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本周二，俄亥俄州的选民将决定堕胎和大麻这两个热门社会问题的未来。

选民将在11月7日决定是否批准1号提案和2号提案，以及一系列其他地方选举和征税。1号提案将在州宪法中规定堕胎和其他生殖保健的权利。2号提案是一项发起的法规，将使21岁及以上成年人的娱乐性大麻合法化。

这两项提案都有各自的复杂性，以下是关于每项提案常见问题的解答。

什么是俄亥俄州1号提案？

1号提案将在州宪法中规定堕胎的权利，直至胎儿存活，即胎儿在采取合理措施的情况下可以在子宫外存活。它还规定了获得避孕、流产护理、生育治疗和继续妊娠的权利。

俄亥俄州1号提案与罗伊诉韦德案相比有何不同？

俄亥俄州第1号提案和美国最高法院在 "罗伊诉韦德 "一案中的判决都使用 "存活期 "来决定何时允许堕胎。它们都允许在妊娠晚期--即 "存活期后"--进行堕胎，以保护患者的生命或健康。

俄亥俄州1号提案会让未成年人在未经父母同意的情况下堕胎吗？

批评者认为会，因为该措施使用了 "个人 "或 "怀孕患者 "一词，而不是 "妇女"。支持者说，他们选择这个词是为了包容变性人和非二元人。修正案本身并未明确提及父母同意。

俄亥俄州目前要求未成年人必须征得父母的同意，如果该修正案获得通过，法官将最终决定该法律是否违反该修正案。法律专家对这一结果看法不一。儿童的权利通常比成年人少，一些律师预计共和党倾向的州最高法院不会大幅扩大这些权利。

另一方面，总检察长约斯特（Dave Yost）的办公室表示，"无法保证俄亥俄州的父母同意法将继续有效"。

俄亥俄州1号提案是否允许在婴儿出生前堕胎？

这是该提案反对者的另一个论点。根据该提案，为了挽救孕妇的生命或健康，允许在胎儿存活后进行堕胎。这一决定将由患者的医生做出。

这意味着怀孕晚期的堕胎可能会发生，尽管这种情况在俄亥俄州乃至全国都极为罕见。提案1的支持者表示，只有在困难、可能危及生命的情况下，才会在怀孕晚期进行堕胎，而不是一时兴起。

俄亥俄州2号提案是什么？

拟议的法律将允许21岁及以上的俄亥俄州人拥有2.5盎司除提取物以外的任何形式的大麻和15克提取物。他们还可以单独种植最多6株大麻，在有多名成年人的家庭中最多种植12株大麻。

产品将在俄亥俄州销售税的基础上再征收 10%的税。税收将用于大麻社会公平和就业计划、开设药房的城市、打击药物滥用的州基金以及行政费用。

如果俄亥俄州 2号提案获得通过，您可以在公共场所吸烟吗？

目前这个问题还有点模糊。根据该提案，在 "公共场所 "吸食大麻将被处以轻微轻罪。但提案同时指出，业主和 "任何公共场所 "可以自行决定是否允许或禁止吸食大麻。

俄亥俄州2号提案是否取消大麻定罪？

不会。虽然其他州的成人使用大麻计划自动取消了某些逮捕或定罪记录，但俄亥俄州的提案并不包括这一点。

相反，俄亥俄州制定了社会公平计划，以帮助那些因执行大麻法律而受到严重影响的企业主。这包括因种族、性别、民族或经济状况而处于不利地位的人。有大麻被捕或定罪记录的人，或其父母、子女或配偶有大麻被捕或定罪记录的人也符合条件。

立法机构会废除俄亥俄州提案2吗？

由于2号提案是一项发起法规，立法者可以自由修改或废除选民批准的版本。不过，尽管共和党领导人不赞成娱乐性大麻，但完全废除似乎不太可能。相反，他们可能会考虑收入分配问题，或提出更多要求。

附注：如果2号提案获得通过，大麻控制部将在新法律的范围内制定具体的计划规则。

如何在俄亥俄州提前亲自投票

缺席投票可在当地选举委员会办公室或县指定的提前投票中心亲自进行。

所有地点的投票时间相同：

11月1日至3日：上午7:30至下午7:30

11 月 4 日：上午 8:00 至下午 4:00

11月5日：下午1点至5点

俄亥俄州的选民身份证法是什么？

一项新的州法律不再允许选民使用公用事业账单和其他文件作为领取选票的身份证明。

現在，在選舉日或提前投票期間親自投票的選民必須出示附有照片的身份證件。要通过邮寄方式投票，选民必须提供带有照片的身份证件副本、驾驶执照号码或社会保障号码的最后四位数字。

居民可在当地机动车辆管理局副登记员处免费领取州身份证。更多信息请访问 bmv.ohio.gov

俄亥俄州的 11 月选举是什么时候？

投票站于11月7日（星期二）上午6:30开放，下午7:30关闭。要查看您的投票站位置、查看选票样本等，请访问 voteohio.gov

英文原文：

Election Day is Tuesday: What you need to know about Ohio Issues 1 and 2

Haley BeMiller

In Ohio on Tuesday, voters will determine the future of two hot-button social issues - abortion and marijuana.

