法律翻译 | 佛罗里达州证据法典（上）

译者｜黎琦 西南政法大学法律硕士

审稿｜胡婧卓 UCLA LL.M.

         刘汉青 北京师范大学硕士

编辑｜王冰子 烟台大学法本

         于杰 上海对外经贸大学本科

责编｜戚琳颖 大连海事大学本科

The 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022 Special Session A and 2023 Special Session B)

TITLE VII EVIDENCE

CHAPTER 90 EVIDENCE CODE

90.101 Short title.—This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Florida Evidence Code.”

90.101  简称。——本章为“佛罗里达州证据法典”，并可引证。

90.102 Construction.—This chapter shall replace and supersede existing statutory or common law in conflict with its provisions.

90.102  解释。——现行成文法或普通法与本章相冲突的，适用本章规定。

90.103 Scope; applicability.

(1) Unless otherwise provided by statute, this code applies to the same proceedings that the general law of evidence applied to before the effective date of this code.

(2) This act shall apply to criminal proceedings related to crimes committed after the effective date of this code and to civil actions and all other proceedings pending on or brought after October 1, 1981.

（2）本法案适用于其生效后的刑事犯罪案件，以及在1981年10月1日之前已经进行或在此日期之后提起的民事诉讼及所有其他诉讼程序。

(3) Nothing in this act shall operate to repeal or modify the parol evidence rule.

（3）本法案任何条款均不得废止或修改口头证据规则。

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90.104 Rulings on evidence.

90.104  关于证据裁决。

(1) A court may predicate error, set aside or reverse a judgment, or grant a new trial on the basis of admitted or excluded evidence when a substantial right of the party is adversely affected and:

(a) When the ruling is one admitting evidence, a timely objection or motion to strike appears on the record, stating the specific ground of objection if the specific ground was not apparent from the context; or

（a）如果裁决是采纳某项证据，当事人应当在记录中及时提出异议或排除证据的动议，陈述不能从上下文中明确得知的具体异议理由；或者

(b) When the ruling is one excluding evidence, the substance of the evidence was made known to the court by offer of proof or was apparent from the context within which the questions were asked.

（b）如果裁决是排除某项证据，当事人应当通过提供证明让法庭知晓或从问题所处的上下文中可以明显得知证据的真实性。

If the court has made a definitive ruling on the record admitting or excluding evidence, either at or before trial, a party need not renew an objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of error for appeal.

如果法庭在审讯前或审讯期间已对采纳或排除证据作出终局裁决并记录在案，一方当事人无需重新提出异议或提供证明，以维护上诉中的错误主张。

(2) In cases tried by a jury, a court shall conduct proceedings, to the maximum extent practicable, in such a manner as to prevent inadmissible evidence from being suggested to the jury by any means.

（2）陪审团审判的案件中，法庭应当用尽所有可行的诉讼程序，防止以任何方式向陪审团传达不可采纳的证据。

(3) Nothing in this section shall preclude a court from taking notice of fundamental errors affecting substantial rights, even though such errors were not brought to the attention of the trial judge.

（3）法庭关注影响实体权利的根本性错误，不受本部分规定的限制，即使此类错误未引起主审法官注意。

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90.105 Preliminary questions.

90.105  先决问题。

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), the court shall determine preliminary questions concerning the qualification of a person to be a witness, the existence of a privilege, or the admissibility of evidence.

（1） 除第（2）部分以外，法庭应就涉及证人资格，是否存在特权或证据是否可采纳等先决问题作出裁决。

(2) When the relevancy of evidence depends upon the existence of a preliminary fact, the court shall admit the proffered evidence when there is prima facie evidence sufficient to support a finding of the preliminary fact. If prima facie evidence is not introduced to support a finding of the preliminary fact, the court may admit the proffered evidence subject to the subsequent introduction of prima facie evidence of the preliminary fact.

