Why Some HIV Carriers Never Develop AIDS# Biology - 生物学
y*2
1 楼
请问预约电话卡有有效期吗？要是买了没用，是必须半年内用掉吗？还是可以1年后再
用？
谢谢！
用？
谢谢！
A*8
2 楼
入境就用ead卡吗?谢谢
d*6
3 楼
iphone用户三大爱好：游戏拍照发微博。
安卓用户三大爱好： 刷机重启换电池。
塞班用户三大爱好: 摔手机摔手机摔手机。
山寨用户三大爱好： 凤凰传奇凤凰传奇凤凰传奇。。。。。。。。。
安卓用户三大爱好： 刷机重启换电池。
塞班用户三大爱好: 摔手机摔手机摔手机。
山寨用户三大爱好： 凤凰传奇凤凰传奇凤凰传奇。。。。。。。。。
c*i
4 楼
Stephen Smith, Gene research finds clues to AIDS survival; Boston-led study
is part of vaccine search. Boston Globe, Nov. 5, 2010.
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/11/05/gene_research_finds_clues_to_aids_survival/
("The genetic testing found something distinctive about that warning system
in controllers — differences in five amino acids, which are the building
blocks of proteins. In those people, a tiny groove in a molecule that is
part of the warning system has a particular shape, affecting how the warning
flag sits atop cells")
My comment:
(a) Bruce D. Walker, MD is head of Ragon Institute.
(b) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
http://www.ragoninstitute.org/about_history.html
(at Massachusetts General Hospital - East, Charlestown, Massachusetts;
establishment announced on Feb. 4, 2009; founded through a $100 million gift
– the largest gift in MGH history – from the Phillip T. and Susan M.
Ragon Institute Foundation)
(c) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
http://www.broadinstitute.org/
(at three far-flung buildings at City of Cambridge, Mass.; founded in 2003
and launched in 2004 through the extraordinary generosity and remarkable
vision of Los Angeles-based philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad; head Eric
Lander)
(d) The report refers to
The International HIV Controllers Study, The Major Genetic Determinants of
HIV-1 Control Affect HLA Class I Peptide Presentation. Science, __: __ (
published online Nov. 4, 2010)
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;science.1195271v1?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=hiv&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
(i) I just clicked "FULL TEXT (PDF)" in the upper left corner of this page,
and browse through it. The Science article identifies five amino acid
mutation in HLA-B that can protect HIV carriers (called "controllers" in the
Globe report).
"The results of this procedure provided evidence that multiple amino acid
positions in the peptide binding groove are indeed associated with host
control (table S7), including 62, 63, 67, 70, and 97, thus providing a
structural basis for the effect of HLA-B on host control (Fig. 4)." web page
3 (page number is at the bottom of each web page).
* For Figure 4, go to the very last, whose caption is at web page 4.
(ii) Naturally each controller has one mutation, not all five at the same
time. apparently one mutation at the five critical points is enough to
protect a controller. As for how (whether the mutation foils or facilitates
presentation of a peptide), the (Science) article does not say--it is for
another day.
(iii) If you are a layperson (as opposed to a trained biologist), you will
not be able to read the Science article. The Globe report is easy enough for
ordinary people.
is part of vaccine search. Boston Globe, Nov. 5, 2010.
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/11/05/gene_research_finds_clues_to_aids_survival/
("The genetic testing found something distinctive about that warning system
in controllers — differences in five amino acids, which are the building
blocks of proteins. In those people, a tiny groove in a molecule that is
part of the warning system has a particular shape, affecting how the warning
flag sits atop cells")
My comment:
(a) Bruce D. Walker, MD is head of Ragon Institute.
(b) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
http://www.ragoninstitute.org/about_history.html
(at Massachusetts General Hospital - East, Charlestown, Massachusetts;
establishment announced on Feb. 4, 2009; founded through a $100 million gift
– the largest gift in MGH history – from the Phillip T. and Susan M.
Ragon Institute Foundation)
(c) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
http://www.broadinstitute.org/
(at three far-flung buildings at City of Cambridge, Mass.; founded in 2003
and launched in 2004 through the extraordinary generosity and remarkable
vision of Los Angeles-based philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad; head Eric
Lander)
(d) The report refers to
The International HIV Controllers Study, The Major Genetic Determinants of
HIV-1 Control Affect HLA Class I Peptide Presentation. Science, __: __ (
published online Nov. 4, 2010)
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;science.1195271v1?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=hiv&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
(i) I just clicked "FULL TEXT (PDF)" in the upper left corner of this page,
and browse through it. The Science article identifies five amino acid
mutation in HLA-B that can protect HIV carriers (called "controllers" in the
Globe report).
