Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood progenitors# Biology - 生物学
j*e
1 楼
rt 回答的好有包子
h*y
2 楼
Scientists turn human skin into blood
Scientists at McMaster University have discovered how to make human blood
from adult human skin.
The discovery could mean that people needing blood for surgery, cancer
treatment or treatment of blood conditions like anemia will be able to have
blood created from a patch of their own skin to provide transfusions.
Clinical trials could begin as soon as 2012.
The researchers have also shown that the conversion is direct. Making blood
from skin does not require the middle step of changing a skin stem cell into
a pluripotent stem cell that could make many other types of human cells,
then turning it into a blood stem cell.
The discovery was replicated several times over two years using human skin
from both young and old people to prove it works for any age of person.
Citation: Eva Szabo, Shravanti Rampalli, Ruth M. Risueño, Angelique
Schnerch, Ryan Mitchell, Aline Fiebig-Comyn, Marilyne Levadoux-Martin,
Mickie Bhatia, 'Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood
progenitors', Nature November 7th 2010 doi:10.1038/nature09591
Abstract:
As is the case for embryo-derived stem cells, application of reprogrammed
human induced pluripotent stem cells is limited by our understanding of
lineage specification. Here we demonstrate the ability to generate
progenitors and mature cells of the haematopoietic fate directly from human
dermal fibroblasts without establishing pluripotency. Ectopic expression of
OCT4 (also called POU5F1)-activated haematopoietic transcription factors,
together with specific cytokine treatment, allowed generation of cells
expressing the pan-leukocyte marker CD45. These unique fibroblast-derived
cells gave rise to granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic and erythroid
lineages, and demonstrated in vivo engraftment capacity. We note that adult
haematopoietic programs are activated, consistent with bypassing the
pluripotent state to generate blood fate: this is distinct from
haematopoiesis involving pluripotent stem cells, where embryonic programs
are activated. These findings demonstrate restoration of multipotency from
human fibroblasts, and suggest an alternative approach to cellular
reprogramming for autologous cell-replacement therapies that avoids
complications associated with the use of human pluripotent stem cells.
Scientists at McMaster University have discovered how to make human blood
from adult human skin.
The discovery could mean that people needing blood for surgery, cancer
treatment or treatment of blood conditions like anemia will be able to have
blood created from a patch of their own skin to provide transfusions.
Clinical trials could begin as soon as 2012.
The researchers have also shown that the conversion is direct. Making blood
from skin does not require the middle step of changing a skin stem cell into
a pluripotent stem cell that could make many other types of human cells,
then turning it into a blood stem cell.
The discovery was replicated several times over two years using human skin
from both young and old people to prove it works for any age of person.
Citation: Eva Szabo, Shravanti Rampalli, Ruth M. Risueño, Angelique
Schnerch, Ryan Mitchell, Aline Fiebig-Comyn, Marilyne Levadoux-Martin,
Mickie Bhatia, 'Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood
progenitors', Nature November 7th 2010 doi:10.1038/nature09591
Abstract:
As is the case for embryo-derived stem cells, application of reprogrammed
human induced pluripotent stem cells is limited by our understanding of
lineage specification. Here we demonstrate the ability to generate
progenitors and mature cells of the haematopoietic fate directly from human
dermal fibroblasts without establishing pluripotency. Ectopic expression of
OCT4 (also called POU5F1)-activated haematopoietic transcription factors,
together with specific cytokine treatment, allowed generation of cells
expressing the pan-leukocyte marker CD45. These unique fibroblast-derived
cells gave rise to granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic and erythroid
lineages, and demonstrated in vivo engraftment capacity. We note that adult
haematopoietic programs are activated, consistent with bypassing the
pluripotent state to generate blood fate: this is distinct from
haematopoiesis involving pluripotent stem cells, where embryonic programs
are activated. These findings demonstrate restoration of multipotency from
human fibroblasts, and suggest an alternative approach to cellular
reprogramming for autologous cell-replacement therapies that avoids
complications associated with the use of human pluripotent stem cells.
n*e
3 楼
可以的
入境不看ds160，有时候返程机票也不看，就问去干什么，呆多久
担心不会英语的话，可以事先写一封给签证官的信解释要去哪些地方玩，为什么要六个月
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
入境不看ds160，有时候返程机票也不看，就问去干什么，呆多久
担心不会英语的话，可以事先写一封给签证官的信解释要去哪些地方玩，为什么要六个月
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
a*d
4 楼
Within few years, scientists should be able to convert fell fates as they
wish.
wish.
