i-140 Successor-in-Interest 的研究以及相关AC21法案的思考# EB23 - 劳工卡
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我爱人的公司最近从它的母公司分离出来单独成立了一家公司。我们的PD是六月份
current,因为公司律师要file i-140 Successor-in-Interest,因此我爱人和她的同
事都有些紧张,不知道会不会对我们交485有什么影响。我在网上查了一下,无论是英
文的还是中文都很少有对i-140 Successor-in-Interest有具体的讨论。由此我想把我
所调查的内容写出来,抛砖引玉;大家共同对这个内容有所了解,由此能够帮助到别人
。如果我有说的不对的地方,请大家指正!
1 什么是i-140 Successor-in-Interest(SII)?
我从网上找到了关于他的一些定义:
http://www.usavisanow.com/perm/perm-faq/successor-in-interest/
If a company has been acquired, merged or had a significant change in its
ownership, the new or reorganized
entity is generally considered a successor-in-interest (“Successor”) to
the originally existing company.
In the immigration law context, the Successor is "required" to submit
documentation evidencing that it has
assumed the rights, duties, obligations and assets of the original
employer and that it will be liable for
the employment of the beneficiary subject to the terms set forth in the
labor certification and I-140 Petition.
Here the keyword is "required".
http://www.immigration.com/faq/form-i-140/i-140-successor-interest
Is any action required when an I-140 sponsoring employer undergoes
acquisition, merger, or restructuring?
ANSWER:
If the I-140 petition is still pending, then USCIS needs to be notified
in writing of the change. If the I-140
is already approved, then an amendment needs to be filed by the successor
-in-interest petitioner. Note that the
successor-in-interest petitioner "must take over" the rights and
liabilities of the earlier petitioner", including
the immigration matters.
You can see there's a "must take over".
从定义里面我们可以看出两点:
1.1 140 SII 是移民局要求file的,由于140本身是公司的财产;因此后继公司必须
继承原来的140。The 140 SII is required
to file by law, and it's an obligation for the employer in terms of
immigration law.
1.2 140 SII 的本意是“继承”前公司的140。因此,按照字面的意思, 140 SII并
不会使得前面的140变为void。因此,不管140
SII的结果如何,只要原来的公司不撤销,旧的140都是有效的.
结论1.2实际上是很重要的。这是我的一个猜测,为了验证这个猜测,我google了一
下到底什么样的情况会使得140变成void。
目前我知道的只有两个情况:第一,原公司撤销140。第二,原公司不再存在从而移
民局关闭140。对于第二个情况,我猜测
移民局能做的很有限。并且,由于AC21法案的条款,即使是140void也有方法规避。
我们会在下面继续谈到。
总之,我的结论是,不管SII的结果如何,是否在pending;它最起码都不影响我们
file 485。因为我们总有一个有效的140以
及PD在手上。
2 当我们file 了485,如果律师也同时file了SII;那么SII被deny究竟会不会导致我
们的485也失败?
这里就需要我们来援引AC21法案来理解我们的情况了。皮匠有一篇很好的文章在这里
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/14332/200711/37365.html
我的分析也基于皮匠所援引的材料。
In 2005, USCIS published some guidance for AC21 act to clarify some
problems.
See the link http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/Static_Files_Memoranda/Archives%201998-2008/2005/ac21intrm122705.pdf:
"Interim guidance for processing I-140 employment-based immigrant
petitions and I-485 and H-1B petitions
affected by AC21 (Public Law 106-313) - USCIS Interoffice Memorandum 12/
27/05"
Question 1. How should service centers or district offices process
unapproved I-140 petitions that were concurrently
filed with I-485 applications that have been pending 180 days in relation
to the I-140 portability provisions under
§106(c) of AC21?
