与尼古丁相关的疾病Nicotine-Related Disorders

与尼古丁相关的疾病Nicotine-Related Disorders

    Nicotine dependence尼古丁成瘾

    Nicotine withdrawal尼古丁的戒断症状

Nicotine withdrawal尼古丁的戒断症状

A. Daily use of nicotine for at least several weeks.每日使用尼古丁至少达几周之久

B. Abrupt cessation of nicotine use, or reduction in the amount of nicotine used, followed within 24 hours by four （or more) of the following signs:
在使用尼古丁后的24小时内骤然停止使用或减少了尼古丁的用量,从而出现以下四项或更多的表现:

(1) dysphoric or depressed mood烦躁不安或抑郁的情绪

(2) insomnia失眠

(3) irritability, frustration, or anger易怒,沮丧,或愤怒

(4) anxiety焦虑

(5) difficulty concentrating注意力难于集中

(6) restlessness不安

(7) decreased heart rate心率减慢

(8) increased appetite or weight gain食欲增加或体重增加

C.  The symptoms in Criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
以上症状严重到影响人的社会,职业和其他中亚的功能.

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症状不是由于某种全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的诊断.

(应朋友建议,我会寻找相关资料,比较大麻和尼古丁的作用)