S*I
5 楼
只要签证上没加注就可以。
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
n*k
6 楼
the iPS hypo still not done yet...although researches along this line are
very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
any factors....
【在 a****d 的大作中提到】
: Within few years, scientists should be able to convert fell fates as they
: wish.
very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
any factors....
【在 a****d 的大作中提到】
: Within few years, scientists should be able to convert fell fates as they
: wish.
j*e
7 楼
他是在visa上面的annotation上面加注吗？
【在 S**I 的大作中提到】
: 只要签证上没加注就可以。
【在 S**I 的大作中提到】
: 只要签证上没加注就可以。
b*l
8 楼
MEF 的 piPS 已经做成了吧。
they
【在 n********k 的大作中提到】
: the iPS hypo still not done yet...although researches along this line are
: very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
: any factors....
they
【在 n********k 的大作中提到】
: the iPS hypo still not done yet...although researches along this line are
: very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
: any factors....
S*I
9 楼
是
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: 他是在visa上面的annotation上面加注吗？
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: 他是在visa上面的annotation上面加注吗？
n*k
10 楼
?
【在 b*****l 的大作中提到】
: MEF 的 piPS 已经做成了吧。
:
: they
【在 b*****l 的大作中提到】
: MEF 的 piPS 已经做成了吧。
:
: they
J*a
11 楼
那最多三个月
【在 S**I 的大作中提到】
: 是
a*d
12 楼
You are right, iPSCs hypo is still there. It's just such a crowded field now
and people are going nuts to compete for publishing.People from out lab
just found almost identical xx cell derived iPCSs results being published.
Those disease iPSCs models will continue to water on top journals for sure.
Along with that, reprogramming becomes hotter and hotter. For the next few
years, people still have to rely on TFs for reprogramming. Large small
molecular screening is on the way to replace those TFs ultimately, but won't
be that easy form my point of view.
Even though we can make iPSCs or reprogram cell types, it's still a long way
to go for clinical propose. Maybe blood system related treatment can
benefit from those study first since the transplantation works so well for
blood system. But for other parts of the body, especially central nervous
system, I won't foresee any application from iPSCs or reprogramming cells in
next few years.Geron's hESC clinical trial will tell more about cell
transplantation for CNS disease treatment, and how difficult it will be.
【在 n********k 的大作中提到】
: the iPS hypo still not done yet...although researches along this line are
: very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
: any factors....
and people are going nuts to compete for publishing.People from out lab
just found almost identical xx cell derived iPCSs results being published.
Those disease iPSCs models will continue to water on top journals for sure.
Along with that, reprogramming becomes hotter and hotter. For the next few
years, people still have to rely on TFs for reprogramming. Large small
molecular screening is on the way to replace those TFs ultimately, but won't
be that easy form my point of view.
Even though we can make iPSCs or reprogram cell types, it's still a long way
to go for clinical propose. Maybe blood system related treatment can
benefit from those study first since the transplantation works so well for
blood system. But for other parts of the body, especially central nervous
system, I won't foresee any application from iPSCs or reprogramming cells in
next few years.Geron's hESC clinical trial will tell more about cell
transplantation for CNS disease treatment, and how difficult it will be.
【在 n********k 的大作中提到】
: the iPS hypo still not done yet...although researches along this line are
: very much valuable...I think the next going to be direct F- to any without
: any factors....