Answer: If it is discovered that a beneficiary has ported off of an
unapproved I-140 and I-485 that has been pending
for 180 days or more, the following procedures should be applied:
A. Review the pending I-140 petition to determine if the preponderance of
the evidence establishes that the case is
approvable or would have been approvable had it been adjudicated within
180 days. If the petition is approvable but
for an ability to pay issue or any other issue relating to a time after
the filing of the petition, approve the
petition on it’s merits. Then adjudicate the adjustment of status
application to determine if the new position is
the same or similar occupational classification for I-140 portability
purposes.
B. If a request for additional evidence (RFE) is necessary to resolve a
material issue, other than post-filing
issues such as ability to pay, an RFE can be issued to try to resolve the
issue. When a response is received,
and if the petition is approvable, follow the procedures in part A above.
- Page 2 of 8
这个question实际上指明了移民官会怎样判断。我的理解是,移民官要判断;当这
个140还在pending的时候(注意,这里140最终
是被deny的了),根据AC21法案受益人所提供的证据是否足够证明485可以被批准。
否则需要发RFE要求进一步的材料。这里的重点是,
140被批准不再相关!
当然,这里有一个前提条件;就是需要满足AC21法案的条件。那么,AC21法案的条
件究竟是什么呢?
下面我们援引皮匠的话来理解:
AC21 act(American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) 106(c) -
10/17/2000)See the item j:
(j) JOB FLEXIBILITY FOR LONG DELAYED APPLICANTS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS
TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE.— A petition
under subsection (a)(1)(D) for an individual whose application for
adjustment of status pursuant to section
245 has been filed and remained unadjudicated for 180 days or more shall
remain valid with respect to a new
job if the individual changes jobs or employers if the new job is in the
same or a similar occupational
classification as the job for which the petition was filed." - Page 4 of
15
上面提到了两个条件:1 是提交了 I-485 超过 180 天还没有结果;2 是申请人的
新工作和原来的相同或相似。只要满足这两条,
申请人的 I-485 就保持有效,即使换了新工作。
在这里,180 天指的是 I-485 的未决,似乎并没有特别指明换工作必须是在 I-485
提交 180 天后方能进行。
在上面提到的faq中,question 1其实着重提到了180天内换工作的问题。皮匠也提
到了这一条。现在让我们来仔细看看:
Question 10. Should service centers or district offices deny portability
cases on the sole basis that the
alien has left his or her employment with the I-140 petitioner prior to
the I-485 application pending for 180 days?
Answer: No. The basis for adjustment is not actual (current) employment
but prospective employment. Since there is no
requirement that the alien have ever been employed by the petitioner
while the I-140 and/or I-485 was pending,
the fact that an alien left the I-140 petitioner before the I-485 has
been pending 180 days will not necessarily
render the alien ineligible to port. However, in all cases an offer of
employment must have been bona fide.
This means that, as of the time the I-140 was filed and at the time of
filing the I-485 if not filed concurrently,
the I-140 petitioner must have had the intent to employ the beneficiary,
and the alien must have intended to undertake the
employment, upon adjustment. Adjudicators should not presume absence of
such intent and may take the I-140 and supporting
documents themselves as prima facie evidence of such intent, but in
appropriate cases additional evidence or investigation
may be appropriate.
- Page 4 of 8
注意到这里的话:
The basis for adjustment is not actual (current) employment but
prospective employment.
判断的依据是雇佣关系是否在将来能够成立。
Since there is no requirement that the alien have ever been employed by
the petitioner while the I-140 and/or
I-485 was pending,
case pending的时候并不要求受益人为petitioner工作
他后面的英文是什麽意思?我的理解是,雇主应该曾经有意愿(must have had
intent)雇佣受益人,而受益人也必须曾经有意愿
(must have intended to undertake)受雇佣。这是对于雇佣关系真实性的考量。
但是他强调了,这不应该作为证据否定485。但是在需要的情况下,需要更多的证据表
明雇佣关系的真实性 。因此,受益人可以在180天换工作(但是这可能会招来雇佣关系
真实性的RFE).
