美国移民政策讨论2：与网友的对话 -- 税收福利
上一篇（http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/71485/201608/1233008.html）讨论了非法移民对社会安全的影响。有兴趣的网友可以在我的博客上找到。这一篇会主要讨论非法移民对社会经济财政的影响。
先总结一下网友的主要论点：（1）非法移民也交税；（2）非法移民不享受社会福利；（3）非法移民对社安基金有着重要的支撑作用。
网友的主要根据是他们：(a) 付消费税；(b)付房产税；(c)很多人付收入税和社安税。
他们确实付消费税，但这一群体的收入极低，消费也极低。不能指望他们贡献多少消费税。同理，也不能指望他们买房，最多租房，还得是最低价的房租。
非法移民没有社安号，也是不敢去报税的，怕移民局。但确实有不少非法移民冒险去买伪造证件以便找一个更稳定的工作。虽然依然是最低时新，但雇主会直接提他们报社安税。所以网友在这一点上是对的。
但另一方面，一旦他们有了伪造的社安号，难道会不知道美国还有退税一说吗？这里有一则相关报道：
“。。。it is the Old Faithful of tax breaks that illegal aliens can access: the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC). Illegals filing their income taxes can claim the ACTC if they have (or claim to have) children in the United States. This tax credit, unlike virtually all others, can result in a negative income tax payment. That means that no taxes will be collected from the individual, but he or she will get a check in the mail for all taxes withheld plus a bonus for the credit。。。”-- http://cis.org/north/its-tax-refund-time-illegal-aliens?
这可能也是为什么不少非法移民家里孩子都很多的原因吧。
可能很多人认为非法移民不能享受国家福利，但事实上他们至少享受交通，公园，紧急医疗等基本公共福利。象前面所说，很多非法移民都使用非法证件，骗取福利就只是一步之遥。加上生的孩子是美国公民，税收，教育，医疗等各种福利都触手可及。
- “Now that these families have given birth to U.S. citizens, the families are eligible for benefits such as WIC and food stamps. Benefits such as these are for low income families. Illegal aliens often work in low paying jobs so they now qualify for benefits.”-- http://thelawdictionary.org/article/why-is-it-that-illegal-aliens-get-free-food-stamps-health-insurance-and-pay-no-taxes/
- “More than half of households headed by immigrants in the county illegally, or 62 percent, received welfare benefits in 2012, according to a report released by the Center for Immigration Studies.”-- http://freebeacon.com/issues/report-majority-of-illegal-immigrant-households-on-welfare/
- “Illegal immigrant households cost an average of $5,692 (driven largely by the presence of U.S.-born children), while legal immigrant households cost $6,378.”-- http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cashing-in-illegal-immigrants-get-1261-more-welfare-than-american-families-5692-vs.-4431/article/2590744
非法移民对社安基金的贡献被大大夸大了，因为如上所述，非法移民绝对不是只付出不索取的。某媒体的报道中举了一个例子：
“。。。 More recently, he has also washed trucks, often working as much as 70 hours a week, earning $8.50 to $12.75 an hour。。。Last year, Mr. Martínez paid about $2,000 toward Social Security and $450 for Medicare through payroll taxes withheld from his wages。。。”-- http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/05/business/illegal-immigrants-are-bolstering-social-security-with-billions.html?_r=0?
这是一个非常努力工作的非法移民，他一年大概交$2450的social security 和 medicare 税，因为他有伪造的社安号，只要他不那么高尚的话，就会去要退税。低收入家庭可以报很多退税项目，通常他们都是享受退税而不是缴税的。加上每年花在他们一家的福利（$5，000 左右），很难想像这是个赚钱的买卖。
网友的另一个连接提供了更多数据：“An illegal alien purchasing taxable goods in the amount of about $125,000 a year just to break even on what it costs Americans for that。。。” -- http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/08/29/coulter_does_the_american_taxpayer_want_to_pay_for_illegal_immigrants_to_stay.html。也就是说一个非法移民一年需要购买价值十二万五千美刀的东西，其销售税才能持平国家花在他身上的钱。。。