意大利和中国考古团队对文化遗产保护和利用的贡献

2024-06-14 01:06

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2024年5月30日至31日《意大利和中国考古团队对文化遗产保护和利用的贡献》国际会议（下称“会议”）于浙江大学紫金港校区安中大楼A106报告厅召开。本次会议由浙江大学建筑工程学院主办，浙江大学艺术与考古学院联合主办，意大利驻沪总领事馆、意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处、意大利特雷卡尼百科全书研究所、意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会、建筑历史与遗产保护国际中心、当地策划人共同支持。本次国际会议，旨在促进中意两国专家在历史、考古及历史遗产修复领域的交流。在意大利驻沪总领事馆和意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处的大力支持下，中意两国的合作伙伴关系将迈出关键一步。同时得益于意大利特雷卡尼百科全书研究院和意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会（ISMEO）的重要协作，本次会议也将进一步深化中意文化交流。

On the 30th to the 3lst of May 2024, the Contribution of Italian and Chinese Archaeological Missions to the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") was held in A 106 lecture hall of the Anzhong Building, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University. This highly esteemed event was organised by Zhejiang University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, the Consulate General of ltaly in Shanghai, the ltalian Cultural institute in Shanghai, the ltalian Encyclopaedia Institute Treccani, the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (lSMEO), the School of Art and Archaeology, the International Centre of History, Critic of Architecture, and Restoration of Historical Heritage (lCHCR), and local partners. The aim of this international conference was to promote Sino-ltalian exchanges between experts in history, archaeology, and the restoration of historical heritage. This is also a crucial step in the partnership between ltaly and China due to the support of the Consulate General of ltaly in Shanghai and the ltalian Cultural Institute in Shanghai, to whom much thanks is given.

合影

Group photo of all the organizers, sponsors, keynote speakers and other stockholders at the conference. Taken by the authors

Finally, this conference will further develop cultural ties between Italy and China with the crucial contribution of the Italian Encyclopaedia Institute Treccani and ISMEO - The International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies.

浙江大学副校长周江洪发表讲话

Picture of Zhou Jianghong, the vice president of Zhejiang University, as he delivered a speech.

Taken by authors.

5月30日下午，会议开幕式在安中大楼A106隆重举行。意大利驻沪总领事馆总领事Tiziana D'Angelo、意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会（ISMEO）主席Adriano Valerio Rossi、意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处处长Francesco D'Arelli、博洛尼亚大学教授Pierfrancesco Callieri、那不勒斯东方大学教授Anna Filigenzi、北京大学教授、云冈研究院院长杭侃等20余位中意专家学者参加了本次会议。同时，浙江大学副校长周江洪、浙江大学建筑工程学院党委副书记（主持工作）兼副院长陈海荣、浙江大学艺术与考古学院院长赵丰、浙江大学建筑工程学院建筑设计及其理论研究所所长贺勇、浙江大学建筑工程学院求是特聘教授Paolo Vincenzo Genovese出席了本次会议的开幕式。

The opening ceremony of the conference was held in A106, Anzhong Building, in the afternoon on the 30th of May. More than 20 Chinese and Italian authorities, experts, and scholars attended the meeting, including Tiziana D'Angelo, Consul General of the Consulate Generalof Italy in Shanghai; Adriano Valerio Rossi, the director of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO); Francesco D'Arelli, the director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai; Pierfrancesco Callieri, Professor of Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna; Anna Filigenzi, Professor from Università di Napoli L'Orientale; and Hang Kan, the director of Yungang Research Institute, to mention a few. Also to grace the event were Zhou Jianghong, the Vice President of Zhejiang University; Chen Hairong, the Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Associate Dean of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University; Zhao Feng, the director of the School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University; He Yong, the director of the Institute of Architectural Design and Theory of the School of Civil Engineering of Zhejiang University; and Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, Distinguished Professor from the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University.

