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问个基因组的问题

问个基因组的问题# Biology - 生物学

j*r2012-07-18 07:07

1 楼

人类基因组测序是完成了。但是每个人的基因序列是不一样的，每个种族也有差别。那
么这个基因组测序得到的信息是某个人还是某个人种的？怎么通过基因序列区分同种族
不同人，以及不同种族？
人和猴的基因可能90％以上是相同的，这些相同的基因序列表现在生物特征上人和猴有
90％的相同么？

i*n2012-07-18 07:07

2 楼

科普请看 http://baike.baidu.com/view/640045.htm

【在 j*****r 的大作中提到】

: 人类基因组测序是完成了。但是每个人的基因序列是不一样的，每个种族也有差别。那
: 么这个基因组测序得到的信息是某个人还是某个人种的？怎么通过基因序列区分同种族
: 不同人，以及不同种族？
: 人和猴的基因可能90％以上是相同的，这些相同的基因序列表现在生物特征上人和猴有
: 90％的相同么？

j*r2012-07-18 07:07

3 楼

mtDNA 和Y DNA只是其中的一部分吧。以前学过生物只是遗传方面知识基本没有。问的
问题可能比较肤浅，还望能详细解答一下。多谢。

【在 i*******n 的大作中提到】

: 科普请看 http://baike.baidu.com/view/640045.htm

e*e2012-07-18 07:07

4 楼

人类基因组测序是完成了。但是每个人的基因序列是不一样的，每个种族也有差别。那
么这个基因组测序得到的信息是某个人还是某个人种的？
The reference genome is what it is: a reference. It's actually a chimeric of
multiple individuals from different populations, and it is not meant to be
used to study human variation.
Study of the differences among individuals/populations are in the field of
population genetics.
Projects such as the HapMap project and the 1000 Genome project are aimed at
identifying the difference (i.e., genetic variation) among human
individuals/populations.
怎么通过基因序列区分同种族不同人，以及不同种族？
The simple answer is you can distinguish individuals/populations by the
differences among them. Although the human genomes are >99% similar to each
other, there are still millions of differences between each pair of
individual genomes. In the simplest term, by counting the number of
difference among individuals (i.e., genetic distances), you can distinguish
individuals from different populations. Methods using more information, such
as linkage disequilibrium, can also estimate the relatedness of individuals
based on the genomic data.
人和猴的基因可能90％以上是相同的，这些相同的基因序列表现在生物特征上人和猴有
90％的相同么？
It all depends on how you define "生物特征". With that being said, a lot of
traits are determined by differences beyond the DNA sequence (i.e.,
epigenetics). This is a very active research field and we still have a lot
to learn.

【在 j*****r 的大作中提到】

j*p2012-07-18 07:07

5 楼

try this: https://www.23andme.com/
some schools have discount.

【在 j*****r 的大作中提到】

u*12012-07-18 07:07

6 楼

Actually the reference genome comes from mixed samples of different
individuals of different populations.
So it's just the "reference", it's not even the major allele. The SNP
identified by comparing sequences of case with reference is "alternative
allele", not "minor allele". For a long time I used to think bases in
reference genome are "major allele", which is true most of time, but not
definitely true.
Why we need "reference genome" is because it's still challenging to directly
sequence the whole human genome and easily assemble them due to sequencing
capability, for example the length of reads, and also computational
difficulty. The alternative way is to compare the short reads with reference
to look for SNP/indel to illustrate the genome variability.

【在 j*****r 的大作中提到】

j*r2012-07-18 07:07

7 楼

多谢这么详细的回答，算是比较清楚了。

of
be
at

【在 e*******e 的大作中提到】

: 人类基因组测序是完成了。但是每个人的基因序列是不一样的，每个种族也有差别。那
: 么这个基因组测序得到的信息是某个人还是某个人种的？
: The reference genome is what it is: a reference. It's actually a chimeric of
: multiple individuals from different populations, and it is not meant to be
: used to study human variation.
: Study of the differences among individuals/populations are in the field of
: population genetics.
: Projects such as the HapMap project and the 1000 Genome project are aimed at
: identifying the difference (i.e., genetic variation) among human
: individuals/populations.

j*r2012-07-18 07:07

8 楼

多谢。由于不同人的很多基因序列不相同，这样会导致没有一个标准的模板。那么在基
因突变上如何确定某段序列是因为人之间的差异造成的还是由于基因突变导致的不同？

directly
sequencing

【在 u*********1 的大作中提到】

: Actually the reference genome comes from mixed samples of different
: individuals of different populations.
: So it's just the "reference", it's not even the major allele. The SNP
: identified by comparing sequences of case with reference is "alternative
: allele", not "minor allele". For a long time I used to think bases in
: reference genome are "major allele", which is true most of time, but not
: definitely true.
: Why we need "reference genome" is because it's still challenging to directly
: sequence the whole human genome and easily assemble them due to sequencing
: capability, for example the length of reads, and also computational