"The results of this procedure provided evidence that multiple amino acid
positions in the peptide binding groove are indeed associated with host
control (table S7), including 62, 63, 67, 70, and 97, thus providing a
structural basis for the effect of HLA-B on host control (Fig. 4)." web page
3 (page number is at the bottom of each web page).
* For Figure 4, go to the very last, whose caption is at web page 4.
(ii) Naturally each controller has one mutation, not all five at the same
time. apparently one mutation at the five critical points is enough to
protect a controller. As for how (whether the mutation foils or facilitates
presentation of a peptide), the (Science) article does not say--it is for
another day.
(iii) If you are a layperson (as opposed to a trained biologist), you will
not be able to read the Science article. The Globe report is easy enough for
ordinary people.
x*0
5 楼
应该是使用后一年之内有效
n*s
6 楼
I doubt it.
G*y
7 楼
火星帖
f*g
8 楼
nice comments!
y*2
9 楼
谢谢！
A*8
10 楼
那用什么
【在 n***s 的大作中提到】
: I doubt it.
【在 n***s 的大作中提到】
: I doubt it.
x*0
11 楼
刷机重启换电池还好了，至少乐在其中。俺角得比那些军迷强，看来看去都是人家得飞
机在飞，人家得大炮在打，自己傻乐。
机在飞，人家得大炮在打，自己傻乐。
y*8
12 楼
How many authors are there?
c*i
13 楼
I do not know if you can go to the "full text." I do not know because I am
at a library whose subscriptionallows it to access teh magazine online for
free.
I'd like to copy it for you (I do not think the magazine would mind). But
there are three pages of authorship (with affiliation), occupying slightly
less space than the article (text + illustration). My estimation is about
150-200 authors.
【在 y******8 的大作中提到】
: How many authors are there?
at a library whose subscriptionallows it to access teh magazine online for
free.
I'd like to copy it for you (I do not think the magazine would mind). But
there are three pages of authorship (with affiliation), occupying slightly
less space than the article (text + illustration). My estimation is about
150-200 authors.
【在 y******8 的大作中提到】
: How many authors are there?
f*g
14 楼
Those authors are affiliated with 218 organizations. You can guess how many
authors there are.
With Genome-wide association studies, they identified 313 SNPs associated
with HIV control. Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
aminio acids, mostly within HLA-B, which affect HLA-peptide conformation.
But these amino acids are just assoicated with the HIV control, which does
not necessarily mean one would be elite controller if they contain one or
all the above amino acids in the particular positions.
authors there are.
With Genome-wide association studies, they identified 313 SNPs associated
with HIV control. Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
aminio acids, mostly within HLA-B, which affect HLA-peptide conformation.
But these amino acids are just assoicated with the HIV control, which does
not necessarily mean one would be elite controller if they contain one or
all the above amino acids in the particular positions.
c*i
15 楼
Thanks for your comment. Though I was trained as a biologist, it was two
decades ago. It is hard for me to imagine the study would be such a big task
.
The second/final portion ("Further * * *") of your commentary hints of a
functional study for the mutated amino acids? I am sure they had a head
start on this already.
many
Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
【在 f*******g 的大作中提到】
: Those authors are affiliated with 218 organizations. You can guess how many
: authors there are.
: With Genome-wide association studies, they identified 313 SNPs associated
: with HIV control. Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
: aminio acids, mostly within HLA-B, which affect HLA-peptide conformation.
: But these amino acids are just assoicated with the HIV control, which does
: not necessarily mean one would be elite controller if they contain one or
: all the above amino acids in the particular positions.
decades ago. It is hard for me to imagine the study would be such a big task
.
The second/final portion ("Further * * *") of your commentary hints of a
functional study for the mutated amino acids? I am sure they had a head
start on this already.
many
Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
【在 f*******g 的大作中提到】
: Those authors are affiliated with 218 organizations. You can guess how many
: authors there are.
: With Genome-wide association studies, they identified 313 SNPs associated
: with HIV control. Further they ascribed these SNP associations to specific
: aminio acids, mostly within HLA-B, which affect HLA-peptide conformation.
: But these amino acids are just assoicated with the HIV control, which does
: not necessarily mean one would be elite controller if they contain one or
: all the above amino acids in the particular positions.
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