经济学人逝者 || 全球风能理事会创始人兼秘书长史蒂夫•索耶

Hoisting the sails

直挂云帆

英文部分选自经济学人20190824期Obituary版块

Hoisting the sails

直挂云帆

Steve Sawyer, leader of Greenpeace for 30 years, died on July 31st, aged 63

掌舵“绿色和平”组织30年的史蒂夫·索耶，于7月31日去世，终年63岁

The young man Steve Sawyer briefly met on July 10th 1985 on the deck of the Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior, as it sat in dock at Auckland in New Zealand, had nothing remarkable about him. Short, slim, clean-shaven and with light blond hair, he looked like just another student visitor. He wished Mr Sawyer a happy birthday—as it was, with the full works of ice cream and cake—and good luck with his current campaign, to stop French nuclear testing in Mururoa. Then he left. At 1am, after a meeting onshore of the skippers of all the protest boats, Mr Sawyer got the call that the Rainbow Warrior had been sunk. Two limpet bombs placed on the hull had exploded, driving a huge hole through the engine room, and the boat’s photographer had drowned while trying to rescue his gear.

1985年7月10日，“绿色和平”组织的船只“彩虹勇士”号停靠在新西兰奥克兰市。当时，史蒂夫·索耶曾在甲板上与一名其貌不扬的年轻人短暂会面。年轻人身材瘦小、脸刮得很干净、有一头浅金色头发，看起来和其他来访的学生没有什么不同。年轻人祝索耶先生生日快乐——事实上，冰淇淋和蛋糕都准备足了——并祝他此行顺利，能够成功阻止在法属穆鲁罗瓦环礁进行的核试验。随后这个年轻人便离开了。凌晨1点钟，所有参加抗议的船只的船长们在岸上集体开完会后，索耶接到电话，说“彩虹勇士”号被炸沉了。船体下方被人放了两枚水下爆破弹，它们将引擎舱炸了个巨大的窟窿，随船摄影师也在抢救他的摄影器材时溺水身亡。

注：

1. 彩虹勇士号沉船事件

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BD%A9%E8%99%B9%E5%8B%87%E5%A3%AB%E5%8F%B7/4919047

2. 穆鲁罗瓦环礁（Mururoa）：位于南太平洋，属法属波利尼西亚群岛管辖，环礁上无常住居民。

The “student”, it turned out, belonged to the French secret service. Mr Sawyer had long suspected that the French would try something. His campaign in Polynesia had been deliberately designed to annoy the hell out of them, so that they would take their radioactive poison and their vile weapons away from where people were trying to live. The Rainbow Warrior had already been rammed by French vessels and the crew beaten up, non-violence met with violence, so the gritty old re-purposed trawler was used to confrontation. This, however, was a whole new level.

原来，那个看似“学生”的年轻人隶属于法国特工处。索耶一直怀疑法国会有所动作。他在波利尼西亚的活动就经过一番精心设计，旨在扰得法国人不得安宁，这样他们就能将放射性的毒药和邪恶的武器撤走，给尝试在当地居住的人们一个安全的生活环境。“彩虹勇士”号受到过法国轮船的撞击，船员们也遭到过毒打，他们的非暴力行动总是受到暴力的回应。因此，勇敢的“彩虹勇士”号，这艘改造的旧拖网渔船，早已对冲突司空见惯。但是，这次不一样，冲突已然升级。

And the repercussions shocked him. As he was trying to get to grips with the situation, people began turning up with bucketfuls of money. When he went to find a taxi, he was ushered to the front of the queue. In the baked-potato shop, the man at the cash register would not charge him. Across the world, people made donations and joined Greenpeace to protest against oil-drilling, mining, seal-hunting, whaling and dumping of toxic waste, as well as nuclear testing—anything which, in the words of Aldo Leopold, on which he had hung since college, destroyed “the integrity, stability and beauty” of the biosphere. Long before mobile phones, the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior created a media storm around him. The next year he found himself director of Greenpeace usa, and two years later director of Greenpeace International.

“爆炸”事件的影响令索耶感到惊讶。在他试图掌控当前局势的同时，人们手持重金纷至沓来；当他去排队打车时，人们会把他领到等候队伍的最前面；就连在烤土豆店，收银员都不肯收他的钱。全世界积极响应，人们慷慨解囊，纷纷加入“绿色和平”组织，抗议石油钻探、采矿、捕杀海豹和鲸鱼、倾倒有毒废物、核试验……用奥尔多▪利奥波德的话来说，就是抗议破坏生态“和谐、稳定和美丽”的任何行为，而索耶自大学时代起就将他的话奉为圭臬。早在手机出现之前，“彩虹勇士”号爆炸事件就引发了一场围绕着索耶的媒体风暴。第二年，他被任命为美国“绿色和平”组织负责人，两年后又升任国际“绿色和平”组织负责人。

