忧郁症的一些起因和 Personality Disorder的自我对照
（不是学心理的哈，翻译上别严格要求，就是想分享一下，培养健康的性格和家庭生活。）
Paranoid personality disorder
恐惧症） 对 别人过于怀疑和不信任，他们认为自己处于危险，寻找蛛丝马迹，过度自卫和怀疑他人。对于轻微的侮辱和伤害拒绝忘记，不能分辨别人的好话或好心，对于配偶的性忠诚反复考验，认为啥都是“阴谋”。
Schizoid personality disorder
对社会关系没兴趣，不与他人分享时间和进行交流。有时候性冷淡， 过于独居独行，对多数活动提不起兴趣。 情感冷淡无情趣。既不愿意与不参与包括家庭在内的群体活动。除了家人 没有知己
Schizotypal personality disorder
常有奇怪的，不合时宜的思想和行为，奇异幻想，与群组大多数人的思想和行为不一致，
Antisocial personality disorder
青少年时期，15岁左右到18岁，受环境影响，忽视他人的权利，违背社会通行法则，常说谎话，爱冲动，无视自己和他人的安全，通过小偷小摸，打架等标新立异。
Borderline personality disorder
极端性的“不是黑就是白”的思想，与他人关系，自我地位，和行为不稳定，经常导致自残自杀和其他冲动。女性发生率比男性多3倍。在过于理想化和过于“贬值论”之间摇摆，至少在某两个方面的行为里有自残倾向，不能控制脾气等（promiscuous sex, eating disorders, binge eating, substance abuse, reckless driving）
Histrionic personality disorder
密集地寻求关注，在大多数场合，如果自己不是中心就感到不舒服， 持续通过动作行为得到注意， 说话过于追求夸大和煽情而没有细节， 行为和情感过于戏剧化， 包括不合适的性瘾和情感超冷或超热，关于夸张亲密感与事实有出入， 过于自认有吸引力。情感表露变化非常快。
Narcissistic personality disorder
过于自我注重，夸大自我成就和才能，过度认为和幻想成功，权力，优秀，美丽，或不实际的爱情。 认为自我的优秀不被认同，愿意把自我与某名人相提并论。要求过度的赞美，利用别人达到自己的目标，而对别人的利益不在乎，羡慕其他人或认为其他人羡慕自己。态度傲慢卖弄。
Avoidant personality disorder
避免社会交往，对负面评估极端敏感，有意社会隐形，自认没有社交技能，没有情趣，害怕别人。爱紧张，常害怕社交场合被拒绝，自己不被接受，不愿意加入和参与，
Dependent personality disorder
心理上过于依赖他人
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
对于规则，道德意识和制度过于严格遵守，过于条例化
- feelings of excessive doubt and caution;
- preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization or schedule;
- perfectionism that interferes with task completion;
- excessive conscientiousness, scrupulousness, and undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships;
- excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions;
- rigidity and stubbornness;
- unreasonable insistence by the individual that others submit exactly to his or her way of doing things, or unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things;
- intrusion of insistent and unwelcome thoughts or impulses.
Depressive personality disorder
认知和行为在成人早期阶段比较压抑和抑郁。忧郁症
Passive-aggressive personality disorder
超级负面态度和消极面对个人情况。消极拒绝从事正常社会或职业 工作或任务，抱怨他人不理解不欣赏，爱争论，不满和挑战权威，对于比较幸运的人表示嫉妒和恨意，过于夸大和抱怨个人的不幸和不顺利，常敌意性的拆台和不贡献。
Sadistic personality disorder
冷酷，攻击和凶残。使用暴力制服和支配，在公众场合羞辱他人，过于粗鲁地指挥，对他人的痛苦感到快感，过度干预他人或家人的自由和自主。有暴力幻想。
Self-defeating personality disorder/masochistic personality disorder
对于他人的有效建议加以拒绝，过于减弱和降低个人的幸福和目标结果 (不想翻译了，大家自己看吧）
- A) A pervasive pattern of self-defeating behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The person may often avoid or undermine pleasurable experiences, be drawn to situations or relationships in which he or she will suffer, and prevent others from helping him, as indicated by at least five of the following:
- chooses people and situations that lead to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment even when better options are clearly available
- rejects or renders ineffective the attempts of others to help him or her
- following positive personal events (e.g., new achievement), responds with depression, guilt, or a behavior that produces pain (e.g., an accident)
- incites angry or rejecting responses from others and then feels hurt, defeated, or humiliated (e.g., makes fun of spouse in public, provoking an angry retort, then feels devastated)
- rejects opportunities for pleasure, or is reluctant to acknowledge enjoying himself or herself (despite having adequate social skills and the capacity for pleasure)
- fails to accomplish tasks crucial to his or her personal objectives despite demonstrated ability to do so, e.g., helps fellow students write papers, but is unable to write his or her own
- is uninterested in or rejects people who consistently treat him or her well, e.g., is unattracted to caring sexual partners
- engages in excessive self-sacrifice that is unsolicited by the intended recipients of the sacrifice
- B) The behaviors in A do not occur exclusively in response to, or in anticipation of, being physically, sexually, or psychologically abused.
- C) The behaviors in A do not occur only when the person is depressed.