意大利驻沪总领事馆总领事Tiziana D'Angelo女士发表讲话

Tiziana D'Angelo, the Consul General of the Consulate Generalof Italy in Shanghai. The picture taken as she delivered a speech on the 30^th of May at the conference. Picture taken by authors

开幕式由浙江大学建筑工程学院副院长段元锋主持，他首先对与会嘉宾的到场表示了热烈欢迎与诚挚感谢。接着，浙江大学副校长周江洪致欢迎词，他表示此次会议是见证一场知识的盛宴，中意专家学者将一起探讨文化遗产保护与利用的未来。交流学术观点，分享研究成果。意大利中国都是世界考古和建筑遗产非常丰富的国家，意大利外交与国际合作部就在全球范围内资助了207项考古项目，获得了技术方法及战略的重大成果。中国丰富的历史遗迹资源与意大利的科学兴趣完美契合，蕴藏着巨大的合作潜力。希望可以通过本次国际交流，有效联结中国专家与意大利相关机构，展示意大利在考古和遗产保护领域的先进技术方法，探索共同的兴趣和和更加紧密的合作关系。

The opening ceremony was presided over by Duan Yuanfeng, the Vice Dean of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Zhejiang University, who first expressed his warm welcome and sincere thanks to the guests. This speech was followed by a welcome speech delivered by Zhou Jianghong, the Vice President of Zhejiang University, reminding us what a momentous occasion this was by saying, “The conference hall stands as a witness to a feast of knowledge and the discussion that Chinese and Italian experts and scholars will have on the future of cultural heritage protection and utilisation and exchange academic views and share research results.” In his speech, Professor Zhou Jianghong reminded us that Italy and China are both countries with the richest archaeological and architectural heritage in the world, and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation has funded 207 archaeological projects around the world and achieved significant results in technical methods and strategies. China's abundant historical heritage resources perfectly match Italy's scientific interests, and there is great potential for cooperation. Furthermore, Professor Zhou Jianghong shared his hope that through this international exchange, Chinese experts and Italian institutions could be effectively connected to showcase Italy's advanced technological methods in the field of archaeology and heritage conservation and to explore common interests and closer cooperation.

意大利驻沪总领事馆总领事Tiziana D'Angelo女士表示这次会议是对意大利和中国都非常重要的领域的重要会议。考古修复研究的目标是更好解释和理解当今世界，考古学家是真正非凡的语言诠释者，考古学作为一门与过去有着深刻联系的学科，在共建未来方面发挥着非常重要的作用。意大利和中国是两个伟大的文化强国，共同拥有上千年的历史，为知识和技术的共享提供了独一无二的机会。总领事表示希望可以以这次会议为契机，继续加强这一文化推广活动，与浙江大学成为非常重要的基本合作伙伴，继续合作组织更多的活动，促进中意两国专家在历史、考古及历史遗产修复领域的交流。

Tiziana D'Angelo, the Consul General of the Consulate General of Italy in Shanghai, said in her speech that “this conference room is an important meeting in areas of great importance for both Italy and China. The goal of conservation research is to better explain and understand the world today. Archaeologists are extraordinary language interpreters and archaeology, a discipline with a deep connection to the past, plays a significant role in co-building the future. Italy and China are two great cultural powers, with a shared history of more than 1,000 years, offering a unique opportunity for knowledge and technology exchange.” The Consul General expressed hope that the conference could be used as an opportunity to strengthen partnerships with Zhejiang University, to continue to strengthen cultural promotion and to cooperate in organizing more activities that promote the exchange of experts between China and Italy in the fields of history, archaeology, and historical heritage restoration.

意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会主席Adriano Valerio Rossi发表讲话

Picture of Adriano Valerio Rossi, President of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO), as he was delivering a speech on May 30, 2024, during the conference. Picture taken by the authors.

意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处处长Francesco D'Arelli发表讲话

A picture of Francesco D'Arelli, the director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai. This picture was taken as he was delivering a speech on May 30, 2024, during the conference. Taken by the authors.

建筑工程学院副院长段元锋发表讲话

This picture shows Duan Yuanfeng, the Vice Dean of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Zhejiang University, as he delivered a speech on the 30th of May at the conference. Taken by authors.