n*e
13 楼
尽量不要6个月 如果超过3个月 尽量想好每个月都干什么 列个详细的表 不然入境的
时候移民官如果问的很详细容易懵 一般入境给6个月停留时间
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
时候移民官如果问的很详细容易懵 一般入境给6个月停留时间
【在 j**e 的大作中提到】
: rt 回答的好有包子
m*1
14 楼
我婶婶今年四月份去上海签证的时候，我在表上帮她填的是两个月旅游，但是我买了六
个月的往返票。她在旧金山入境的时候，被送到小黑屋，我接到了入境官的电话，问我
为什么我婶婶申请签证的时候写的是两个月，买得确是六个月的往返票。我当时都愣住
了，因为我正往机场去接我婶婶。我也不知道为什么他知道申请签证的时候写的是两个
月。我结结巴巴的告诉入境官，我订了六个月的机票，如果我婶婶不喜欢美国我可以随
时给她改机票。如果她比较适应这里，就呆六个月。然后入境官又问我关于我婶婶在国
内的职业，为什么叔叔没来，国内有没有小孩，我有没有小孩，我现在是什么身份，问
了一大堆问题。 我婶婶出来后告诉我入境官也问了她同样的问题。那个狡猾的入境官
想核对一下我们俩的答案是否一样。还好我们俩的答案都是一样。不过他还是给六个月
的时间。
个月的往返票。她在旧金山入境的时候，被送到小黑屋，我接到了入境官的电话，问我
为什么我婶婶申请签证的时候写的是两个月，买得确是六个月的往返票。我当时都愣住
了，因为我正往机场去接我婶婶。我也不知道为什么他知道申请签证的时候写的是两个
月。我结结巴巴的告诉入境官，我订了六个月的机票，如果我婶婶不喜欢美国我可以随
时给她改机票。如果她比较适应这里，就呆六个月。然后入境官又问我关于我婶婶在国
内的职业，为什么叔叔没来，国内有没有小孩，我有没有小孩，我现在是什么身份，问
了一大堆问题。 我婶婶出来后告诉我入境官也问了她同样的问题。那个狡猾的入境官
想核对一下我们俩的答案是否一样。还好我们俩的答案都是一样。不过他还是给六个月
的时间。
a*n
15 楼
我婆婆签证的时候写的3个月，机票买的4个半月，从LA入境，入境官只问了来美国做什
么，回答旅游看儿子，然后就给了半年
我感觉入境官差异应该还是挺大的，nice的不care你到底订了几个月的机票
么，回答旅游看儿子，然后就给了半年
我感觉入境官差异应该还是挺大的，nice的不care你到底订了几个月的机票
q*g
16 楼
这个发生几率非常大。
夫妻一起的话，被怀疑的几率小一些。
【在 m**1 的大作中提到】
: 我婶婶今年四月份去上海签证的时候，我在表上帮她填的是两个月旅游，但是我买了六
: 个月的往返票。她在旧金山入境的时候，被送到小黑屋，我接到了入境官的电话，问我
: 为什么我婶婶申请签证的时候写的是两个月，买得确是六个月的往返票。我当时都愣住
: 了，因为我正往机场去接我婶婶。我也不知道为什么他知道申请签证的时候写的是两个
: 月。我结结巴巴的告诉入境官，我订了六个月的机票，如果我婶婶不喜欢美国我可以随
: 时给她改机票。如果她比较适应这里，就呆六个月。然后入境官又问我关于我婶婶在国
: 内的职业，为什么叔叔没来，国内有没有小孩，我有没有小孩，我现在是什么身份，问
: 了一大堆问题。 我婶婶出来后告诉我入境官也问了她同样的问题。那个狡猾的入境官
: 想核对一下我们俩的答案是否一样。还好我们俩的答案都是一样。不过他还是给六个月
: 的时间。
夫妻一起的话，被怀疑的几率小一些。
【在 m**1 的大作中提到】
: 我婶婶今年四月份去上海签证的时候，我在表上帮她填的是两个月旅游，但是我买了六
: 个月的往返票。她在旧金山入境的时候，被送到小黑屋，我接到了入境官的电话，问我
: 为什么我婶婶申请签证的时候写的是两个月，买得确是六个月的往返票。我当时都愣住
: 了，因为我正往机场去接我婶婶。我也不知道为什么他知道申请签证的时候写的是两个
: 月。我结结巴巴的告诉入境官，我订了六个月的机票，如果我婶婶不喜欢美国我可以随
: 时给她改机票。如果她比较适应这里，就呆六个月。然后入境官又问我关于我婶婶在国
: 内的职业，为什么叔叔没来，国内有没有小孩，我有没有小孩，我现在是什么身份，问
: 了一大堆问题。 我婶婶出来后告诉我入境官也问了她同样的问题。那个狡猾的入境官
: 想核对一下我们俩的答案是否一样。还好我们俩的答案都是一样。不过他还是给六个月
: 的时间。
i*t
17 楼
我160好像也写的 2个半月
怎们办？ 我想让父母住 半年啊
入关会审查这个吗
怎们办？ 我想让父母住 半年啊
入关会审查这个吗
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