if u hold to maturity and no default, u will get the coupon every yr and
face value at maturity. the APR will be the rate u see when u buy it.
but the bond price will fluctuate cuz interest rate chg. for ex, u got bond
when the yield is 4%, and 2 yrs later the interest rate go to 4.5%, u then
will realize ur loss when u sell, cuz ur bond lock in ur bond for 30 yr at 4
%.
if u do not sell and hold to maturity, u will get 4% apr and the face value.
but other ppl will get 4.5%, so in a sense, u r losing too, even tho on the
surface if u hold to maturity u cannot lose if there is no default