“国内首次本土检出XBB.1.5”,新一轮发烧又会开始吗?
近日,关于“国内首次本土检出XBB.1.5”的相关报道引起广泛关注。
并非“国内首次检出”
据了解,该话题词的来源,系中国疾控中心于2023年2月15日发布的全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情情况。
Since December, The Chinese mainland had identified 15 infections with emerging variants closely watched for their high transmissibility or immunity evasiveness, according to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
They include one XBB.1 case, one XBB.1.5 case, one BQ.1 infection and five BQ.1.1 infections, and some other novel strains.
今年1月初,上海在境外输入病例监测中就曾发现XBB.1.5毒株。
1月2日,上海市疫情防控工作领导小组专家组成员袁政安表示,目前上海所发现的奥密克戎BQ.1和XBB毒株,仅在极少数入境隔离人员中检出,尚未在社会面上造成本土传播。
所以,该话题词更严谨的说法,应该是“中国内地首次检测出XBB.1.5本土感染者”。
新一轮感染高峰?
上半年可能性较小
1月25日,北京佑安医院呼吸与感染性疾病科主任医师李侗曾接受人民日报健康客户端采访时表示,随着我国出入境政策的放开,未来可能会有更多感染BQ.1、XBB毒株的本土病例,但是总体来看,今年上半年出现这两种毒株流行的可能性比较小。
Li Tongzeng, chief physician from the respiratory and infectious diseases department at Beijing You’an Hospital, told the health channel of the People's Daily on Jan 25 that with the reopening of the national borders, there may be more local cases of BQ.1 and XBB strains in the future, but generally speaking, the possibility of epidemics of these two strains in the first half of this year is relatively small.
李侗曾强调,我国现阶段免疫屏障比较强,近期不太可能暴发新一波疫情,仍以散发病例为主,目前新增确诊病例主要是还未感染过的人,被完全相同的毒株感染2次的可能性非常小。
“我们国内大部分人是在去年12月份和今年1月份感染的,这次感染之后产生的抗体至少能够保护三四个月以上,大部分人可以保护半年以上,到今年的三四月份,大部分人应该都还在免疫保护期内。”李侗曾表示。
他指出,目前对于BQ.1和XBB的研究表明,虽然它们的免疫逃逸能力较强,但我们目前感染的BA.5等毒株对于这两种毒株仍然是有一定保护作用的。
Li pointed out that current studies on BQ.1 and XBB showed that although their immune escape ability is strong, the strains we are currently infected with such as BA.5 still have a certain protective effect against these two strains.
1月17日,中国疾控中心病毒病所所长许文波在国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上也表示,当前BQ.1和XBB尚未像BA5.2和BF7一样在我国展现出传播优势,预计BQ.1和XBB传播占比会逐渐升高,但不会单独引起新一轮疫情升高。
In the last three months, imports of novel coronavirus subvariants BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB were detected in China, where the BQ.1 and XBB subvariants have not developed into dominant subvariants, said Xu Wenbo, director of the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention under the China CDC.
The possibility of a large-scale epidemic caused by the Omicron XBB subvariant is low in the short term in China, noted the CDC.
是否会大面积流行?
著名公共卫生与流行病学专家曾光教授表示,对于新冠病毒新增变异株目前是否会大面积流行,重要的是取决于两点:
一是变异株的传播性和致病性;
二是人群的易感性。
另外,社会因素、自然因素也会影响病毒的传播过程。
图源:SBS News
“目前中国10多亿人群在短时间内集中发病后获得了自然免疫,相当于普遍接种了一次疫苗,而且这次自然感染免疫是在全国已经接种34亿剂次疫苗的基础之上获得的,我国易感人群已经不足全人口的10%。”曾光教授告诉健康时报记者。
“可以说,我国民众短时间内形成如此大规模的免疫屏障,其他各国没有出现过,我国的自然感染率已经高过世界上绝大多数的国家,免疫屏障是相当牢固的”,曾光教授表示。
曾光:不用过多恐惧XBB.1.5毒株 “不会掀起大的波澜”
“当前感染高峰已经过去一个多月了,我们还没有发现能够突破免疫屏障的变异株。针对新增的变异株,我们需要继续观察,与其相信预测不如做好实战探测,以早期发现病毒的演变,为应急决定最适合的疫苗接种策略服务。”曾光说。
“对于BQ.1和XBB这两种毒株,大家也不必过于担忧。”李侗曾也告诉记者,“现在已经有很多人经历过感染,大家对于防护也有了很多经验。目前我们仍然应该坚持戴口罩,勤洗手,多开窗通风,这些好的卫生习惯要继续保持下去。”
Li said that we don't have to worry too much about these two strains. “Now many people have infected, and they have gained a lot of experience in protection. At present, we should still insist on wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and open windows for ventilation,” Li added.
近期大部分发热病例和新冠无关
Retesting positive for COVID-19 after recovering is different from being infected with the coronavirus for a second time, Li said. Patients with rebound positivity generally have no obvious clinical symptoms and are basically not infectious.
编辑:左卓
实习生:秦欣然
来源:人民日报 中国新闻社 环球时报 中国日报网
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