j*n
2 楼
Primary theoretical foundation: McMillan and Chavis
McMillan & Chavis's (1986) theory (and instrument) are the most broadly
validated and widely utilized in this area in the psychological literature.
They prefer the abbreviated label "sense of community", and propose that
sense of community is composed of four elements.
[edit]Four elements of sense of community
There are four elements of "sense of community" according to the McMillan &
Chavis theory:
[edit]Membership
Membership includes five attributes:
boundaries
emotional safety
a sense of belonging and identification
personal investment
a common symbol system
[edit]Influence
Influence works both ways: members need to feel that they have some
influence in the group, and some influence by the group on its members is
needed for group cohesion.
[edit]Integration and fulfillment of needs
Members feel rewarded in some way for their participation in the community.
[edit]Shared emotional connection
The "definitive element for true community" (1986, p. 14), it includes
shared history and shared participation (or at least identification with the
history).
[edit]Dynamics within and between the elements
McMillan & Chavis (1986) give the following example to illustrate the
dynamics within and between these four elements (p. 16):
Someone puts an announcement on the dormitory bulletin board about the
formation of an intramural dormitory basketball team. People attend the
organizational meeting as strangers out of their individual needs (
integration and fulfillment of needs). The team is bound by place of
residence (membership boundaries are set) and spends time together in
practice (the contact hypothesis). They play a game and win (successful
shared valent event). While playing, members exert energy on behalf of the
team (personal investment in the group). As the team continues to win, team
members become recognized and congratulated (gaining honor and status for
being members). Someone suggests that they all buy matching shirts and shoes
(common symbols) and they do so (influence).
McMillan & Chavis's (1986) theory (and instrument) are the most broadly
validated and widely utilized in this area in the psychological literature.
They prefer the abbreviated label "sense of community", and propose that
sense of community is composed of four elements.
[edit]Four elements of sense of community
There are four elements of "sense of community" according to the McMillan &
Chavis theory:
[edit]Membership
Membership includes five attributes:
boundaries
emotional safety
a sense of belonging and identification
personal investment
a common symbol system
[edit]Influence
Influence works both ways: members need to feel that they have some
influence in the group, and some influence by the group on its members is
needed for group cohesion.
[edit]Integration and fulfillment of needs
Members feel rewarded in some way for their participation in the community.
[edit]Shared emotional connection
The "definitive element for true community" (1986, p. 14), it includes
shared history and shared participation (or at least identification with the
history).
[edit]Dynamics within and between the elements
McMillan & Chavis (1986) give the following example to illustrate the
dynamics within and between these four elements (p. 16):
Someone puts an announcement on the dormitory bulletin board about the
formation of an intramural dormitory basketball team. People attend the
organizational meeting as strangers out of their individual needs (
integration and fulfillment of needs). The team is bound by place of
residence (membership boundaries are set) and spends time together in
practice (the contact hypothesis). They play a game and win (successful
shared valent event). While playing, members exert energy on behalf of the
team (personal investment in the group). As the team continues to win, team
members become recognized and congratulated (gaining honor and status for
being members). Someone suggests that they all buy matching shirts and shoes
(common symbols) and they do so (influence).
j*n
3 楼
I hope you understand my point. We are building a virtual community. Fencing
out ipad/iphone is not better than providing belonging sense. Negative
never win over love...
out ipad/iphone is not better than providing belonging sense. Negative
never win over love...
l*r
4 楼
恩，建议取消高速公路，跑车，自行车，行人，一家亲。
j*n
5 楼
那我也恩一个，以后飞机打飞机，坦克打坦克，别欺负赤脚，拿人家刷分。这样高速公
路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
h*g
6 楼
同意这个，实在没意思
但是不同意分开等级玩，跟高手打才能进步快嘛
但是不同意分开等级玩，跟高手打才能进步快嘛
l*r
7 楼
恩，挺好。只要老刑不怕麻烦。
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那我也恩一个，以后飞机打飞机，坦克打坦克，别欺负赤脚，拿人家刷分。这样高速公
: 路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那我也恩一个，以后飞机打飞机，坦克打坦克，别欺负赤脚，拿人家刷分。这样高速公
: 路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
j*n
8 楼
那是你以为的。想进步快，你把所有信号背下来，包括张数信号，对子信号这些不常用
的，然后找个和你一样认真的对家，你一天就能刷一百分，几天你就升天。用韩少的话
说，拖拉机是个p，谁也别装b。
【在 h*********g 的大作中提到】
: 同意这个，实在没意思
: 但是不同意分开等级玩，跟高手打才能进步快嘛
的，然后找个和你一样认真的对家，你一天就能刷一百分，几天你就升天。用韩少的话
说，拖拉机是个p，谁也别装b。
【在 h*********g 的大作中提到】
: 同意这个，实在没意思
: 但是不同意分开等级玩，跟高手打才能进步快嘛
j*g
9 楼
haha....