浙江大学建筑工程学院党委副书记兼副院长陈海荣发表讲话

Chen Hairong is the Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Associate Dean of CCEA, Zhejiang University. Picture taken as he delivered a speech on May 30,2024, at the conference. Taken by the authors

浙江大学艺术与考古学院院长赵丰发表讲话

Picture of Zhao Feng, Director of the School of Art and Archaeology at Zhejiang University, as he delivered a speech at the conference on May 30,2024. Taken by the authors.

浙江大学建筑工程学院建筑设计及其理论研究所所长贺勇发表讲话

He Yong is the Vice Dean of the School of Civil Engineering and the Director of the Institute of Architectural Design and Theory, School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University. The picture was taken as he delivered a speech during the conference. Taken by the authors

建筑工程学院特聘教授罗杰威教授发表讲话

Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, Distinguished Professor and Director of the International Centre of History, Critic of Architecture, and Restoration of Historical Heritage (ICHCR), College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, delivered a speech at the conference. Taken by the authors.

开幕式结束后，本次会议共有15场报告，包括北京大学教授山西云冈石窟研究院杭侃院长的《云冈石窟保护工作》，山东大学姜波教授的《宋元时期沉船考古发现与研究》，西北大学邵会秋教授的《西北大学中亚考古队的丝绸之路考古实践》，浙江大学刁常宇副教授的《石窟寺庙的数字化和3D打印复制》，中国社会科学院考古研究所温成浩的《罗马尼亚多布罗夫-罗马尼亚联合考古项目：初步成果》，博洛尼亚大学（ISMEO）Pierfrancesco Callieri教授的《波斯波利斯（伊朗）的修复、保护与考古工作—“从宫殿到城市”：伊朗-意大利联合考古队在法尔斯省的项目》，帕多瓦大学（ISMEO）Massimo Vidale副教授的《哈特拉遗址（伊拉克）冲突后的重建与保护：一个全球性挑战》，那不勒斯东方大学Anna Filigenzi教授的《问残垣：保护阿富汗土质遗产的策略》，那不勒斯东方大学Bruno Genito教授的《中亚及周边地区考古遗迹的保存与保护、泥砖和泥墙、保护或重建、理论和实践方面的限制》，罗马第三大学（ISMEO）副教授Mario Micheli的《中国文化遗产研究院中意培训保护中心创建二十年后的影响与评估》，威尼斯大学（ISMEO）副教授Luca M. Olivieri的《作为综合发展项目工具的古迹修复。15年的大规模巴基斯坦斯瓦特文化遗产ISMEO项目》；意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会（ISMEO)董事会成员Roberto Ciarla的《西安文物保护修复中心》，意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会（ISMEO)项目总监Danilo Rosati的《古迹记录：支持历史遗迹和文化遗产保存的新技术》，帕多瓦大学副教授Giuseppe Salemi的《佛教艺术框架下三维数据获取与处理的新策略》，那不勒斯东方大学（ISMEO）教授Chiara Zazzaro的《印尼-意大利造船濒危知识项目，沉船和船舶重建》。这些专家学者结合自身研究经历及研究项目分享了其在考古技术、理念、方法等方面的经验，为我们带来了一场考古学的知识盛宴。

