深海发现奇异食肉海绵：造型奇特似竖琴 - 未名空间MITBBS历史存档

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深海发现奇异食肉海绵：造型奇特似竖琴

深海发现奇异食肉海绵：造型奇特似竖琴# Animals - 动物园

i*s2012-11-14 08:11

1 楼

奇特的掠食者：竖琴海绵，生活在3000多米深的海底
新浪科技讯北京时间11月14日消息，海洋生物学家在海底发现了一种奇特的肉食
性海绵，其形状如同竖琴。来自蒙特利湾海洋研究所(MBARI)的一个团队，在加州北部
海域发现了这种深海掠食者。研究人员给新种取的学名为Chondrocladia lyra，意思是
竖琴海绵(种名源自希腊的七弦琴lyre)，因为海绵的形状跟这种乐器实在是太像了。
通过遥控的深海潜水器，隆尼-朗德斯滕博士带领的研究团队采集到了2个竖琴海绵
样品，并拍摄了十几条的视频素材。他们发现的第一个海绵样本只有2个叶片，但随后
的深潜勘察发现这种海绵拥有6个叶片，并从中心向外辐射伸展。
竖琴海绵向外伸出的肢体上覆盖着钩刺，用以诱捕小型甲壳类动物，之后它们纤薄
的体膜会将猎物包裹起来，然后缓慢地将其消化。取得这项发现的科学家认为，竖琴海
绵生活在水深3300—3500米左右的海底，它们之所以进化出如此独特的分枝结构，主要
是为了增大接触洋流的表面积，更有利于捕捉猎物。
大部分海绵主要以过滤海水的方式摄食细菌和有机物质，直到近二十年前，科学家
才首次发现一些肉食性的海绵。蒙特利湾海洋研究所的研究人员在报告中写道：“竖琴
海绵是一个极端特别的例子，它说明了要在如此充满敌意的环境中生存需要何等的适应
能力。”该研究报告发表于《无脊椎动物学》(Invertebrate Biology)杂志上。(任天)

h*h2012-11-14 08:11

2 楼

这长的很奇异

n*22012-11-14 08:11

3 楼

生活不容易啊

T*82012-11-14 08:11

4 楼

赞！

I*i2012-11-14 08:11

5 楼

很神奇

y*u2012-11-14 08:11

6 楼

co不容易。。

【在 n*2 的大作中提到】

: 生活不容易啊

f*e2012-11-14 08:11

7 楼

奇妙

c*t2012-11-14 08:11

8 楼

海绵是动物还是植物啊？觉得是植物。

m*a2012-11-14 08:11

9 楼

确实是个问题，我困惑了

【在 c*******t 的大作中提到】

: 海绵是动物还是植物啊？觉得是植物。

m*a2012-11-14 08:11

10 楼

查了一下，还真是动物
What makes a sea sponge an animal and not a plant?
According to Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge, sponges are animals which have: "No true tissues, they lack muscles, nerves, and internal organs."
They don't have a brain etc. so what makes them an animal and not a plant?
Best Answer - Chosen by Asker
Lacking a brain is not unique to sponges, it is shared by cnidarians such as
jellyfish, echinoderms such as starfish, and weirder creatures like
bryozoans and brachiopods.
All plants photosynthesise. ALL plants. Sponges do not. The only feature
they share with plants beyond universal chemistry and the fact that they are
alive is that they root to the spot. This is the same case with fungi, and
many other animals are sessile (corals, sea anemones, tunicates, mussels and
other bivalves, some worms...)
Sponges are heterotrophic- they feed on existing organic matter, unlike
autotrophic plants that make it themselves. They filter feed rather that
feed saprotrophically, which distinguishes them from fungi.
There are some whose skeleton is calcareous, other siliceous, others much
more dependant upon their spongin. No plant employs Calcium Carbonate,
Silicon Dioxide or spongin protein in such a way, nor has supporting
skeletons.
For years sponges were considered plants, but after actually looking at them
, any biologist could tell you that they are nothing like them.

c*t2012-11-14 08:11

11 楼

多谢！

as

【在 m**a 的大作中提到】

: 查了一下，还真是动物
: What makes a sea sponge an animal and not a plant?
: According to Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge, sponges are animals which have: "No true tissues, they lack muscles, nerves, and internal organs."
: They don't have a brain etc. so what makes them an animal and not a plant?
: Best Answer - Chosen by Asker
: Lacking a brain is not unique to sponges, it is shared by cnidarians such as
: jellyfish, echinoderms such as starfish, and weirder creatures like
: bryozoans and brachiopods.
: All plants photosynthesise. ALL plants. Sponges do not. The only feature
: they share with plants beyond universal chemistry and the fact that they are