（2）考虑到证据的关联性取决于存在的初步事实，初步证据足以认定初步事实的，法庭应采纳所提出的证据。初步证据不足以认定初步事实的，法庭可以对随后提出的初步证据予以采纳，前提是该证据足以认定初步事实。

(3) Hearings on the admissibility of confessions shall be conducted out of the hearing of the jury. Hearings on other preliminary matters shall be similarly conducted when the interests of justice require or when an accused is a witness, if he or she so requests.

（3）关于供述的可采性的听证会应在陪审团听证之外进行。基于司法公正或被告是证人的情况，如果被告提出要求，其他先决事项的听证亦应如此进行。

90.106 Summing up and comment by judge.—A judge may not sum up the evidence or comment to the jury upon the weight of the evidence, the credibility of the witnesses, or the guilt of the accused.

90.106  法官总结和评论。—— 法官不得就证据的证明力、证人的可信度或被告的罪行总结证据或向陪审团发表意见。

90.107 Limited admissibility.—When evidence that is admissible as to one party or for one purpose, but inadmissible as to another party or for another purpose, is admitted, the court, upon request, shall restrict such evidence to its proper scope and so inform the jury at the time it is admitted.

90.107  有限可采性。——当某项获采纳的证据对于一方当事人或某一目的可采纳，但对于另一方当事人或其他目的则不可采纳时，法庭应根据请求将此证据限制在合理的范围内适用并在采纳同时告知陪审团。

90.108 Introduction of related writings or recorded statements.

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90.108  介绍相关书面或录音陈述。

(1) When a writing or recorded statement or part thereof is introduced by a party, an adverse party may require him or her at that time to introduce any other part or any other writing or recorded statement that in fairness ought to be considered contemporaneously. An adverse party is not bound by evidence introduced under this section.

（1）如果一方当事人提供了书面或录音陈述或其中的一部分，出于公平考虑，相对方可要求他（或她）同时提供须一并纳入考虑范畴的任何其他部分或任何其他的书面或录音陈述。根据本条款引入的证据不会对相对方产生约束力。

(2) The report of a court reporter, when certified to by the court reporter as being a correct transcript of the testimony and proceedings in the case, is prima facie a correct statement of such testimony and proceedings.

（2）法庭记录员的报告，如果得到该记录员保证是本案证词和诉讼程序的正确记录，那它即是对证言和诉讼程序的初步正确陈述。

90.201 Matters which must be judicially noticed.—A court shall take judicial notice of:

90.201  须司法认知的事项。——法庭应对以下事项予以司法认知：

(1) Decisional, constitutional, and public statutory law and resolutions of the Florida Legislature and the Congress of the United States.

（1）佛罗里达州立法机构和美国国会制定的具有决定性的、宪法性的和公开的成文法和决议。

(2) Florida rules of court that have statewide application, its own rules, and the rules of United States courts adopted by the United States Supreme Court.

（2）适用于佛罗里达全州法庭规则，法庭内部规则及美国最高法院采纳的法庭规则。

(3) Rules of court of the United States Supreme Court and of the United States Courts of Appeal.

（3）美国最高法院法庭和美国上诉法院的法庭规则。

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90.202 Matters which may be judicially noticed.—A court may take judicial notice of the following matters, to the extent that they are not embraced within s. 90.201:

90.202  可以司法认知的事项。——法庭可以对第 90.201条规定以外的以下事项进行司法认知：

(1) Special, local, and private acts and resolutions of the Congress of the United States and of the Florida Legislature.

（1）美国国会和佛罗里达州立法机构制定的专门的、地方性的和非公知的法案和决议。

(2) Decisional, constitutional, and public statutory law of every other state, territory, and jurisdiction of the United States.

（2）美国其他所有州、地区和司法管辖区的决定性的、宪法性的和公开成文法。

(3) Contents of the Federal Register.

(4) Laws of foreign nations and of an organization of nations.

（4）外国和国家组织的法律。

(5) Official actions of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the United States and of any state, territory, or jurisdiction of the United States.

（5）美国及美国任何州、地区或司法管辖区的立法、行政和司法部门的官方行动。

(6) Records of any court of this state or of any court of record of the United States or of any state, territory, or jurisdiction of the United States.