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那我也恩一个，以后飞机打飞机，坦克打坦克，别欺负赤脚，拿人家刷分。这样高速公
: 路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那我也恩一个，以后飞机打飞机，坦克打坦克，别欺负赤脚，拿人家刷分。这样高速公
: 路了吧。拿ipad说事，无非就是ipad赤脚多。。。。。。
h*g
10 楼
呵呵……如果都靠信号的话，还有啥意思呀？
我觉得，为避免信号，可以大家都蒙面，桌位上只能显示有几个人而不显示ID，自己也
不知道是坐在哪个位置
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那是你以为的。想进步快，你把所有信号背下来，包括张数信号，对子信号这些不常用
: 的，然后找个和你一样认真的对家，你一天就能刷一百分，几天你就升天。用韩少的话
: 说，拖拉机是个p，谁也别装b。
我觉得，为避免信号，可以大家都蒙面，桌位上只能显示有几个人而不显示ID，自己也
不知道是坐在哪个位置
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 那是你以为的。想进步快，你把所有信号背下来，包括张数信号，对子信号这些不常用
: 的，然后找个和你一样认真的对家，你一天就能刷一百分，几天你就升天。用韩少的话
: 说，拖拉机是个p，谁也别装b。
j*n
11 楼
这是对信号无知吧。。。信号牌，信号，只要打牌就必然有信息，有信息就有信号，有
的信号是天然的，有的是约定的，约定信号使用方和不使用信号的敌方会产生信息不对
称，胜率大大提高。
【在 h*********g 的大作中提到】
: 呵呵……如果都靠信号的话，还有啥意思呀？
: 我觉得，为避免信号，可以大家都蒙面，桌位上只能显示有几个人而不显示ID，自己也
: 不知道是坐在哪个位置
的信号是天然的，有的是约定的，约定信号使用方和不使用信号的敌方会产生信息不对
称，胜率大大提高。
【在 h*********g 的大作中提到】
: 呵呵……如果都靠信号的话，还有啥意思呀？
: 我觉得，为避免信号，可以大家都蒙面，桌位上只能显示有几个人而不显示ID，自己也
: 不知道是坐在哪个位置
j*n
12 楼
其实好同志很多都在ipad里，不拉帮不结派，真正做到君子不党。打牌不唧唧歪歪，不
刷分不求虚荣。
技术趋势也是往ipad/tablet方向走，过几年老型就得把ipad和flash给整合，不信走着
瞧。
我说你们就从了吧，都买个ipad得了，我建议取消flash。。。。
刷分不求虚荣。
技术趋势也是往ipad/tablet方向走，过几年老型就得把ipad和flash给整合，不信走着
瞧。
我说你们就从了吧，都买个ipad得了，我建议取消flash。。。。
h*g
13 楼
你说的这个是根据出牌相互配合，这个就是技术和熟悉程度了
我说的是那种只有他们自己知道的那种，蒙面的话主要防这个
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 这是对信号无知吧。。。信号牌，信号，只要打牌就必然有信息，有信息就有信号，有
: 的信号是天然的，有的是约定的，约定信号使用方和不使用信号的敌方会产生信息不对
: 称，胜率大大提高。
我说的是那种只有他们自己知道的那种，蒙面的话主要防这个
【在 j******n 的大作中提到】
: 这是对信号无知吧。。。信号牌，信号，只要打牌就必然有信息，有信息就有信号，有
: 的信号是天然的，有的是约定的，约定信号使用方和不使用信号的敌方会产生信息不对
: 称，胜率大大提高。
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