After the opening ceremony, there were 15 lectures given at the conference on the 30^th and 31^st of May by Chinese and Italian experts. The Chinese experts gave lectures on: The Protection Work of Yungang Grottoes by Hang Kan, Professor at Peking University and Director of Shanxi Yungang Grottoes; Archaeological Discoveries and Research on Sunken Ships During the Song and Yuan Dynasties by Professor Jiang Bo from Shandong University; The Archaeological Practice of the Silk Road by the Central Asian Archaeological Team of Northwestern University by Professor Shao Huiqiu from Northwest University; Digitalization and 3D Printing Replication of Grotto Temples by Associate Professor Diao Changyu from Zhejiang University and Archaeological Exploration and 3D Printing Reproduction of Grotto Temples by Wen Chenghao from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Furthermore, the Italian experts gave lectures on: Restoration, Conservation and Archaeology at Persepolis (Iran), From Palace to Town; A Project of the Iranian-Italian Joint Archaeological Mission in Fars, a collaboration of ISMEO, University of Bologna and Shiraz, Restauratori Senza Frontiere-Italy, from 2005-2019 presented by Prof. Pierfrancesco Callieri, from Università di Bologna and ISMEO; Post-conflict Rehabilitation and Conservation of the Monumental Site of Hatra (Iraq), A Global Challenge by Associate Professor Università di Padova; Ask the Fragment, Strategies to Preserve the Earthen Heritage of Afghanistan by Professor Anna Filigenzi from the Eastern University of Naples; The Preservation and Conservation of Archaeological Relics in Central Asia and Surroundings: Mud Bricks and Walls, Conservation or Rebuilding: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Limitations by Professor Bruno Genito from the Eastern Università di of Napoli L’ Orientale and ISMEO; Twenty Years after the Creation of the Sino-Italian Training Conservation Center at the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage: An Assessment of the Effects by Associate Professor Mario Micheli from Università Roma Tre; Restoration of Monuments as a Tool for Integrated Development Projects: 15 Years of Large-scale ISMEO Projects on Cultural Heritage in Swat, Pakistan by Luca M. Olivieri, Associate Professor at Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 1995-1998; The Xi'an Centre for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Relics by Roberto Ciarla, Board Member of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO); The Documentation of Monuments: New Technologies to Support the Preservation of Historical Sites and Cultural Heritage by Danilo Rosati, Project Director of ISMEO; New Strategies for 3D Data Acquisition and Processing in the Framework of Buddhist Art by Giuseppe Salemi, Associate Professor at Università di Padova and; The Indonesian-Italian Boatbuilding Endangered Knowledge Project: Shipwrecks and Ship Reconstruction by Chiara Zazzaro, professor at the Università di Napoli L'Orientale and ISMEO. These experts and scholars shared their experience in archaeological technology, concepts, and methods based on their own research experience and research projects, bringing us a feast of archaeological knowledge.

在第一天的圆桌会议环节，Adriano Valerio Rossi教授、沈国强教授、温成浩研究员、Pierfrancesco Callieri教授、Bruno Genito教授、王雷老师针对主持人罗杰威教授提出的三个问题根据个人的经验展开了讨论。其中，在有关“历史和过去是什么”的讨论中，各位专家普遍认为这个问题很复杂。温成浩研究员认为历史的概念非常广，它就像一个芭比娃娃，你可以用你喜欢的方式去装饰它，但是内核却永远不变；历史和过去是人类了解过去、探索未来的重要基础；历史学家和考古学家的历史使命就是找出历史模式，把握它，并找到应对各种情况的处理方法。沈国强教授认为历史像一面镜子，不管好与坏，美与丑，都会真实的记录下来；Bruno Genito教授认为如果没有历史和过去，人类就没有未来；Pierfrancesco Callieri教授与Adriano Valerio Rossi教授一致认为，历史是基于资料的，而考古学将资料提供给历史学家，这其实和书面资料是一致的，都需要正确解读，历史学家应该认可考古学家为他们的工作提供的资料；生态资料可以为书面资料做补充；同时学者们也探讨了一种通用语言的可能性。王雷老师从建筑学的角度出发，认为实际上真正事物的发展不一定是一个递进的方式，可能在过去发生的一些事情中采用了某些非常简单的方式解决了现代人认为很复杂的问题；同时，虽然过去离我们非常遥远，但在某些方面它跟现代史同步的，同时也预示着未来它可能会发展的方向。