注：

奥尔多·利奥波德

https://baike.so.com/doc/6139885-6353049.html

The bombing had filled him, and through him Greenpeace, with even more defiant purpose. Since its founding in 1971 this had been a raggedy band, making its point with risky stunts that were denounced more than praised. It was this hippy-crazy aspect that had made him, a hippy himself back then, sign up immediately when a canvasser came to the door. But he found, as a lifelong devotee of Tolkien, a strong Hobbit element too. When battered little boats put themselves between illegal whaling vessels and the whales, daring them to fire their harpoons, or their crews sprayed seal pups with green dye to make their fur worthless; when activists, so tiny against those monsters, scaled oil-rigs in the North Atlantic to unfurl banners reading “Climate Emergency”, or blocked pipelines belching toxic waste into the sea, he was reminded of the brave little group of Bilbo, Frodo, Sam and the rest, who left the quiet Shire “to shake the towers and counsels of the Great”. They were small, shaggy-haired and barefoot, usually unarmed and often frightened. But they lived, and eventually triumphed, by their wits. Every problem had a solution, and every battle could be won, if you thought hard and fast enough.

爆炸事件让史蒂夫·索耶和他的“绿色和平”组织在反抗的道路上更加斗志昂扬。自1971年成立以来，“绿色和平”组织一直架构松散，靠一些危险的噱头来表达自己的立场，招致的指责多过赞誉。“绿色和平”组织就是凭借这种嬉皮士式的胆大妄为的特质，吸引了过去就是个嬉皮士的索耶先生；只要活动游说者上门，他就马上报名参加。但他作为托尔金一辈子的粉丝，也打上了霍比特人的烙印。当一艘艘小破船挡在非法捕鲸船和鲸鱼群中间，震慑着他们不敢向鲸鱼发射鱼叉的时候；当船员们往海豹幼崽身上喷绿色染料，让海豹皮毛失去商业价值的时候；当环保活动人士爬上位于大西洋北部海域的石油钻塔，这些被巨大的钻塔衬托得如此渺小的人们在塔顶展开标语，上面写着“保护气候，刻不容缓”的时候；当同样的一群人堵塞向大海排放有毒废物的排污管道的时候，索耶都会想起那个由比尔博、佛罗多、山姆和其他霍比特人组成的勇敢的小团体，他们离开宁静的夏尔，只为去“推翻大人物的高塔和论断”。他们个头矮小，顶着乱蓬蓬的头发，赤着脚，通常手无寸铁，经常担惊受怕。但是，他们活了下来，并利用聪明才智成为了最终的胜利者。只要深思熟虑，反应迅捷，就没有解决不了的问题，就没有打不赢的仗。

注：

Steve Sawyer : “绿色和平”组织的讣闻 

https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/23499/steve-sawyer-1956-2019/

He taught himself that, deliberately wandering off barefoot in the woods to have to puzzle his way home. He taught his children that (giving his son Sam a good Hobbit name). And he taught Greenpeace, fiercely applying his red pen to press releases and, when necessary, demanding sharp thinking as loudly as he liked to play his blues guitar. He became, and was inevitably called, Gandalf, not merely for his grizzled beard, lean sportsman’s height and philosophy degree, but also for the wise way he managed his ever-growing crowd of anti-authoritarians. Under him the organisation gained weight in every sense. Therefore it won battles. The French abandoned their nuclear testing in Polynesia, besides losing the damages suit that Greenpeace had filed against their government. Bugged by small-boat irritation, the United States ceased its testing off Alaska. In 1987 the Montreal protocol curbed cfc depletion of the ozone layer, and in 1991 the Antarctic protocol, which people thought unachievable, barred drilling there for 50 years. By the time he stepped down, in 2007, he had put Greenpeace at the centre of attempts to counter climate change.

索耶刻意光着脚在树林里溜达，东走西走迷了路，费些功夫才找到路回家，由此掌握了霍比特人的生存法则。他也把它们教给了他的孩子们（给他的儿子起了“山姆”这个很不错的霍比特人的名字）。同样，他也把这套法则教给了“绿色和平”组织。他会气势汹汹地用红笔写新闻稿；必要的时候，他也会大叫着要求成员们思考再敏锐一些，就如同他喜欢大声弹奏布鲁斯吉他那般。他俨然成了——也必然会被称作——“甘道夫”，不仅仅是因为他留着灰白的胡须、身材瘦削、有着运动员的身高和哲学文凭，还在于他在面对组织中日益壮大的反独裁主义群体时所采取的明智的管理方式。在索耶的领导下，“绿色和平”组织在方方面面的影响力大涨。因此，它打赢了很多场战斗。法国政府在绿色和平组织对其提出的损害赔偿诉讼中败诉，并放弃了在波利尼西亚的核试验。小船们接连的捣乱使得美国不堪其扰，停止了在阿拉斯加海域的试验。1987年，《蒙特利尔议定书》(Montreal protocol)遏制了氟氯碳化物对臭氧层的破坏。1991年，之前大家都认为不可能签署通过的《南极环保议定书》(Antarctic protocol)获得通过，该议定书规定50年内禁止在南极地区开展钻探活动。2007年，索耶卸任时，“绿色和平”组织已经成为全球应对气候变化的中坚力量。

