G3258悲剧了！# Hardware - 计算机硬件
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http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6329/1022
Summary
Universalism—the evaluation of scientists' achievements based on merit
alone rather than on functionally irrelevant factors (1–3)—has long been
an unquestioned norm in science. Its existence is best illustrated by the
reactions of outrage whenever a violation of universalism in science is
exposed. For example, a study by Moss-Racusin et al. received a lot of
attention in the scientific community because it found that when assessing
application materials, science faculty rated students with male names as
more competent than students who were otherwise identical but had been given
female names (4). In a recent study, Fisman et al. (5) find evidence for
favoritism in Chinese science: The election of membership to the two most
prestigious scientific organizations, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), appears to be influenced by “
guanxi,” or social network, as measured by hometown ties between candidates
and selection committee members.
Summary
Universalism—the evaluation of scientists' achievements based on merit
alone rather than on functionally irrelevant factors (1–3)—has long been
an unquestioned norm in science. Its existence is best illustrated by the
reactions of outrage whenever a violation of universalism in science is
exposed. For example, a study by Moss-Racusin et al. received a lot of
attention in the scientific community because it found that when assessing
application materials, science faculty rated students with male names as
more competent than students who were otherwise identical but had been given
female names (4). In a recent study, Fisman et al. (5) find evidence for
favoritism in Chinese science: The election of membership to the two most
prestigious scientific organizations, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), appears to be influenced by “
guanxi,” or social network, as measured by hometown ties between candidates
and selection committee members.