Voters will decide Nov. 7 whether to approve Issue 1 and Issue 2, along with a range of other local races and levies. Issue 1 would enshrine the right to an abortion and other reproductive health care in the state constitution. Issue 2 is an initiated statute that would legalize recreational marijuana for adults 21 and older.

Both are complex in their own ways, so here are some answers to common questions about each measure.

What is Ohio Issue 1?

Issue 1 would enshrine in the state constitution the right to an abortion up until viability, which is when a fetus can survive outside the uterus with reasonable measures. It also states that there's a right to access contraception, miscarriage care, fertility treatment and continuing a pregnancy.

How does Ohio Issue 1 compare to Roe v. Wade?

Both Issue 1 and the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade use viability to dictate when most abortions are allowed. And they each allow abortions later in pregnancy − or post-viability − to protect the patient's life or health.

Would Ohio Issue 1 let minors get abortions without parental consent?

Critics say so, because the measure uses the term "individual" or "pregnant patient" instead of "woman." Supporters say they chose that word to be inclusive of transgender and nonbinary people. The amendment itself does not expressly mention parental consent.

Ohio currently requires minors to get their parents' approval, and judges will ultimately decide if that law violates the amendment, should it pass. Legal experts are mixed on how this could turn out. Children generally have fewer rights than adults, and some attorneys don't expect a Republican-leaning state Supreme Court to greatly expand those rights.

Attorney General Dave Yost's office, on the other hand, said "there is no guarantee that Ohio’s parental-consent law will remain in effect."

More:Ohio Issue 1: What do different religions say about abortion?

Would Ohio Issue 1 allow abortions up until birth?

This is another talking point among the issue's opponents. Under the proposal, abortions after viability would be allowed to save the pregnant patient's life or health. That decision would be made by the person's doctor.

That means abortions later in pregnancy could happen, although they're extremely rare in Ohio and nationwide. Proponents of Issue 1 say abortions later in pregnancy occur only under difficult, potentially life-threatening circumstances and don't happen on a whim.

What is Ohio Issue 2?

The proposed law would allow Ohioans age 21 and older to possess 2.5 ounces of cannabis in any form except extract and 15 grams of extract. They could also grow up to six plants individually and no more than 12 in a household with multiple adults.

Products would be taxed 10% on top of Ohio's sales tax. The revenue would go toward a cannabis social equity and jobs program, municipalities with dispensaries, a state fund to combat substance abuse and administrative costs.

Could you smoke in public if Ohio Issue 2 passes?

That's a little murky at this point. Under the proposal, using marijuana in "public areas" would land someone with a minor misdemeanor. But it also says property owners and "any public place" could decide for themselves whether to allow or ban marijuana use.

Does Ohio Issue 2 expunge marijuana convictions?

No. While other states automatically expunged certain arrests or convictions as part of their adult-use marijuana programs, Ohio's proposal does not include that.

Instead, it establishes the social equity program to help business owners who are disproportionately affected by the enforcement of marijuana laws. This would include people who are disadvantaged based on their race, gender, ethnicity or economic status. People with marijuana arrests or convictions on their record − or with a parent, child or spouse who has one − would also qualify.

Will the Legislature repeal Ohio Issue 2?

Since Issue 2 is an initiated statute, lawmakers are free to change or toss out the version that voters approve. But even though GOP leaders disapprove of recreational marijuana, a total repeal seems unlikely. They may instead look at the revenue distribution or impose additional requirements.

A quick side note: If Issue 2 passes, the Division of Cannabis Control will hash out specific program rules within the parameters of the new law.

How to vote early in-person in Ohio

Absentee ballots can be cast in-person at local board of elections offices or the county's designated early voting center.

All locations have the same hours:

• Nov. 1-3: 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.

• Nov. 4: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.

• Nov. 5: 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

What is Ohio's voter ID law?

A new state law no longer allows voters to use utility bills and other documents as identification to receive a ballot.

Now, a photo ID is required for in-person voting, either on Election Day or during the early voting period. To cast a ballot by mail, voters must provide a copy of their photo ID, driver's license number or the last four digits of their Social Security number.

Free state IDs are available to residents at local Bureau of Motor Vehicles deputy registrar locations. More information can be found at bmv.ohio.gov.

When is the November election in Ohio?

Polls open Tuesday, Nov. 7 at 6:30 a.m. and close at 7:30 p.m. To check your polling location, view a sample ballot and more, visit voteohio.gov.

USA TODAY Network Ohio Bureau reporter Jessie Balmert contributed.

Haley BeMiller is a reporter for the USA TODAY Network Ohio Bureau, which serves the Columbus Dispatch, Cincinnati Enquirer, Akron Beacon Journal and 18 other affiliated news organizations across Ohio.

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