During the first-round table discussion held on May 30, 2024, on the first day of the conference, Prof. Adriano Valerio Rossi, Prof. Shen Guoqiang, Prof. Wen Chenghao, Prof. Pierfrancesco Callieri, Prof. Bruno Genito, and Prof. Wang Lei had a meaningful dialogue on three questions raised by the host, Prof. Paolo Vincenzo Genovese. During the discourse, the five aforementioned experts concluded that the question is generally considered complex by most experts. Using the unlikely metaphor of history as a Barbie doll, Prof. Wen Chenghao illustrated that history can be very wide. He was quoted as saying, “So you can dress up this Barbie doll in the way you like, but inside this Barbie doll is its body or inner core, much like history and the past, which are important inner cores for human beings, relevant for understanding the past and looking forward to the future.” Professor Shen articulated his understanding of history by likening it to a mirror. He explained that “history is like a mirror; whether good or bad, beauty and ugliness will be recorded truthfully.” Similarly, Professor Bruno Genito expressed his belief that, without history and the past, humanity has no future. Professors Pierfrancesco Callieri and Adriano Valerio Rossi agreed that history is based on sources and that archaeology provides some of these sources, which consequently are what historians use to document the past as they are consistent with written information. However, this information needs to be interpreted correctly. Furthermore, they both expressed the need for historians to recognise the efforts of archaeologists in their work, which is the information they provide: the ecological sources are well preserved, complementing the written sources. Finally, both scholars discussed how scholars have also been exploring the possibility of a universal language. From an architectural perspective, Prof. Wang Lei gave credence to the fact that the development of complex things does not necessarily mean progress. In the past, simple methods were used to solve problems that modern people think are very complex. Nevertheless, although the past is a distant time in memory, in some ways it is in synchrony with modern history, simultaneously indicating the developmental direction of the future.

另外一个问题是有关考古学及历史遗产保护在国家中所扮演角色的讨论。Pierfrancesco Callieri教授认为在考虑这个问题之前应该注意到考古学应该包含修复，考古和修复同样重要，但是这个概念并没有被大多数人接纳；同时，生态遗迹的使用与社会经济的联系也是一个非常有趣的主题，考古学有很多含义，对于某些领域来说，考古学就是一切。Bruno Genito教授认为对于这个问题的答案会因国家或时代而有很大不同，很难给予一个合理而统一的答案，但是他敢肯定中国现在对待考古学的态度是和现在的意大利及其它国家都是不同的；科学的方法需要科学的答案，历史的解释需要历史的解释，两者经常不容易结合在一起；考古挖掘到的物体、陶器、碎片不会讲话，对于很多史前历史是没有任何资料的，但是作为考古学家我们应该给出答案，在这种情况下，考古也是要有科学答案的，但是非常复杂。温成浩研究员作为中国年轻一代的考古学家，他认为考古学是政治、经济的一种延伸，尤其是近十年来，考古学越来越受重视，因为它是一种非常好的讲述历史的方式，用于巩固个人的民族认同感。沈国强教授提出，作为一个建筑师和规划师，他相信考古学家作为历史的科学家和先驱，为人类发现了新篇章，考古学家为我们确定了文化中最有价值的部分；对于规划师和建筑师而言是最为重要的工作之一是是否应该为城市建筑保留文化，同时也要学会诸如重复使用或者重新开发等处理冲突问题。王雷老师认为，规划专业面对的问题更宏观，而建筑相对微观，但是在与历史关联的过程中，建筑与现实的距离可能最为接近，与历史的融合度更高，所以汲取历史和过去的经验最多、最为频繁。Adriano Valerio Rossi教授提出融资和考古学以某种方式可以解释意大利考古学家与融资有关，不同的挖掘区域归属不同的部门赞助，并由不同原始行政部门组织，形成一个整体，成为意大利文化部，这在世界上是独一无二的。