（6）本州任何法院或美国任何记录法院或者美国任何州、地区或司法管辖区的记录。

(7) Rules of court of any court of this state or of any court of record of the United States or of any other state, territory, or jurisdiction of the United States.

（7）本州任何法院或美国任何记录法院或者美国任何其他州、地区或司法管辖区的法庭规则。

(8) Provisions of all municipal and county charters and charter amendments of this state, provided they are available in printed copies or as certified copies.

（8）本州所有市和县的宪章规定及修正案，前提是有印刷本或核准认证副本。

(9) Rules promulgated by governmental agencies of this state which are published in the Florida Administrative Code or in bound written copies.

（9）本州政府机构颁布的且在《佛罗里达州行政法典》或装订的书面副本中公布的规则。

(10) Duly enacted ordinances and resolutions of municipalities and counties located in Florida, provided such ordinances and resolutions are available in printed copies or as certified copies.

（10）佛罗里达州境内的市和县适时颁布的条例和决议，前提是此类条例和决议有印刷本或认证副本。

(11) Facts that are not subject to dispute because they are generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the court.

（11）法院属地管辖范围内众所周知的无争议的事实。

(12) Facts that are not subject to dispute because they are capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot be questioned.

（12）来源不容置疑，准确且即刻确定的无争议的事实。

(13) Official seals of governmental agencies and departments of the United States and of any state, territory, or jurisdiction of the United States.

（13）美国政府机构和部门及任何州、地区或司法管辖区的官方印章。

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90.203 Compulsory judicial notice upon request.—A court shall take judicial notice of any matter in s. 90.202 when a party requests it and:

90.203  应请求强制司法认知。法庭应对第90.202条规定的任何事项予以司法认知，前提是一方当事人提出请求并：

(1) Gives each adverse party timely written notice of the request, proof of which is filed with the court, to enable the adverse party to prepare to meet the request.

（1）及时向每一相对方发出请求（相关证明提交至法庭）的书面通知，以便相对方为应对该请求做准备。

(2) Furnishes the court with sufficient information to enable it to take judicial notice of the matter.

（2）提供充分的信息便于法庭对该事项予以司法认知。

90.2035 Judicial notice of information taken from web mapping services, global satellite imaging sites, or Internet mapping tools.

90.2035  网络地图服务、全球卫星成像站点或互联网地图工具获取的司法认知信息。

(1)(a) Upon request of a party, a court may take judicial notice of an image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a widely accepted web mapping service, global satellite imaging site, or Internet mapping tool, if such image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information indicates the date on which the information was created.

（1）（a）应一方当事人请求，法庭可对从广泛认可的网络地图服务、全球卫星成像站点或互联网地图工具上获取的图片、地图、位置、距离、计算或其他信息予以司法认知，前提是此类图片、地图、位置、距离、计算或其他信息标明了信息的创建日期。

(b) A party intending to offer such information in evidence at trial or at a hearing must file notice of such intent within a reasonable time or as defined by court order. The notice must include a copy of the information and specify the Internet address or pathway where such information may be accessed and inspected.

（b）在审讯或听证会中，一方当事人意图提供上述信息作为证据的，必须在合理时间内或按照法庭命令提交此意图的说明书。说明书须包含一份信息的副本并详细说明互联网地址或路径，以便查询和检索。

(2)(a) A party may object to the court taking judicial notice of the image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a widely accepted web mapping service, global satellite imaging site, or Internet mapping tool within a reasonable time or as defined by court order.

（2）（a）一方当事人可以在合理时间内或按照法庭命令，对从广泛认可的网络地图服务、全球卫星成像站点或互联网地图工具上获取的图片、地图、位置、距离、计算或其他信息予以司法认知提出异议。

(b) In civil cases, there is a rebuttable presumption that information sought to be judicially noticed under this section should be judicially noticed. The rebuttable presumption may be overcome if the court finds by the greater weight of the evidence that the information does not fairly and accurately portray what it is being offered to prove or that it otherwise should not be admitted into evidence under the Florida Evidence Code.

