关于瑞士在二战中立国问题
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| 这几周在看一个纪录片叫＂the world at war", 很真实详细得地记载了二战中的种种，但看起来特让人难受。 一直有个问题，但没看到过相关解释，这瑞士怎么就能成为中立国呢？ 哪位明白请告诉我下。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 垂杨柳 网上查的，不敢说正确： Why was Switzerland neutral during World War 2? Answer 1 Switzerland was neutral during WWII because it valued its freedom and was determined to fight to the last man to protect itself. It also had the advantage of being very costly to take over. An excellent book to read is Angelo M. Codevilla's Between the Alps and a Hard Place. 瑞士的地形不易占领。 Answer 2 I believe it was simply because they were allowed to stay neutral. It was clearly in the interests of both sides to have this arrangement. The Swiss were anything but courageous. Germany got everything it wanted without firing a shot. 让瑞士保持中立对交战双方都有利。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 还是没笔名: 这个问题有意思。 瑞士是中立国，应该还有更深一层的人文地理的原因 - 不是说货币天然不是金银，但金银天然就是货币吗? :) 可惜我自己不知道这深一层的，瑞士天然是中立国的原因。谁知道，忽悠一把？ ：） 我只知道瑞士在山顶上，刚好在德法意大利的交接，所以有德语法语意大利语区，好像还有一个别的小语种区。 我猜让瑞士中立，是列强争霸“动态平衡”的产物。其实这对大国，不管它是谁，最有利。因为大国毕竟是大国，总能在这个所谓中立地区为自己正确最大的便宜。 二战中瑞士名义上中立，实际上为德国做了不少事情。 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- fpxjz: 我查了下，看起来有些道理，基本上象大家猜的，由于地理位置，它保持中立对德国更有利 No European country remained truly neutral during WWII. Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland all worked to some extent with the Axis. In Switzerland, the people who lived through the war wanted to believe that it was their army and fortifications that kept the Nazis out. Historical research and documents clearly show that if the Nazis wanted to invade Switzerland, it would have been quick and relatively easy. The reason Germany spared its tiny neighbor to the south was because Switzerland proved much more useful as an independent state than as a satellite. The Swiss made many useful weapon components (aluminium for the Luftwaffe, spark plugs for jeeps taken from the Russians, timing devices for bombs, among other things), and thus their factories were not bombed every night. The Swiss National bank bought gold from the Reichsbank, the Reichsbank was given Swiss francs in exchange, and used them to buy cobalt, nickel and tungsten from the other “neutral” countries. The Turks, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish, who were all under heavy pressure from the Allies not to accept direct gold payment from the Reichsbank, then exchanged the Swiss francs for gold. The problem was that the German gold came from the Belgian National bank reserves (not from concentration camps as some sensationalists would have it) and the neutrals knew it. Finally, the Swiss allowed trains to carry food and non-weapon supplies from Germany to Italy, with dozens of trains every day on their way to Africa. But did Switzerland have any other choice? Probably not. Totally surrounded by the Axis, most of its coal supply came from Germany every week, and all of its exports had to go through Axis controlled territory. For a landlocked country with no natural resources, this meant the Swiss had to work out some form of accomodation with their neighbors. The problem is that the postwar generations have been raised to believe that it was the Swiss army, and not the country’s usefulness to the Germans, that protected it from the wrath of war. The Swiss are now coming to terms with this part of their history, as for example the people of France and Japan have. As a foreigner, it is best to avoid passing judgment on them and giving lessons, at the risk of offending your hosts. |
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来源: 文学城-fpxjz