NAS GE plant report 节选# Biology - 生物学
l*p
1 楼
美国NAS相对权威的报告，我来两个摘要里面的片段。说明，该报告就有关人体健康的
结论是，未发现对人体健康有损害。算是有关转基因作物的最乐观的一个大方面。
有关增产的：
There is disagreement among researchers about how much GE traits
can increase yields compared with conventional breeding. In addition to
assessing detailed surveys and experiments comparing GE with non-GE
crop yields, the committee examined changes over time in overall yield per
hectare of maize, soybean, and cotton reported by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) before, during, and after the switch from conventionally
bred to GE varieties of these crops. No significant change in the rate at
which crop yields increase could be discerned from the data. Although the
sum of experimental evidence indicates that GE traits are contributing to
actual yield increases, there is no evidence from USDA data that they have
substantially increased the rate at which U.S. agriculture is increasing
yields.
关于转基因育种跟常规育种相比能否增产，科研人员之间存在分歧。 评估委员会除了
评估那些比较转基因和非转基因作物产量的调查和实验外，还对美国农业部提供的引入
转基因作物前中后玉米、大豆和棉花每公顷的产量数据进行了时间趋势分析。分析表明
，这三段时间这些作物的增产率并没有变化。 虽然实验证据总体表明，转基因性状有
助于增产，但美国农业部的数据没能证实转基因作物能实质性的提高农业增产率。
有关抗药性不幸散播到杂草中的：
The committee found that in many locations some weeds had evolved resistance
to glyphosate, the herbicide to which most GE crops were engineered to be
resistant. Resistance evolution in weeds could be delayed by the use of
integrated weed-management approaches, especially in cropping systems and
regions where weeds have not yet been exposed to continuous glyphosate
applications. However, the committee recommended further research to
determine better approaches for management of resistance in weeds.
该专家委员会发现，在很多地方，有些杂草已经通过进化获取了对草甘膦的抗药性。而
草甘膦是大多数转基因作物通过设计而具有抗性的。杂草的抗性进展可以通过使用综合
性杂草管理措施进行延迟，尤其在那些杂草尚未连续性暴露于草甘膦施药的作物区域。
然而，该委员会建议开展更多研究来寻找管理抗性杂草的更好办法。
结论是，未发现对人体健康有损害。算是有关转基因作物的最乐观的一个大方面。
有关增产的：
There is disagreement among researchers about how much GE traits
can increase yields compared with conventional breeding. In addition to
assessing detailed surveys and experiments comparing GE with non-GE
crop yields, the committee examined changes over time in overall yield per
hectare of maize, soybean, and cotton reported by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) before, during, and after the switch from conventionally
bred to GE varieties of these crops. No significant change in the rate at
which crop yields increase could be discerned from the data. Although the
sum of experimental evidence indicates that GE traits are contributing to
actual yield increases, there is no evidence from USDA data that they have
substantially increased the rate at which U.S. agriculture is increasing
yields.
关于转基因育种跟常规育种相比能否增产，科研人员之间存在分歧。 评估委员会除了
评估那些比较转基因和非转基因作物产量的调查和实验外，还对美国农业部提供的引入
转基因作物前中后玉米、大豆和棉花每公顷的产量数据进行了时间趋势分析。分析表明
，这三段时间这些作物的增产率并没有变化。 虽然实验证据总体表明，转基因性状有
助于增产，但美国农业部的数据没能证实转基因作物能实质性的提高农业增产率。
有关抗药性不幸散播到杂草中的：
The committee found that in many locations some weeds had evolved resistance
to glyphosate, the herbicide to which most GE crops were engineered to be
resistant. Resistance evolution in weeds could be delayed by the use of
integrated weed-management approaches, especially in cropping systems and
regions where weeds have not yet been exposed to continuous glyphosate
applications. However, the committee recommended further research to
determine better approaches for management of resistance in weeds.
该专家委员会发现，在很多地方，有些杂草已经通过进化获取了对草甘膦的抗药性。而
草甘膦是大多数转基因作物通过设计而具有抗性的。杂草的抗性进展可以通过使用综合
性杂草管理措施进行延迟，尤其在那些杂草尚未连续性暴露于草甘膦施药的作物区域。
然而，该委员会建议开展更多研究来寻找管理抗性杂草的更好办法。
