什么是公民逮捕citizen arrest (转载) - 未名空间MITBBS历史存档

什么是公民逮捕citizen arrest (转载)# CivilSociety - 华人政治

z*e2014-08-11 07:08

1 楼

【以下文字转载自 SanFrancisco 讨论区】
发信人: zhangfance (fan), 信区: SanFrancisco
标题: 什么是公民逮捕citizen arrest
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon May 26 19:23:16 2014, 美东)
http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t/SanFrancisco/34195131.html
看到这个，美国照理来说是很重视公民自由和权利的，
“这个杀人犯一月分告Hong偷他三根蜡烛，把Hong 揪送警方。警察居然还接这破案子
，Hong还进了局子，更不可思议的是HONG 还plead guilty.”
你家闯进来个小偷，citizen arrest还算合理，这个roommate有点小矛盾怎么说法？
他有什么证据说Hong偷蜡烛？要是不能证明，这个随意限制别人人身自由是怎么回事？

z*e2014-08-11 07:08

2 楼

行使公民逮捕權／避免矯枉過正應以報警優先
世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 -
「公民逮捕權」修訂後法案生效，聯邦司法部也於11日當天發出一份「使用需知」，警
戒市民使用逮捕權的前提和使用後可能出現的潛在結果，並建議市民，雖然公民有權逮
捕嫌犯，但是由於此行動涉及很多複雜因素，如果不小心可能會違法，導致抓人者被民
事或刑事訴訟，所以遇到犯罪案件最好的處理辦法是報警。
司法部稱，市民在實行「公民逮捕權」時，需要參考「公民拘捕法」(Citizen's
Arrest Laws)並考慮到以下幾點：該狀況警察介入是否可行？如果是，那麼應該立即通
知警察，而非採取個人行動來阻止活動進行；如果採取公民逮捕權的話，身邊的人是否
會因此受傷？而且嫌犯，如小偷，是否只是一個人？他的身上會不會有武器，會傷到人
？當你逮捕小偷後，是否可以作到在第一時間內將其送往警局？你是否對小偷的盜竊
行為有足夠的證據？
市民如果決定使用公民逮捕權，那麼需要遵照以下做法：明確的告訴小偷，你正在執行
公民逮捕權，並且會將他/她一直扣留，直到警察出現；致電警局；要求小偷配合，直
到警察趕到；避免使用武力，但如果極有必要，那麼盡量將武力降到最低；逮捕小偷後
，不要對他/她進行搜索或者質問，因為你的職責只是將他扣留到直至警察趕到；待警
察趕到後，告訴警察事情的詳細經過。
修改後的法案授權物業所有人、合法擁有物業的個人，或經過物業所有人或個人授權的
人，在合理範圍的時間內，發現有人違反刑法闖入物業內或偷取與物業有關的財產時，
可徑行逮捕之。此外，公民逮捕權也適用於現場沒有警察時。儘管在逮捕過程中可以適
當運用武力，但是如果過度使用，當事人也可面臨相關控告。
法案另外還要求實行逮捕權的市民，在逮捕小偷後，需要立即將其交給警方處理，如果
使用公民逮捕權但卻沒有儘快報警通知，那麼該逮捕可被視為違法逮捕，並會面臨法律
裁決。更多詳情可參考http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/dept-min/wyntk.html。
West's Annotated California Codes. Penal Code. Part 2. Of Criminal Procedure
. Title 3. Additional Provisions Regarding Criminal Procedure. Chapter 5.
Arrest, by Whom and How Made.
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Primary Citation: CA PENAL § 837, 847
Last Checked: November, 2012
Summary:
This set of provisions authorizes private citizens to make arrests and
explains when and how citizen arrests may be made.
Statute Text
§ 837. Private persons; authority to arrest
Arrests by private persons. A private person may arrest another:
1. For a public offense committed or attempted in his presence.
2. When the person arrested has committed a felony, although not in his
presence.
3. When a felony has been in fact committed, and he has reasonable cause for
believing the person arrested to have committed it.
CREDIT(S)
(Enacted 1872.)

§ 847. Arrest by private person; duty to take prisoner before magistrate or
deliver him to peace officer; liability for false arrest
(a) A private person who has arrested another for the commission of a public
offense must, without unnecessary delay, take the person arrested before a
magistrate, or deliver him or her to a peace officer.
(b) There shall be no civil liability on the part of, and no cause of action
shall arise against, any peace officer or federal criminal investigator or
law enforcement officer described in subdivision (a) or (d) of Section 830.8
, acting within the scope of his or her authority, for false arrest or false
imprisonment arising out of any arrest under any of the following
circumstances:
(1) The arrest was lawful, or the peace officer, at the time of the arrest,
had reasonable cause to believe the arrest was lawful.
(2) The arrest was made pursuant to a charge made, upon reasonable cause, of
the commission of a felony by the person to be arrested.
(3) The arrest was made pursuant to the requirements of Section 142, 837,
838, or 839.
CREDIT(S)
(Enacted 1872. Amended by Stats.1957, c. 2147, p. 3806, § 5; Stats.1994, c.
424 (A.B.1610), § 2; Stats.2002, c. 526 (A.B.1835), § 2; Stats.2003, c.
468 (S.B.851), § 13.)