赛博格cyborg是什么？

1.自动的；自动化的

automatic machine or device is able to operate independently of human control.

*automatic doors 自动门

2.无意识的，不自觉的；不假思索的，机械的

done without thinking about it

*Over time, driving just becomes automatic.时间长了，开车也就成了一个机械的过程。

3.必然随之发生的；自然而然的

certain to happen as part of the normal process or system

*Citizenship is automatic for children born in this country.婴儿出生在这个国家，就自然而然地成为这个国家的公民。

4.自动变速汽车，自动换档汽车

a vehicle in which you do not have to change the gears

*Kate drives an automatic.凯特开的是一辆自动档汽车。

1.（尤指因头部受伤）昏迷的，不省人事的

in the state of not being awake, especially as the result of a head injury

*She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious.一块石头击中了她的头部，她昏了过去。

2.（想法或感情）无意识的，潜意识的

An unconscious thought or feeling is one that you do not know you have

1.（因受惊、寒冷或生病而出现的）颤栗；颤抖

the act of shaking slightly because you are frightened, cold, or ill

*I felt/gave a shiver as I looked out at the dark expanse of sea.看着外面漆黑无边的大海，我感到身上一阵颤抖。

2.（因寒冷、疾病或恐惧而）轻微颤抖，发抖

When people or animals shiver, they shake slightly because they feel cold, ill, or frightened.

*The poor dog - it's shivering!可怜的狗在发抖！

改变，修改

a change to something, usually to improve it

*Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple.把引擎改装成可使用无铅汽油是相当简单的事。

使私有化

If a government privatizes an industry, company, or service that it owns and controls, it sells it so that it becomes privately owned and controlled.

*I bought shares in British Gas when it was privatized.我在英国煤气公司私营化时买了它的股票。

诡计；计策

a trick intended to deceive someone

*It was just a ruse to distract her while his partner took the money.这不过是一个转移她注意力的伎俩，这样他的同伙就可以把钱拿走。

圆锯

an electric saw (= a tool for cutting hard materials) that has a circular blade, sometimes with sharp points along the edge

*Trim the posts to height with a circular saw.用圆锯把木桩锯到合适的高度。

1.矛；枪；镖枪

a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, that is either thrown or held in the hand

2.嫩茎；幼芽

 a thin pointed stem or leaf

3. 用矛刺；用镖枪扎

to push or throw a spear into an animal

*They catch the fish by spearing them.他们用鱼镖刺鱼。

一分为二，对立

a difference between two completely opposite ideas or things

*There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.政治家的言行之间常有天壤之别

观点1：

赛博格可以让世界变得更加平等。

The American biologist, philosopher and sociologist Donna Haraway wrote the most famous paper about cyborgs. Her essay A Cyborg Manifesto was published in 1985. In this paper, she argues for the abolition of the rigid boundaries between humans and animals, organisms and machines, men and woman.

Haraway wrote the manifesto in response to other feminists and cultural critics who rejected computers and the Internet. She shared critical thinking about the capitalist, nationalist and military drivers in the development of these technologies, but saw that it could be used for other purposes afterwards. Thinks of liberation, development and self-expression through those fading boundaries (for example between human and technology).

唐娜·哈拉维在《赛博格宣言》中指出，作为混合主体的赛博格能够消除人与动物、有机体与机器、男人与女人之间的严格界限，将原本对立的人群放置在机器和生物体共生的同一身份之中，从而打破原有的父权、殖民主义、资本主义传统，达到解放、发展和自我表达。

观点2：

赛博格是人的延申。

Amber Case, as an anthropologist and designer, investigates the symbiotic interaction between humans and machines. She wrote the book An Illustrated Dictionary of Cyborg Anthropology. Previously we used tools such as a stick or a hammer as physical extensions. Through digital technology we created a expansion of our mental self. With the Internet, social media and mobile phones we have become cyborgs.

安珀·凯斯研究的是人类和机器之间的共生互动。她认为过去人类使用木棍、锤子等物理工具作为人类的延申，如今有了互联网、社交媒体和手机，我们已经变成了赛博格，创造了精神自我的扩张。

观点3：

赛博格可能会对人的主体性造成威胁。

当技术发展到人的原生器官和肢体被替换，甚至意识可以被上传，人的身体和意识的完整性就面临着威胁。就如“忒修斯之船”的故事：雅典国王忒修斯船上所有的木头都被其他木头替代，这艘船还是原来的船吗？同理，当人体的部分或全部器官组件都被机械替换，人还是原来的人吗？