两风角智---西风咏墨篇

To Quantum（风量子）& Asunnysong:

By ≠paleink

驻笔回想思徘徊, 笔墨犹掷言流散。

中国大陆一日游刚回来，看到你和asunnysong的探讨与争论。

本有许多话要说，可盘旋于脑海的问题很多，想把心上这一团错综复杂的思绪梳理清晰很难。

现在我竭力让我的思路明白晓畅。

孤独，变通，偏见

一切人事上的关系，不同的人都会有不同的看法，真正能跟自己心灵契合，相视而笑的人能有几个？所以我们感慨说， [人生得一知己足矣]。我们的世界是瞬息万变，与时俱进。变化快得多得，自己转身看我的过去，我的境遇，心里想想，[奇妙]两字久久在脑际回想。朋友，姻缘，它们都是流动，突如其来，突然而去，我们不能扣留住[永久]，所以有人说[天长地久]，[与子偕老]，他们说永久，只不过是厚道的在应景罢了。我们只抱有这种信仰，只能是自欺欺人。

不过能使人快乐，幸福的，我们仍应当珍惜。

真正美好的友谊和婚姻，都是自由的，是无所惧怕的，不因为没有天长地久的理想妨碍我们乐观，积极的态度，我们也仍

[意]在持久。

认识到[好]花不能长开，[好]景不能长在也许是一种可贵的认识或刺激，明白了美丽的脆弱，更尝得珍惜的滋味。

人生就像朵玫瑰花，美丽有[刺]，虽有刺，而仍美丽。

所以在这变幻莫测的世界里，也难有永恒的信仰和主义。把思想单一化，静态化只会让自己处处碰壁。

但是,人思想的发展和修正似乎和人生的主线索密不可分。

罗素一生，追求真理，追求正义。

回顾他的人生走过的路，可以说，他的一生的确信守了自己的诺言。

‘The serious part of my life ever since boyhood has been devoted to two different objects which for a long time remained separate and have only in recent years united into a single whole. I wanted, on the one hand, to find out whether anything could be known; and, on the other hand, to do whatever might be possible toward creating a happier world. Up to the age of thirty-eight I gave most of my energies to the first of these tasks. I was troubled by skepticism and unwillingly forced to the conclusion that most of what passes for knowledge is open to reasonable doubt. I wanted certainty in the kind of way in which be found in mathematics than elsewhere. But I discovered that many accept, were full of fallacies, and that, if certainty were indeed discoverable in mathematics, it would be in a new kind of mathematics, with more solid foundations than those that had hitherto been thought secure. But as the work proceeded, I was continually reminded of the elephant upon which the mathematical world could rest, I found the elephant tottering, and proceeded to construct a tortoise to keep the elephant from falling. But the tortoise was no more secure than the elephant, and after some twenty years of very arduous toil, I came to the conclusion that there was nothing more that I could do in the way of making mathematical knowledge [indubitable]. Then came the First World War, and my thoughts became concentrated on human misery and folly. Neither misery nor folly seems to me any part of the inevitable lot of man. And I am convinced that intelligence, patience, and eloquence can, sooner or later, lead the human race out of its self-imposed tortures provided it does not exterminate itself meanwhile.

On the basis of this belief, I have had always a certain degree of optimism, although, as I have grown older, the optimism has grown more sober and the happy issue more distant. But I remain completely incapable of agreeing with those who accept fatalistically the view that man is born to trouble. The causes of unhappiness in the past and in the present are not difficult to ascertain. There have been poverty, pestilence, and famine, which were due to man’s inadequate mastery of nature. There have been wars, oppressions and tortures which have been due to men’s hostility to their fellow men. And there have been morbid miseries fostered by gloomy creeds, which have led men into profound inner discords that made all outward prosperity of no avail. All these are unnecessary. In regards to all of them, means are known by which they can be overcome. In the modern world, if communities are unhappy, it is often because they have ignorances, habits, beliefs, and passions, which are dearer to them than happiness or even life. I find many men in our dangerous age who seem to be in love with misery and death, and who grow angry when hopes are suggested to them. They think hope is irrational and that, in sitting down to lazy despair,

They are merely facing facts.

I cannot agree with these men. To preserve hope in our world makes calls upon our intelligence and our energy. In those who despair it is frequently the energy that is lacking…..

(Russell Autobiography, P725-726)

他的一生是以追求真理与至善为己任的。

                    *************

文如其人――文由心生，文字也许掩盖思想

了解一个人最好的办法，就是研读他/她所有的著作，此外边缘的旁门小道只是给我们偷懒的思想找一个好的籍口休息休息。

我没多过多少王小波的作品，所以我要谈他和罗素的对比，只会贻笑大方。

对于罗素的著作我也只是一知半解，他的一生，共有上百部著作和两千多篇文章，就是我不读专业课，两眼只盯着他，一时半会也是读不完的。

但是关注的焦点应在他的为学为人。思想休憩，琐碎偏重，只增添了和众的鸣躁。

Quantum说，罗素是到过中国的却同样很失望的离开中国的，并写下恶毒言语的。

您提到的这段话，我在罗素自传中国行一章中，并未看到。

我愿附上另一段他写给Ottoline Morrel( Russell Autobiography, p370)：

28^th October, 1920

Since landing in China we have had a most curious and interesting time, spent, so far, entirely among Chinese students and journalists, who are more or less Europeanized. I have delivered innumerable lectures – On Einstein, education and social questions. The eagerness for knowledge on the part of students is quite extraordinary. When one begins to speak, their eyes have the look of starving men beginning a feast. Everywhere they treat me with a most embarrassing respect.