（b）民事案件中存在一个可反驳的推定，即本节中寻求司法认知的信息应当获得司法认知。如果基于优势证据，法庭认定所提出的信息并未公平且准确的证明其所要证明的事实，或依据《佛罗里达州证据法典》不得采纳为证据的，则可以推翻该可反驳的推定。

(c) If the court overrules the objection, the court must take judicial notice of the information and admit the information into evidence.

（c）如果法庭驳回异议，该法庭须对该信息予以司法认知并采纳作为证据。

(3) In criminal cases, the court must instruct the jury that the jury may or may not accept the noticed facts as conclusive.

（3）刑事案件中，法庭须指示陪审团，可以接受也可以不接受所认知的事实作为结论性的事实。

(4) This section does not affect, expand, or limit standards for any matters that may otherwise be judicially noticed.

（4）本节不会影响、扩大或限制任何可能获得司法认知事项的标准。

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90.204 Determination of propriety of judicial notice and nature of matter noticed.

90.204  司法认知的适当性及认知事项性质的确定。

(1) When a court determines upon its own motion that judicial notice of a matter should be taken or when a party requests such notice and shows good cause for not complying with s. 90.203(1), the court shall afford each party reasonable opportunity to present information relevant to the propriety of taking judicial notice and to the nature of the matter noticed.

（1）如果法庭自行决定某一事项应获得司法认知，或者一方当事人提出请求并提供充分理由不遵守第90.203(1)条的规定，则法庭应给予每一方当事人公平的机会，以提供与司法认知的适当性及认知事项性质相关的信息。

(2) In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter or the nature thereof, a court may use any source of pertinent and reliable information, whether or not furnished by a party, without regard to any exclusionary rule except a valid claim of privilege and except for the exclusions provided in s. 90.403.

（2）在对某一事项予以司法认知的恰当性或该事项的性质进行确定过程中，法庭可使用任何恰当的且可靠的信息来源，不论是否由其中一方当事人提供，并且不受证据排除规则约束，但有效的特权请求和第90.403条规定的情形除外。

(3) If a court resorts to any documentary source of information not received in open court, the court shall make the information and its source a part of the record in the action and shall afford each party reasonable opportunity to challenge such information, and to offer additional information, before judicial notice of the matter is taken.

（3）如果法庭诉诸任何非开庭时接收的文件信息来源，应在司法认知前应将该信息及其来源纳入庭审记录并给予各方当事人公平的机会对该信息提出质疑并提供其他信息。

(4) In family cases, the court may take judicial notice of any matter described in s. 90.202(6) when imminent danger to persons or property has been alleged and it is impractical to give prior notice to the parties of the intent to take judicial notice. Opportunity to present evidence relevant to the propriety of taking judicial notice under subsection (1) may be deferred until after judicial action has been taken. If judicial notice is taken under this subsection, the court shall, within 2 business days, file a notice in the pending case of the matters judicially noticed. For purposes of this subsection, the term “family cases” has the same meaning as provided in the Rules of Judicial Administration.

（4）家事案件中，如果主张人身或财产有迫在眉睫的危险，并且事先通知意图采取司法认知的各方当事人是不切实际的，法庭可对第90.202(6)条所包含的任何事项予以司法认知。司法诉讼开始后可以再提出第（1）部分规定的与司法认知的恰当性相关的证据。如果按照本部分的规定予以司法认知，法庭应当在两个工作日内对存在司法认知事项的待决案件发出通知。就本部分而言，“家事案件”一词的含义与佛罗里达州《司法行政规则》所规定的含义相同。

90.205 Denial of a request for judicial notice.—Upon request of counsel, when a court denies a request to take judicial notice of any matter, the court shall inform the parties at the earliest practicable time and shall indicate for the record that it has denied the request.

90.205  驳回司法认知请求。——根据律师请求，当法院拒绝对任何事项进行司法认知的请求时，应在合理的时间内尽早告知各方当事人并应表明其已拒绝该请求，以备记录。

原文链接：

http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099/0090/0090ContentsIndex.html&StatuteYear=2022&Title=%2D%3E2022%2D%3EChapter%2090