综合上面所有的分析,我们的结论是:
1 可以用旧的140file 485(对于SII进行中的情况);
2 只要出示合理的EVL,只要case pending180天;SII批准与否不影响485的批准。
current,因为公司律师要file i-140 Successor-in-Interest,因此我爱人和她的同
事都有些紧张,不知道会不会对我们交485有什么影响。我在网上查了一下,无论是英
文的还是中文都很少有对i-140 Successor-in-Interest有具体的讨论。由此我想把我
所调查的内容写出来,抛砖引玉;大家共同对这个内容有所了解,由此能够帮助到别人
。如果我有说的不对的地方,请大家指正!
1 什么是i-140 Successor-in-Interest(SII)?
我从网上找到了关于他的一些定义:
http://www.usavisanow.com/perm/perm-faq/successor-in-interest/
If a company has been acquired, merged or had a significant change in its
ownership, the new or reorganized
entity is generally considered a successor-in-interest (“Successor”) to
the originally existing company.
In the immigration law context, the Successor is "required" to submit
documentation evidencing that it has
assumed the rights, duties, obligations and assets of the original
employer and that it will be liable for
the employment of the beneficiary subject to the terms set forth in the
labor certification and I-140 Petition.
Here the keyword is "required".
http://www.immigration.com/faq/form-i-140/i-140-successor-interest
Is any action required when an I-140 sponsoring employer undergoes
acquisition, merger, or restructuring?
ANSWER:
If the I-140 petition is still pending, then USCIS needs to be notified
in writing of the change. If the I-140
is already approved, then an amendment needs to be filed by the successor
-in-interest petitioner. Note that the
successor-in-interest petitioner "must take over" the rights and
liabilities of the earlier petitioner", including
the immigration matters.
You can see there's a "must take over".
从定义里面我们可以看出两点:
1.1 140 SII 是移民局要求file的,由于140本身是公司的财产;因此后继公司必须
继承原来的140。The 140 SII is required
to file by law, and it's an obligation for the employer in terms of
immigration law.
1.2 140 SII 的本意是“继承”前公司的140。因此,按照字面的意思, 140 SII并
不会使得前面的140变为void。因此,不管140
SII的结果如何,只要原来的公司不撤销,旧的140都是有效的.
结论1.2实际上是很重要的。这是我的一个猜测,为了验证这个猜测,我google了一
下到底什么样的情况会使得140变成void。
目前我知道的只有两个情况:第一,原公司撤销140。第二,原公司不再存在从而移
民局关闭140。对于第二个情况,我猜测
移民局能做的很有限。并且,由于AC21法案的条款,即使是140void也有方法规避。
我们会在下面继续谈到。
总之,我的结论是,不管SII的结果如何,是否在pending;它最起码都不影响我们
file 485。因为我们总有一个有效的140以
及PD在手上。
2 当我们file 了485,如果律师也同时file了SII;那么SII被deny究竟会不会导致我
们的485也失败?
这里就需要我们来援引AC21法案来理解我们的情况了。皮匠有一篇很好的文章在这里
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/14332/200711/37365.html
我的分析也基于皮匠所援引的材料。
In 2005, USCIS published some guidance for AC21 act to clarify some
problems.
See the link http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/Static_Files_Memoranda/Archives%201998-2008/2005/ac21intrm122705.pdf:
"Interim guidance for processing I-140 employment-based immigrant
petitions and I-485 and H-1B petitions
affected by AC21 (Public Law 106-313) - USCIS Interoffice Memorandum 12/
27/05"
Question 1. How should service centers or district offices process
unapproved I-140 petitions that were concurrently
filed with I-485 applications that have been pending 180 days in relation
to the I-140 portability provisions under
§106(c) of AC21?
Answer: If it is discovered that a beneficiary has ported off of an
unapproved I-140 and I-485 that has been pending
for 180 days or more, the following procedures should be applied:
A. Review the pending I-140 petition to determine if the preponderance of
the evidence establishes that the case is
approvable or would have been approvable had it been adjudicated within
180 days. If the petition is approvable but
for an ability to pay issue or any other issue relating to a time after
the filing of the petition, approve the
petition on it’s merits. Then adjudicate the adjustment of status
application to determine if the new position is
the same or similar occupational classification for I-140 portability
purposes.