Another concern raised was the strategic role that archaeology and the protection of historical heritage play in the panellists’ countries of origin. Professor Pierfrancesco Callieri thought that before considering the aforementioned issue, the fact that archaeology should always include reservations must be discussed first. Prof. Callieri further pointed out that, though it is evident that the need for careful excavation is very important, preservation of the remains is of equal importance. Furthermore, Prof. Callieri thinks that the link between the use of ecological monuments and socio-economics is a very interesting subject; archaeology has many meanings, and for some fields, archaeology is everything. Professor Bruno Genito was of the opinion that the answer to the aforementioned question will vary greatly between countries or eras, and it is difficult to give a reasonable and uniform answer. He, however, remarked that “China's current attitude towards archaeology is different from that of Italy and other countries today; the scientific method requires scientific answers, and the interpretation of history requires the interpretation of history, and the two are often not easily combined; excavated objects, pottery, and fragments do not speak; there are no sources for a lot of prehistory, but as archaeologists we should give answers, and in this case, archaeology also has scientific answers, but it is very complicated.” As a young generation of Chinese archaeologists, Professor Wen Chenghao believes that archaeology is an extension of politics and economics, especially in the past decade, when archaeology has become more and more important because it is a very good way to tell history and consolidate an individual's sense of national identity. As an architect and planners, Professor Shen Guoqiang proposed that, archaeologists are the scientists and forerunners of our history who discovered a new chapter, especially the very early chapters of a culture of human beings for us as a whole, whose important role is to decide whether we should preserve the culture or for a site for the building of our city, as well as learn to deal with conflicts such as reuse or redevelopment. Prof. Wang Lei was of the opinion that the problems faced by the planning profession are more macroscopic, while architecture is relatively microscopic, but in the process of relating to history, the distance between architecture and reality may be the closest, and the degree of integration with history is higher. Consequentially, architecture learns the most and most frequently from history and past experience. Professor Adriano Valerio Rossi shared that he has deduced that among Italian archaeologists, archaeology and financing are related. He explained that the different excavation sites are sponsored by different ministries and organised through different original administrations, as a whole forming the Italian Ministry of Culture, which is unique to Italy.

第二天圆桌会议中， Francesco D'Arelli处长、邵会秋教授、王晖教授、Anna Filigenzi教授、Chiara Zazzaro教授围绕主持人罗杰威教授提出的两个话题展开了讨论，1)在过去的20年里，考古领域取得了哪些重要的技术进步?这些新的改进或变化对你的实践或工作有何影响?2)“分散式博物馆”已日益成为当代重要的理论。意大利在这一领域进行了大量的研究和创新。请就这个话题给出解释。学者们一致认为技术的进步为考古工作的开展提供了很大帮助，但在技术辅助之外，Chiara Zazzaro 教授与Anna Filigenzi教授都强调了图绘在工作中的重要性，有利于研究者更全面地掌握对象的信息，把握研究路线。意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处处长Francesco D'Arelli更深入地讨论了目前人类对AI用途的探求，他认为人类作为科技的创造者、使用者，最终还是要自己思考原始的环境与社会的关系。王晖教授从建筑历史的角度思考了与考古学的联系，认为考古学是一门阐释根源的学科，对建筑学发展也意义匪浅，但学科之间相对割裂与封闭，呼吁未来在历史学、考古学、建筑学之间能够建立起多学科的交叉研究。

On the second day of the Round Table, Director Francesco D'Arelli, Professor Shao Huiqiu, Professor Wang Hui, Professor Anna Filigenzi, and Professor Chiara Zazzaro delivered an interesting discourse based on two topics raised by the host, Professor Paolo Vincenzo Genovese: 1) Over the last 20 years, what important technological improvements have been made in the area of archaeology? How have these new improvements or changes affected your practice or work? 2) ‘Diffuse Museum’ has increasingly become an important contemporary theory. Italy has undertaken a lot of research and innovation in this field. Can you give us your interpretation of this topic? In reference to the first question, all the scholars agreed that the progress of technology has been of great assistance in the development of archaeological work. However, both Professor Chiara Zazzaro and Professor Anna Filigenzi both emphasised the importance of hand drawing by archaeologists in their work, which is conducive for researchers to have a more comprehensive grasp of the information about the object(s) of study and grasping the research route, which they lamented that with the advancement in technology has come to an end or is in rarer use. Francesco D'Arelli, the Director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai, discussed in more depth the current exploration of the use of AI, being of the conviction that human beings, as creators and users of technology, ultimately have to think about the relationship between the primitive environment and society. Professor Wang Hui expressed that, from an architectural historical perspective, he deduced that archaeology is a discipline that interprets the roots and is of great significance to the development of architecture, but the disciplines are relatively separated and closed. He therefore called for the establishment of multidisciplinary research between history, archaeology, and architecture in the future.

