土耳其南部靠近叙利亚边境地区6日发生强烈地震，造成土耳其和叙利亚两国大量人员伤亡。叙利亚民众和救援机构呼吁西方国家尽快解除对叙制裁，为国际救援提供便利。

A powerful magnitude 7.8 earthquake rocked Turkiye and Syria early Monday. Local residents are railing against the United States for retaining the economic sanctions when Syria desperately needs help from the international community.

2月7日，人们在叙利亚拉塔基亚省的一处地震废墟参与搜救。图源：新华社

“我们需要帮助……我们厌倦了这一切。真可耻，西方国家正在惩罚叙利亚人民，它们必须取消制裁！”7日，在位于叙利亚北部地震灾区的阿勒颇市，公立学校教师艾莎·希卢激动地控诉西方的单边制裁。地震发生后，希卢和孩子们除了身上穿的衣服什么都没带就匆忙出逃。

当地公务员穆罕默德·巴萨拉特说：“情况是灾难性的。应对此类自然灾害需要国际努力，我们需要很多帮助。大多数情况下，阻碍救济援助运抵的是制裁。”巴萨拉特说，制裁是问题的根源，取消这些制裁是当务之急，因为它们是不合理、不公平的。很多在战争期间都没有流离失所的民众正在被迫离家。

Muhammad Baslat, a civil servant in the city, said while his memory of the war remains vivid and fresh, the earthquakes have exacerbated the anguish of the Syrians. "The war and its woes are still not far behind us. And those who survived the cruel war now have to struggle to survive this," Baslat said. "The US sanctions are unjustified and unfair and are putting more strains on us at this difficult time."

2月7日，人们聚集在叙利亚拉塔基亚省的一处地震废墟。图源：新华社

▌美国宣布暂时放宽对叙利亚制裁

在国际舆论压力下，美国政府9日宣布，暂时放宽美国对叙利亚的制裁措施，但仅限与叙利亚地震救灾赈灾需求相关的交易，时限180天。

The United States has issued a six-month sanctions exemption for all transactions related to providing disaster relief to Syria after earthquakes killed more than 22,000 people in the war-battered country and neighbouring Turkiye.

美国财政部大楼（资料图）

美国财政部处理制裁事务的外国资产控制办公室9日颁布许可令，临时放宽对叙制裁。财政部常务副部长沃利·阿德耶莫在一份声明中表示，鉴于“国际盟友和人道主义合作伙伴都动员起来帮助受灾民众”，美方无意阻碍救灾。

这份声明解释称，美方对叙制裁先前已对部分人道主义项目给予豁免，现在颁布的是适用于“所有地震赈灾相关交易”的“通用许可”，以便向叙利亚提供其当前最急需的“救人和重建”援助。

“I want to make very clear that US sanctions in Syria will not stand in the way of life-saving efforts for the Syrian people,” Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Wally Adeyemo said after the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued the exemption on Thursday.

2011年叙利亚内战爆发后，美国及其西方盟友大力支持叙反对派武装，导致当地战乱冲突持续至今。阿勒颇这座历史名城在战火中破坏严重，而美国等西方国家实施的经济制裁使叙经济凋敝，人民生活困苦不堪，许多民众栖身在未经修缮的危楼中。

Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the United States and its Western allies have imposed a number of economic sanctions and restrictions that denied Syrians the means to pursue growth as well as access to daily necessities.

In fact, a large part of Aleppo had already been ruined by brutal battles from 2012 to 2016.

2月7日，人们在阿勒颇搜寻幸存者 图源：新华社

▌叙利亚外交部：美国所谓“暂时冻结制裁”是虚伪的行为

当地时间10日，叙利亚外交部发表声明表示，美国政府就“部分和暂时冻结”其对叙利亚人民实施的单边、胁迫性制裁，只不过是一种象征性决定，旨在显示其虚假的人道主义形象。

The US latest move to ease the sanctions imposed on Syria to support earthquake relief efforts is "misleading and aims to give a false humanitarian impression," the Syrian Foreign Ministry said in a statement on Friday.

叙外交部强调，美国对叙利亚实施的制裁，以及掠夺叙利亚资源等行为，剥夺了叙人民的权利，限制了国家改善人民生活状况、实现发展目标、提供基本服务的能力。声明称，叙利亚呼吁美国立即且无条件地停止对叙利亚人民实施的单边制裁措施，停止其敌对叙利亚，及违反《联合国宪章》等国际法和国际原则的行为。

The US coercive measures and US policies have deprived the Syrian people of their natural wealth, it added, urging the United States to end immediately, without hesitation, conditions or exceptions, the sanctions and to stop its cruel practices and violations of international law and the principles and purposes of the UN Charter.

就在美财政部发表临时放宽对叙制裁的声明当天，联合国秘书长古特雷斯强调，当前任何形式的制裁都不应妨碍对叙利亚民众的救援。

"This is a moment in which everybody must make very clear that no sanctions of any kind interfere with relief to the population of Syria in the present moment", Secretary-General António Guterres said on Thursday.

联合国秘书长叙利亚问题特使吉尔·彼得森也敦促西方国家不要给叙利亚震后救援行动设置障碍，同时表示叙利亚政府和反对派控制的地区都应获得援助，“不能把紧急救援政治化”。

UN Special Envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, called for assurances that desperately needed assistance inside Syria would not be held up or “politicized”.

2月10日，希腊红十字会的员工装满一辆载满人道主义援助物资的卡车 图源：新华社

叙利亚卫生部10日发表声明说，强震在叙政府控制区已有1387人遇难，2326人受伤，伤亡人数可能进一步增加。在反政府武装控制地区，据当地救援队10日表示，地震导致超2037人遇难，超2950人受伤。

震前，叙利亚就已存在巨大人道援助缺口，灾难使得人道救援需求进一步增加。当地救援队伍设备种类、数量有限，除了挖掘机，救援设备较为简易，医疗资源也面临短缺。此外，震后大量民众失去住所，只能在当地学校等公共场所临时安置，且缺乏必需生活物资。

“我们需要重型机械、消防和急救车辆，以加快救援进度。”叙利亚阿拉伯红新月会主席哈立德在新闻发布会上疾呼。

At a press conference held in the Syrian capital, Damascus, Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) President Khaled Hboubati called for lifting the US and Western sanctions on Syria to facilitate much-needed relief efforts.

SARC wants equipment, ambulances, and heavy machinery, "and the main obstacle is the sanctions imposed on Syria, which we demand to be lifted immediately," Hboubati said.

编辑：陈月华

实习生：王雨凡 秦欣然 孙惠琪

来源：新华社 UN News 央视新闻 卫报