史上第一个！陕西遗址惊现2400年前“抽水马桶”

2023-02-16 08:02

据媒体报道，考古工作者在陕西栎阳城遗址发现一处距今约2400年的高等级厕所遗迹，这是中国历代宫城考古中发现的唯一一例厕类遗存，也是我国考古发现的第一个“冲水式”厕所。

A pottery toilet ancient Chinese used during the Qin Dynasty (221-206BC) has been discovered at the Yueyang City Ruins in Northwest China's Shaanxi province. The discovery is the only "toilet" to have been discovered at an ancient Chinese palace archaeological site and the first "flush toilet" discoverved by archaeology.

这是在栎阳城遗址考古发现的陶便器与弯管组合。图源：正观新闻

（阿房宫与上林苑考古队供图）

据悉，秦汉栎阳城遗址位于陕西省西安市阎良区。中国社科院考古研究所考古人员在三号建筑西侧清理出的这处厕所遗迹，由台基上的室内厕位和房外排污坑两部分组成。由于受到晚期遗存破坏，厕位上部结构已不存在，因此无法确定这是坐便还是蹲便。

Yueyang City Ruins is located in the Yanliang district of Yueyang. The discovery was made by experts excavating the No.3 Ancient Building at the Yueyang City Ruins. The ancient relic consists of two parts, an indoor toilet on a platform and a pipe system below that directed sewage outside. The upper half of the flush toilet was not found during the excavation and hence, experts cannot confirm whether its users sat on it or squatted over it.

据文献记载，在秦迁都咸阳之前，栎阳曾为秦都30余年，期间秦人在这里开展了一系列社会变革，商鞅变法就在这里展开。至秦末楚汉时期，栎阳先为塞王司马欣之都，后为汉王刘邦之都，这里也是大汉王朝的第一个都城。

因此，秦孝公、秦献公或刘邦有可能用过这个厕所。

The toilet is believed to have been used by Qin Xiaogong (381-338BC) or his father Qin Xian'gong (424-362BC) of the Qin Kingdom during the Warring States Period (475-221BC), or by Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220).

陕西省栎阳城遗址图源：IC

中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员刘瑞表示，发现2400年前的高等级厕所遗迹，从侧面可以看出，当时统治阶层对于卫生的重视。从讲卫生能看出当时社会文明的发展程度。

此前，在栎阳城遗址考古工作中，考古工作人员还曾在宫殿遗迹中发现过三间浴室。结合此次发现的“冲水式”厕所遗迹能够看到2400年前人们已经开始重视卫生。

"The flush toilet is concrete proof of the importance the ancient Chinese attached to sanitation," Liu said, adding that there were few records of indoor toilets in ancient times.

从2012年开始，由中国社会科学院考古研究所与西安市文物保护考古研究院联合组成的阿房宫与上林苑考古队，进一步发现二号、三号古城，确定三号古城为战国中期至西汉前期的栎阳城，并逐年开展较大面积发掘。