人类首部太空实拍电影！导演：空间站里望见长城

2021年10月5日，在人类电影史上是一个特殊的日子。

这一天，有一个仅有两名成员的电影剧组（crew），乘坐俄罗斯“联盟MS-19”飞船抵达国际空间站（International Space Station, or ISS），并在随后的11天内完成了人类首次在太空拍摄电影的活动。

日前，这部名为《挑战》（The Challenge）的电影已引进内地，在豆瓣上取得7.9分的高分。

女主角尤利娅·佩尔西尔德（Yulia Peresild）也在不久前来北京为这部影片进行宣传。在短短三天的时间里，她学会了用普通话“太空姐”进行自我介绍，游历了南锣鼓巷、长城、鼓楼等景点，和中国的科普“顶流们”促膝而谈，回忆起三年前那个创造历史的太空之旅。

Despite a tight schedule, Peresild, a 40-year-old native from Pskov in northwestern Russia, participated in a series of activities, from sharing her space-travel stories with Beijing fans, to visiting scenic spots like the historic Great Wall and the bustling Nanluoguxiang lane. She has also learned to introduce herself in Mandarin and was given the nickname "Tai Kong Jie (Outer Space Sister)" by her Chinese fans.

电影的情节并不复杂。故事讲述一个宇航员在太空舱外作业时意外受伤，女主角作为外科医生被紧急送往国际空间站对他进行手术，因为当时受伤宇航员的身体状况，已无法支撑他回到地球接受手术。整个故事，除了烘托出争分夺秒抢救生命的紧张氛围，也因为在太空实拍这个史无前例的操作，让观众们得以随着女主角一起，在大银幕上一睹宇航员们是如何在距离地球400公里的国际空间站生活和工作的。

The film fictionalizes the story of a female surgeon sent to space to perform an operation on an injured cosmonaut. In addition to the tense plot racing against time to save a life, the movie showcases stunning images of space, leading the audience to travel with the actress for a closer look at how cosmonauts work and live inside the ISS, which orbits over 400 kilometers above sea level.

3年前，佩尔西尔德从3000名候选人中脱颖而出，在俄罗斯的一个宇航员培训中心经过了为期3个半月高强度的训练，和导演克利姆·希片科在一名俄罗斯宇航员向导的帮助下，飞往国际空间站。当他们在傍晚时分抵达国际空间站时，还有来自俄罗斯和其他国家的七名宇航员们在国际空间站欢迎他们。

Peresild, who was selected from 3,000 candidates three years ago, recalls that she and director Klim Shipenko underwent rigorous training for three and a half months at a cosmonaut training center in Russia in 2021. After completing the space flight and docking at the ISS in the afternoon, Peresild recalls that they received a welcome from seven other astronauts, including those from Russia and several other countries such as the United States.

在开始太空之旅前，佩尔西尔德曾给两个女儿写了一份告别信，但直到最近给她记录那段特殊经历的书《宝贝！这是太空》录制音频时，她的女儿们才知道这一段过往，两个小姑娘哭得非常伤心。

Before her historic space journey, Peresild wrote a farewell letter to her two young daughters. She only recently shared it with them while recording her book, "It's Space, Baby!", detailing her journey. Her two daughters were moved to tears. 

佩尔西尔德作为女演员登陆太空的第一人，虽然那段经历需要莫大的勇气，也面对许多未知的风险。但真正到了太空之后，也有不少有趣的小插曲。比如，在太空不太用担心发胖。一个宇航员每天所需的热量是3000卡路里左右，佩尔西尔德在太空中虽然疲惫，胃口不错，而且开始更偏重于重口味的食物。她还发现：美国舱的咖啡不错，而俄罗斯舱的罐头食品更好吃些。

The good news about space is that people may not need to worry about gaining weight. Mentioning that an astronaut’s regular caloric intake is around 3,000 calories each day, Peresild recalls she had a good appetite and found she tended to favor spicier foods while in space. "The coffee in the American module is quite good, but the canned food in the Russian module is tastier," she commented.

