让华人受益的法律知识——窃取商业机密和商业间谍# WaterWorld - 未名水世界
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【本人非法律专业，
这些法律知识（后面有英文原文）仅供参考，希望海外华人受益】
－－－
窃取商业机密（Theft of Trade Secrets）——
简单来说就是明知故犯地把技术从原来的物主那里给“搞”走。
商业间谍（Economic Espionage），是把技术“搞”到外国受益。
这里●特别强调●，“外国”并不单是指外国的政府，
还包括了外国政府所明显控制的机构、以及政府的agent（官员、员工、代理等）。
先寻求几个案例————
有没有谁不小心某一次email发错了对象导致泄密，被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有“搞”了技术，到美国另一家公司工作，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有“搞”了技术，到国外退休隐居，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有自己发明专利后到其他国家建厂，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
再拿天津大学这几位大仙的案子为例——
明知故犯——check
“搞”走——check
外国受益——check
（感兴趣的自己务必去查看起诉书一一核对，有30来页。人一辈子总要看一次法律文书）
－－
What is Economic Espionage, Title 18 U.S.C., Section 1831?
Economic espionage is (1) whoever knowingly performs targeting or
acquisition of trade secrets to (2) knowingly benefit any foreign government
, foreign instrumentality,
or foreign agent.
What is Theft of Trade Secrets, Title 18 U.S.C., Section 1832?
Theft of trade secrets is (1) whoever knowingly performs targeting or
acquisition of trade secrets or intends to convert a trade secret to (2)
knowingly benefit anyone other than the owner. Commonly referred to as
industrial espionage.
What are trade secrets?
Trade secrets are all forms and types of financial, business, scientific,
technical, economic or engineering information, including patterns, plans,
compilations, program devices, formulas, designs, prototypes, methods,
techniques, processes, procedures, programs, or codes, whether tangible or
intangible, and whether or how stored, complied, or memorialized physically,
electronically, graphically, photographically or in writing, (1) which the
owner has taken reasonable measures to protect; and (2) which have an
independent economic value from not being generally known to the public.
Commonly referred to as proprietary information, economic policy information
, trade information, proprietary technology, or critical technology.
What are some methods of targeting or acquiring trade secrets?
Steal, conceal, or carry away by fraud, artifice, or deception;
Copy, duplicate, sketch, draw, photograph, download, upload, alter, destroy,
photocopy, replicate, transmit, deliver, send, mail, communicate, or convey
; and,
Receive, buy, or possess a trade secret, knowing the same to have been
stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization.
Who is a foreign agent and what is a foreign instrumentality?
A foreign agent is any officer, employee, proxy, servant, delegate, or
representative of a foreign government.
The EEA defines a foreign instrumentality as any agency, bureau, ministry,
component, institution, association or any legal, commercial or business
organization, corporation, firm, or entity that is substantially owned,
controlled, sponsored, commanded, managed, or dominated by a foreign
government.
这些法律知识（后面有英文原文）仅供参考，希望海外华人受益】
－－－
窃取商业机密（Theft of Trade Secrets）——
简单来说就是明知故犯地把技术从原来的物主那里给“搞”走。
商业间谍（Economic Espionage），是把技术“搞”到外国受益。
这里●特别强调●，“外国”并不单是指外国的政府，
还包括了外国政府所明显控制的机构、以及政府的agent（官员、员工、代理等）。
先寻求几个案例————
有没有谁不小心某一次email发错了对象导致泄密，被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有“搞”了技术，到美国另一家公司工作，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有“搞”了技术，到国外退休隐居，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
有没有自己发明专利后到其他国家建厂，然后被起诉商业间谍的？
再拿天津大学这几位大仙的案子为例——
明知故犯——check
“搞”走——check
外国受益——check
（感兴趣的自己务必去查看起诉书一一核对，有30来页。人一辈子总要看一次法律文书）
－－
What is Economic Espionage, Title 18 U.S.C., Section 1831?
Economic espionage is (1) whoever knowingly performs targeting or
acquisition of trade secrets to (2) knowingly benefit any foreign government
, foreign instrumentality,
or foreign agent.
What is Theft of Trade Secrets, Title 18 U.S.C., Section 1832?
Theft of trade secrets is (1) whoever knowingly performs targeting or
acquisition of trade secrets or intends to convert a trade secret to (2)
knowingly benefit anyone other than the owner. Commonly referred to as
industrial espionage.
What are trade secrets?
Trade secrets are all forms and types of financial, business, scientific,
technical, economic or engineering information, including patterns, plans,
compilations, program devices, formulas, designs, prototypes, methods,
techniques, processes, procedures, programs, or codes, whether tangible or
intangible, and whether or how stored, complied, or memorialized physically,
electronically, graphically, photographically or in writing, (1) which the
owner has taken reasonable measures to protect; and (2) which have an
independent economic value from not being generally known to the public.
Commonly referred to as proprietary information, economic policy information
, trade information, proprietary technology, or critical technology.
What are some methods of targeting or acquiring trade secrets?
Steal, conceal, or carry away by fraud, artifice, or deception;
Copy, duplicate, sketch, draw, photograph, download, upload, alter, destroy,
photocopy, replicate, transmit, deliver, send, mail, communicate, or convey
; and,
Receive, buy, or possess a trade secret, knowing the same to have been
stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization.
Who is a foreign agent and what is a foreign instrumentality?
A foreign agent is any officer, employee, proxy, servant, delegate, or
representative of a foreign government.
The EEA defines a foreign instrumentality as any agency, bureau, ministry,
component, institution, association or any legal, commercial or business
organization, corporation, firm, or entity that is substantially owned,
controlled, sponsored, commanded, managed, or dominated by a foreign
government.