B. If a request for additional evidence (RFE) is necessary to resolve a
material issue, other than post-filing
issues such as ability to pay, an RFE can be issued to try to resolve the
issue. When a response is received,
and if the petition is approvable, follow the procedures in part A above.
- Page 2 of 8
这个question实际上指明了移民官会怎样判断。我的理解是,移民官要判断;当这
个140还在pending的时候(注意,这里140最终
是被deny的了),根据AC21法案受益人所提供的证据是否足够证明485可以被批准。
否则需要发RFE要求进一步的材料。这里的重点是,
140被批准不再相关!
当然,这里有一个前提条件;就是需要满足AC21法案的条件。那么,AC21法案的条
件究竟是什么呢?
下面我们援引皮匠的话来理解:
AC21 act(American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) 106(c) -
10/17/2000)See the item j:
(j) JOB FLEXIBILITY FOR LONG DELAYED APPLICANTS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS
TO PERMANENT RESIDENCE.— A petition
under subsection (a)(1)(D) for an individual whose application for
adjustment of status pursuant to section
245 has been filed and remained unadjudicated for 180 days or more shall
remain valid with respect to a new
job if the individual changes jobs or employers if the new job is in the
same or a similar occupational
classification as the job for which the petition was filed." - Page 4 of
15
上面提到了两个条件:1 是提交了 I-485 超过 180 天还没有结果;2 是申请人的
新工作和原来的相同或相似。只要满足这两条,
申请人的 I-485 就保持有效,即使换了新工作。
在这里,180 天指的是 I-485 的未决,似乎并没有特别指明换工作必须是在 I-485
提交 180 天后方能进行。
在上面提到的faq中,question 1其实着重提到了180天内换工作的问题。皮匠也提
到了这一条。现在让我们来仔细看看:
Question 10. Should service centers or district offices deny portability
cases on the sole basis that the
alien has left his or her employment with the I-140 petitioner prior to
the I-485 application pending for 180 days?
Answer: No. The basis for adjustment is not actual (current) employment
but prospective employment. Since there is no
requirement that the alien have ever been employed by the petitioner
while the I-140 and/or I-485 was pending,
the fact that an alien left the I-140 petitioner before the I-485 has
been pending 180 days will not necessarily
render the alien ineligible to port. However, in all cases an offer of
employment must have been bona fide.
This means that, as of the time the I-140 was filed and at the time of
filing the I-485 if not filed concurrently,
the I-140 petitioner must have had the intent to employ the beneficiary,
and the alien must have intended to undertake the
employment, upon adjustment. Adjudicators should not presume absence of
such intent and may take the I-140 and supporting
documents themselves as prima facie evidence of such intent, but in
appropriate cases additional evidence or investigation
may be appropriate.
- Page 4 of 8
注意到这里的话:
The basis for adjustment is not actual (current) employment but
prospective employment.
判断的依据是雇佣关系是否在将来能够成立。
Since there is no requirement that the alien have ever been employed by
the petitioner while the I-140 and/or
I-485 was pending,
case pending的时候并不要求受益人为petitioner工作
他后面的英文是什麽意思?我的理解是,雇主应该曾经有意愿(must have had
intent)雇佣受益人,而受益人也必须曾经有意愿
(must have intended to undertake)受雇佣。这是对于雇佣关系真实性的考量。
但是他强调了,这不应该作为证据否定485。但是在需要的情况下,需要更多的证据表
明雇佣关系的真实性 。因此,受益人可以在180天换工作(但是这可能会招来雇佣关系
真实性的RFE).
综合上面所有的分析,我们的结论是:
1 可以用旧的140file 485(对于SII进行中的情况);
2 只要出示合理的EVL,只要case pending180天;SII批准与否不影响485的批准。