歌运动的同志和支持者视为“犹大”。然而他继续走在自己的道路上。
１９９７年看克林顿在肯尼迪中心授以鲍勃－迪伦勋章，蓬乱的长发，紧身衣裤，老迪伦一副讪讪的样子。当时我想，当年他们这代人所反对的体制在４０年后终于收编了鲍勃－迪伦。
在网上古狗，发现迪伦这个立陶宛犹太人的后代在１９８０年成了重生的基督徒。
Mr. Tambourine Man
Bob Dylan
Lyrics
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there ain't no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you
Though I know that evenings empire has returned into sand
Vanished from my hand
Left me blindly here to stand but still not sleeping
My weariness amazes me, I'm branded on my feet
I have no one to meet
And the ancient empty street's too dead for dreaming
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there ain't no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you
Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
My senses have been stripped
My hands can't feel to grip
My toes too numb to step
Wait only for my boot heels to be wandering
I'm ready to go anywhere, I'm ready for to fade
Into my own parade
Cast your dancing spell my way, I promise to go under it
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there ain't no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you
Though you might hear laughing, spinning, swinging madly through the sun
It's not aimed at anyone
It's just escaping on the run
And but for the sky there are no fences facing
And if you hear vague traces of skipping reels of rhyme
To your tambourine in time
It's just a ragged clown behind
I wouldn't pay it any mind
It's just a shadow you're seeing that he's chasing
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there ain't no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you
Take me disappearing through the smoke rings of my mind
Down the foggy ruins of time
Far past the frozen leaves
The haunted frightened trees
Out to the windy bench
Far from the twisted reach of crazy sorrow
Yes, to dance beneath the diamond sky
With one hand waving free
Silhouetted by the sea
Circled by the circus sands
With all memory and fate
Driven deep beneath the waves
Let me forget about today until tomorrow
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there ain't no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you