学习笔记，婴儿智力开发

摘抄

Remember:

? Newness, change, and excitement motivate learning.

? Habituation and novelty preference reflect children's ability to encode quickly and correspond to their attention, perception, and cognition.

? The brain is highly responsive to novelty.

? Exploration sets up opportunities for learning

? Play is children's prime motivator.

? Play enhances self-control and experimentation.

? Play enhances children's learning in school much more effectively than formal academic preparation.

? Taking away recess and free play harms children's cognitive development.

? Play promotes brain development.

? Our brains and cognitive skills have developed in the service of social relationships.

? Community joining is a premier motivator.

? Joining the community bootstraps children, seamlessly, into learning the most complex skills of their lives, including language use and reading.

? Confidence helps children try and practice new things.

? Overconfidence has positive effects on competence and cognitive gains.

? Visualizing success increases the likelihood of success.

? To the brain, thinking about doing something is not much different from actually doing it.

”Habituation can also be used to assess infants' learning after birth. Infants will look at something when they are interested and turn to look away when they become bored. So if we show an infant a repeated display of events until he or she looks away and then switch to a new display (which may be only slightly different), we can determine whether the infant noticed the difference. The habituation response has been linked to both attention and language. Studies have shown that young infants who habituate quickly to complex events have greater vocabularies as toddlers than those for whom habituation takes longer (Dixon & Smith, 2008; Tamis-Lemonda & Bornstein, 1989). Habituation assessments in the first year of life also predict IQ between 1 and 8 years of age (McCall & Carriger, 1993). Rapid habituation reflects the ability to quickly encode an event into memory and to recognize it easily when it is presented again.”

http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/112003/chapters/Understanding-Children's-Motivation.aspx?