。。。。

Apart from the influence of Europeans, China makes the impression of What Europe would have become if the eighteenth century had gone on till now without industrialism or the French Revolution. People seem to be rational hedonists, knowing very well how to obtain happiness, exquisite through intense cultivation of their artistic sensibilities, differing from Europeans through the fact that they prefer enjoyment to power. People laugh a great deal in all classes, even the lowest.

。。。。。

The Governor of Hu-Nan is the most virtuous of all the Governors of Chinese provinces, and entertained us last night at a magnificent banquet. Professor and Mrs Dewey were present; it was the first time I had met them. The Governor cannot talk any European language, so, though I sat next to him, I could only exchange compliments through an interpreter. But I got a good impression of him; he is certainly very anxious to promote education, which seems the most crying need of China. Without it, it is hard to see how better government can be introduced. It must be said that bad government seems somewhat less disastrous in China than it would be in a European nation, but this is perhaps a superficial impression which time may correct.

最后一段的意思是： 

湖南省省长是中国各省省长中最得高望重的一个，昨晚儿设宴招待了我们。杜威教授携夫人也出席了此次宴会，这是我第一次与他见面。无奈省长不会讲任何欧洲语言，虽坐在他身边，却只能通过翻译相互致意。但是，我对他留有一个好印象，他很热切地希望促进教育，似乎是中国当前最迫切的需要。我们因此明白，没有教育的发展，很难悟到如何建立一个更完善的政府。换句话说，一个坏的政府在中国造成的灾难不像在一个欧洲国家那么严重，不过这也许是我的一个肤浅的印象，

须待时间的修正。

所以岁月是成熟，智慧的代价。

********************

孤独的童年

Quantum：罗素对人类苦难感到无法忍受的怜悯之情，活得很老的；
越来越无聊的，很不孤独的；

先来看一下罗素的童年吧

罗素幼年父母双亡。他的母亲和姐姐在罗素两岁时，因患白喉而死亡。他的母亲生前是一个女权运动的支持者，是一位生性正直，严肃；才思敏捷，富于机智，生气勃勃，有创造精神和无所畏惧的女性。

接着，在他母亲离开人间18个月后，他的父亲也离他而去。父母双亡，对于一个三岁的孩子，精神上的创伤无疑是巨大的。

在他自传中：‘My father and mother were dead, and I used to wonder what sort of people they had been. In solitude I used to wander about the garden, alternately collecting birds’ eggs and meditating on the flight of time.”

我的父母都以过世,我常会想, 如果他们在世,会是什么样。在孤寂时，我常常一个人在花园里徘徊，不是捡鸟蛋就是沉思于飞驰的时光。

幸喜上苍有眼，罗素智识渊海，为人类社会的进步，为当代哲学和科学的发展，作出了卓越贡献，一生为追求真理，为创造一个更幸福的世界做着至善的努力。直到弥离之际，罗素都是自己的理想的忠实实践者:

--1961年，罗素已87岁。因组织静坐示威，反对核军备，被判七天监禁。

--最难能的是，1967年，已95岁高龄的罗素，仍精力充沛地投身于保卫世界和平的事业。密切关注罗素和平基金会资助的国际战犯审判法厅的工作。

--他的床头，挂着[Leibniz，G.W.& Frege, G]两位德国哲学家的照片，他们对真理的追求，孜孜不倦的求知欲与罗素如影相随。

他父母的英灵也地下安眠。

关于罗素的试婚的观点，打了一大呵欠，我们可否来日在论？：）

Quantum你我虽以接近而立之年，但少年的矜气并未全消，让你我全盘接收对方观点都实为勉强。

我不喜应景，也不擅阿谀。

诚然，热闹，浮燥与清醒，深思无缘。如倘把罗素的著作读上几本（原著），对于我所赞你定能有所醒转，也只有在那些中心里来考察罗素，也许更能平实地权衡他的为学为人的份量，你我的隔阂自然就会打通。Quantum的学识不浅，眼光不钝，胸襟不窄。与你过招，生思补智。

与一个达观的人共勉

西风敬上

2005-01-27

PS.我这里Hotmail的邮箱出了些故障,无法回复朋友的来信, 请不必牵挂。paleink一切都好,7日之后返回南半球。

谢谢朋友的关念。（xixi，香港是美食天堂，受不了诱惑的paleink密度大了一点点。）