Under him it also expanded its humanitarian side, sending its boats to help after typhoons and tsunamis. This was a role which it, and he, had stumbled into almost by accident in 1985, when he made a detour on Rainbow Warrior’s voyage to Polynesia to evacuate 300 people, their livestock and parts of their buildings from Rongelap atoll to another island. Fallout from American nuclear testing had made the atoll uninhabitable, but the Americans had declared it clear, despite a horrifically high rate of stillbirths, deformities and cancers. Nothing he did afterwards meant more to him than that rescue, and few things moved him more than seeing the livid thyroidectomy scars of the women who greeted him. But one was the thought of what Greenpeace was engaged in: “nothing less than a fight to the death for the future of the planet”.

在他的带领下，“绿色和平”组织将自己的责任扩展到了人道主义方面：在台风和海啸过后，组织会调派船只进行灾后救援工作。这份职责源于他和整个组织在1985年一次误打误撞的经历。当时，“彩虹勇士”正在去波利尼西亚的途中。他绕了个道，前去将荣格拉普环礁上300多人以及他们的牲口和房屋的部分构件撤离到另外一座岛屿上。美国核试验造成的辐射后果使荣格拉普环礁不再适宜居住，但是美国却无视环礁上高得惊人的死胎、畸形和癌变率，极力强调自己是清白的。对他来说，那次救援行动是他一辈子做的最有价值的一件事；也几乎没有什么事情，比那群跟他打招呼的妇女脖颈间乌青色的甲状腺切除手术伤疤，更加让他动容。但有一件事是个例外，那就是每每想起“绿色和平”组织一直投身的事业的时候，他会这么告诉自己：为了地球的未来，我们宁死不退。

注：

1. 荣格拉普环礁（Rongelap atoll）：位于西太平洋马绍尔群岛。1946-1958年间，美国在马绍尔群岛总共进行了67次核试验，放射性尘埃扩散至有人居住的荣格拉普环礁和比基尼环礁。时至今日，在这两个环礁上测得的核辐射强度仍高于切尔诺贝利和福岛的核辐射强度。

https://www.sohu.com/a/327887816_163726

2. 甲状腺切除术：分为全切除和大部切除。全切除适用于甲状腺癌，大部切除适用于甲亢和结节性甲状腺肿。全切除也仅指完全切除两侧甲状腺的一侧，切除后表现为甲状腺功能低下的后遗症，临床表现为苍白虚肿、表情淡漠、全身无力、皮肤干燥增厚等。

His progress in that fight could be traced through the Greenpeace boats. The seaborne aspect of most protests was partly why he had joined, as someone who had loved to sail from childhood on the lakes near his home in New Hampshire. In 1981 he masterminded the refit of the first Rainbow Warrior, putting in bus engines because, appropriately, they had been used in landing craft on D-Day, and later installing a ketch rig for the Pacific voyage. Its successor, Rainbow Warrior II, launched in 1989, was a refitted three-mast schooner; the next, Rainbow Warrior III, was a purpose-built yacht with no less than 1,255 square metres of sail. By then, as director of the Global Wind Energy Council, he was working full-time and worldwide to promote wind power. It was promoted too through the ever-increasing strength, utility and beauty of the Rainbow Warriors, risen from the harbour floor in Auckland to take on the guarding of the Earth.

他在地球保卫战里的进展状况可以在属于“绿色和平”组织的船上找到踪迹。大多数抗议活动发生在海面上，这正是他加入其中的部分原因，毕竟他是个从小就喜欢在新罕布什尔州家附近的湖泊上扬帆起航的人。1981年，他统筹了第一艘“彩虹勇士”号的改装，为其安装上了公共汽车发动机，因为恰好它们就是那批上过反攻日（“诺曼底登陆”）战场的登陆艇的动力来源；后来他又在船上安装了双桅设备，以适应前往太平洋的航程。1989年，“彩虹勇士”号的改进型“彩虹勇士2号”正式下水，它是一艘改装的三桅帆船，之后的“彩虹勇士3号”是一艘特制的游艇，帆面不少于1,255平方米。当时，他已就任全球风能理事会的主任，专职致力于全球范围内的风能推广工作。风能也通过一艘艘挂帆启航的“彩虹勇士”号不断提升的船体强度、实用性和美观度得以为更多人所知。一代代“彩虹勇士”们从奥克兰海港昔日沉没处的水底奋起扬帆，肩负重任，守护我们的地球。

注：D-Day

http://www.sohu.com/a/146512601_628941

翻译组：

Alex，不务正业的理工男

Liv，上海打怪奋斗小青年，英专本科生

Lixia，女，爱爬山的健身小白，美食狂人

校对组：

Vicky，少儿英语老师+笔译新人

Nikolae，子承父业，蛋糕厂员工，AKB49

Qianna，追求专业的非英专，很讲逻辑，英伦摇滚迷