柬埔寨“最奇特”的寺庙，中国人把它修复好了！
A ceremony marking the handover of the Ta Keo Temple restored with Chinese assistance was held last Thursday in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
茶胶寺 图源：视觉中国
茶胶寺是吴哥古迹中最为雄伟且具有鲜明特色的庙山建筑之一。
茶胶寺也是一座未完成的建筑，只有主体建筑完成了，什么雕刻装饰都没有。
As a mountain temple that was never finished in Angkor, the Ta Keo temple was possibly the first to be built entirely of sandstone by the Khmer Empire.
Stretching over some 400 square kilometers, including forested area, Angkor contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. They include the famous Temple of Angkor Wat and the Bayon Temple with its countless sculptural decorations.
吴哥窟 图源：视觉中国
In the early 1990s, the site was under major threat. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has since set up a wide-ranging program to safeguard the site and its surroundings.
长期以来，东西方不少国家都积极参与了吴哥古迹的保护和修复工作。
此次中国移交的茶胶寺项目，是在联合国教科文组织保护吴哥古迹国际行动框架下，中国政府实施的第二处修复项目。
Over the years, many countries, from both the West and the East, have actively participated in the protection and restoration of Angkor.
The Ta Keo Temple Restoration Project that China handed over is the second restoration project undertaken by the Chinese under the auspice of UNESCO's ICC Angkor.
北京外国语大学柬埔寨研究中心主任顾佳赟接受中国日报采访时表示，中国在保护修复吴哥古迹方面非常务实，讲求实效。
Gu Jiayun, director of Beijing Foreign Studies University's Center for Cambodian Studies, said that Chinese experts have shown a high degree of pragmatism in Angkor's restoration work.
据他介绍，中国承担的第一个保护修复工程是周萨神庙保护修复工程。这座寺庙的坍塌情况非常严重。
修复前，地面上只剩下地基和散落的石块。中国的文物修复专家一边学习研究吴哥历史和艺术风格，一边拼接石块，花费4年时间完成修复，并交付柬方。
2022年7月，中国工作队在修复茶胶寺 图源：新华社
中国与吴哥古迹的渊源
《真腊风土记》图源：视觉中国
Zhou Daguan, a Chinese diplomat of the Yuan Dynasty arrived at Angkor as early as 1296 as a member of a delegation sent to Cambodia on behalf of Yuan Dynasty Emperor Temur Khan. Zhou lived there for a year and later wrote a detailed report on life in Angkor, The Customs of Cambodia.
其次如国戚大臣等屋，制度广袤，与常人家迥别；周围皆用草盖，独家庙及正寝二处许用瓦。亦各随其官之等级，以为屋室广狭之制。
The dwellings of the princes and principal officials had a completely different layout and dimensions from those of the people. All the outlying buildings were thatched; only the family temple and the principal apartment could be covered in tiles. The official rank of each person determined the size of the houses.
自国主以下，男女皆椎髻袒裼，止以布围腰。出入则加以大布一条，缠于小布之上。
From the king down, the men and women would all wear their hair wound up in a knot, and go naked to the waist, wrapped only in a cloth. When they went out and about they wound a larger piece of cloth over a smaller one.
“周达观撰写的《真腊风土记》完整记录了古代吴哥王朝的风貌，是中外学者开展吴哥历史文化研究的必读文献。所以，今天的中国考古工作者是在古人的基础上，继续从事理解吴哥文化的研究工作，”顾佳赟说。
1819年，法国的J.P.A.雷慕沙首先将《真腊风土记》译成法文，从而让欧洲人了解到了关于吴哥窟的传说。
1857年，驻马德望的法国传教士夏尔·艾米尔·布意孚神父著《1848—1856印度支那旅行记：安南与柬埔寨》，报告吴哥状况，但未引人注意。
直到1861年，法国生物学家亨利·穆奥（Henri Mouhot）为寻找热带动物，到柬埔寨旅行，在原始森林中再次发现了宏伟惊人的吴哥的古庙遗迹，并通过素描告诉世人，周达观《真腊风土记》中所描述的那个“业已消失了的吴哥城”不是传说，而是事实。
亨利·穆奥作 《吴哥窟廊门图》 图源：维基百科
吴哥古迹是古代柬埔寨人缔造的奇迹，也是古代柬埔寨人贡献给全人类的建筑奇迹。柬埔寨视吴哥为象征民族精神的文化符号。1953年独立以来，柬埔寨的每一届政权都在国旗上使用吴哥形象。
顾佳赟表示，中方帮助柬埔寨保护修复吴哥古迹，就是在帮助柬埔寨保护其最珍视的瑰宝，也是中柬“铁杆友谊”的文化表达。
China's restoration work is helping Cambodia protect its most cherished treasure. It is also a reflection of the ironclad friendship between China and Cambodia, Gu said.
他还指出，保护修复吴哥古迹既有文化意义，也要有经济效益。吴哥古迹坐落的省份暹粒省是一座标准的旅游省份。大部分民众都从事与旅游相关的行业。做好保护吴哥古迹的工作，就是在保护当地民众的“饭碗”，也是在帮助柬埔寨保护发展绿色产业、绿色经济的基础。
记者：莫竞西
编辑：左卓
来源：联合国教科文组织官网 维基百科 纪录片《Treasure Seekers-Glories Of Angkor Wat》 中国日报
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