意大利专家向中国专家提问

A picture of Prof Anna Filigenzi as she asked Chinese experts a question on the 30th of May 2024.

Taken by the authors

在回答第二个问题时，专家们根据自己的实践领域，各抒己见。意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处处长Francesco D'Arelli认为，比起一个新的博物馆的理念，今天的目光应该更多聚焦在对于历史的复兴，这两者是截然不同的概念，后者意味着，我们应该思考新的当代语境能够被年轻一代所接纳。博物馆不一定需要新的理念，而是把握当下已经拥有的东西，通过这些构建新的可能性。邵会秋教授认为，这二十年来，中国的博物馆发生了很大的变化，不再是一个建筑中的机构，而是更加数字化，注重观众的体验感与公众参与，逐渐形成了一个系统。Anna Filigenzi教授则以阿富汗的状况为例，说明了分散式博物馆的发展困境，作为学者，他们希望尝试找到“第三种”路径，能够应用在阿富汗及类似充满冲突的地区。王晖教授同意学者们对博物馆建立与当代关联性的观点；分散式博物馆，让展览由封闭到开放，与生活更加贴切，拉近与历史的距离。而除了形式的改变，他强调，历史与今天的联系一直存在，只是长久以来被忽视了，如何去呈现历史发展的连续性，对年轻一代非常重要的。

In response to the second question, the experts expressed their opinions according to their field of practice. Francesco D'Arelli, Director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai, was of the conviction that today's focus should be more on the revival of history than on the idea of a diffuse museum, which is a very different concept, implying that we should think of a new contemporary context that can be embraced by the younger generation. Museums don't necessarily need new ideas but rather grasp what they already have at the moment and build new possibilities through them. Professor Shao Huiqiu pointed out that in the past 20 years, China's museums have undergone great changes, no longer being an institution in architecture but more digital, focusing on the audience's sense of experience and public participation, and gradually forming a system. Professor Anna Filigenzi illustrated the dilemma of decentralised museums by citing the situation in Afghanistan as an example. She expressed that, as scholars, they should try to find a "third" path that can be applied to Afghanistan and similar conflict-ridden regions. Professor Wang Hui, in agreement with the opinions of the other scholars on the establishment of contemporary relevance of museums, was of the view that the concept of a diffused museum takes the exhibition from closed to open, making it more relevant to life and shortening the distance with history. In addition to the change of form, he emphasised that the connection between history and today has always existed, but it has been neglected for a long time. Furthermore, he expressed the need for continual historical development, which is important for the younger generation.

会议还安排了紫金港校区参观，让来自中意的与会者领略国际校区优美的校园风光、先进的建工实验室以及国际化合作办学成果。为期一天半的大会给考古修复领域的科研人员提供高水平的学术交流平台，进一步扩大了浙江大学在本领域的国内外影响，深化了中意两国的国际合作交流。至此，本次国际会议圆满落下帷幕，期待有机会杭州再相聚！

As part of the conference, a visit around Zhejiang University’s Zijingang campus, was arranged, allowing participants from China and Italy to appreciate the beautiful campus scenery, advanced construction engineering laboratories and international cooperation achievements of the international campus. The conference which lasted for a day and a half provided a platform of high academic exchange for researchers in the field of archaeological restoration, further expanding the domestic and foreign influence of Zhejiang University in this field, and deepening the international exchange and cooperation between China and Italy. The international conference has come to a successful conclusion, leaving all stakeholders and other interested parties looking with hope at the horizon; we look forward for opportunity to meet again in Hangzhou!

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