作为一个人员极其精简的剧组，佩尔西尔德需要自己化妆。因为太空中是失重状态，她在每个化妆品背后，都装了粘钩，以防这些瓶瓶罐罐直接飘走了。

Another lesson Peresild had learned was how to adapt to the microgravity in space. As their crew only consisted of two members, the actress had to do her own makeup, using sticky hooks to keep cosmetic items in place and prevent them from floating away.

在国际空间站的舱内，能透过窗户看外面浩瀚无垠的太空。但可能很少有人知道，看风景也是有风险的。佩尔西尔德在北京的映后活动上，曾回忆说他们曾透过俄罗斯舱的窗户，看到地球和太阳近乎重叠，边缘处是一条细细的蓝色弧线。

那景象极为美丽，导演当时就让她靠过去，想抓紧时间拍摄，可就是靠在窗户上的那短短30秒钟，她就被晒伤了。因为没有地球臭氧层的保护，在太空中紫外线的辐射很强烈。

Looking out of the window of the Russian module offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to witness a spectacular view, but it can also pose dangers. Peresild recalls a moment when the director instructed her to remain near the window as the Earth was aligning closely with the sun. "We could see a blue arc line at the edges of the sun and Earth. He exclaimed, 'Wow, it’s incredibly beautiful. Stay right here. Don't move.' The entire sequence lasted just 30 seconds. However, after that shot, I ended up with a sunburn," she reminisces. Without the protection of ozone layer that sits in the stratosphere to shield all creatures on the Earth, it's easy to be harmed by the ultraviolet rays.

有趣的是，《挑战》剧组的这次非凡经历，还让他们先于汤姆·克鲁斯和好莱坞实现了在太空上拍电影的壮举。早在2020年，阿汤哥就曾传出消息，要和导演道格·里曼一起借助埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX项目，前往太空拍片。但尽管这个计划迄今还未实现，但据早在《挑战》筹备之初，就和俄罗斯片方有密切关系的中俄交流代表杜粮回忆，在俄罗斯剧组从太空拍完回来后，阿汤哥给导演希片科打了电话，很感兴趣地询问了在太空拍摄的一些细节。

In 2020, Hollywood star Tom Cruise was reported to be planning, with director Doug Liman, to film in space with the aid of Elon Musk's SpaceX program. The plan has yet to be fulfilled. Shortly after The Challenge wrapped up shooting, Cruise contacted Shipenko to inquire about the details of filmmaking in space, as he was very interested in the process, recalls Du Liang, a Chinese filmmaker who has been engaged in the cinematic exchange between China and Russia.

在去年11月时，导演希片科曾在2023年中国金鸡百花电影节期间在厦门举办时来到中国。杜粮告诉中国日报记者，因为他记得以前曾在课本上读到，人类可以在太空里看见长城，所以在见到导演后，忍不住向他当面求证，他问导演是否真的在国际空间站里望见过长城。导演特别肯定地回复说，他在太空上看见长城了，而且一天看见好几次。

When Du met the director during the Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival held in Xiamen, Fujian province, in November last year, the Chinese producer asked if the director had really seen the Great Wall from the ISS, as the depiction of spacemen observing the iconic Chinese fortifications had been etched in his mind from the school textbook. Shipenko replied, "Yes, I saw the Great Wall from outer space. Several times in one day. It made me very excited," he recalls.

国际空间站在24小时内绕地球运行16圈，会经历16次日出和日落。所以，导演的确能比地球上的每一个人，都更快地“环游”地球，在很短的时间内，对地球上的地标式景观大饱眼福。

According to the website of NASA, the international space station makes 16 orbits of Earth, traveling through 16 sunrises and sunsets, in 24 hours. So, the director can indeed ‘travel around’ the Earth faster than anyone on Earth, taking a glimpse of the iconic landscapes on Earth in a short time.

记者：徐帆

编辑：朱迪齐