经济学人逝者 || 印尼大屠杀的刽子手安瓦尔·冈戈

The executioner’s song

刽子手之歌

英文部分选自经济学人191116Obituary版块

Obituary: Anwar Congo

讣告：安瓦尔·冈戈

The executioner’s song

刽子手之歌

衍生资料（超级链接）：
1.《杀戮演绎》是一部有关9·30印尼屠华事件的纪录片

2. 扭曲，病态，荒诞，年度最让人惊诧的纪录片

3. 两部纪录片《杀戮演绎》和《沉默之像》

Anwar Congo, a perpetrator of the mass killings in Indonesia in 1965-68, died on October 25th, aged 78

安瓦尔·冈戈，1965至1968年印度尼西亚大屠杀的刽子手，死于10月25日，终年78岁

The first time he tried to kill a man, he used a stinky durian fruit. It didn’t work. Eventually, he came to the view that the most efficient method was garrotting, and he was proud of how adept he became with the wire. It hadn’t always been so.

安瓦尔·冈戈第一次尝试杀人时，用了一个臭榴莲，但没有奏效。最后他意识到，最有效的杀人方法是绞杀，并且为自己变得如此擅长操作铁丝而自豪。然而，他并非天生就是个刽子手。

He was born in Medan, a grimy industrial town in northern Sumatra that was home to Pancasila Youth, the main semi-official political gangster group that flourished as Indonesia’s military dictatorship grew ever more powerful in the mid-1960s. An attempted coup by leftists in 1965 had given the army the excuse it needed to unleash an orgy of killing across the country. Anybody opposed to the army could be accused of being a communist. As America became enmeshed in the Vietnam war, and the fear of communism’s possible domino effect across Asia took hold in the West, President Lyndon B. Johnson and his allies were happy to look away as more than a million alleged communists were tortured and killed, many of them Chinese Indonesians.

安瓦尔·冈戈出生在棉兰，那是位于苏门答腊北部的一个肮脏工业城镇，也是印尼最大的半官方政治流氓组织“五戒青年团”的大本营。20世纪60年代，印尼军方日益得势，“五戒青年团”也随之发展壮大。1965年，左翼图谋政变，军方以此为借口，在印尼大开杀戒。反对军方的人都会被责为xxx。随着美国开始卷入越南战争，以及西方开始担心xxxx的多米诺骨牌效应会席卷亚洲，美国总统林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊和他的盟友在100多万所谓的xxx（很多是华裔印尼人）被拷打、杀害时，乐于视而不见。

Known as preman, from the English words “free men”, Pancasila’s death squads, with their political connections and their can-do/will-do swagger, proved the ideal recruiting ground for a boy like Anwar Congo. He had dropped out of school at the age of 12 and spent much of his time selling bootleg cinema tickets with his friends outside Medan’s main picture house. Dressed in a cowboy hat and a braided leather necktie complete with Texas star, he imagined himself as a skinny John Wayne, or, in a dark Panama and shades, as one of the mobster types in “Murder, Inc”. It was all a bit of a lark, until someone tried to ban American films, and the gangsters’ business slumped.

“五戒青年团”的处决小队被称为“preman”，来源于英文“free man”。这个拥有政界人脉和“能做/愿意做”神气的队伍，是收容安瓦尔·冈戈这样的男孩最合适的组织。安瓦尔·冈戈12岁辍学，大部分时间和朋友在棉兰最大的电影院门口售卖非法电影票。他戴着牛仔帽，扎着编织皮领带，缀上德州星，想象自己就是瘦小版的约翰·韦恩；或者戴上深色巴拿马草帽和太阳镜，把自己想象成电影《暗杀公司》中的匪徒。这些都不过是孩子们的嬉闹而已。直到有人要禁止美国电影，这群流氓们的生意也由此一落千丈。

As he grew older, he moved from cinema tickets into petty smuggling and illegal gambling, and soon he came to the attention of men like Ibrahim Sinik, a newspaper publisher and paramilitary gang boss. Mr Sinik decided who got killed in Medan and who should merely be shaken down for money. He needed protection, and the young film buff was just the guy to provide it. He’d go to a musical film in the afternoon, then sidle across the street—high on show tunes—and hop up the stairs to the roof of Sinik’s newspaper office where he changed into jeans or thick trousers and set to work. In the early days, he beat his victims to death. But there was so much blood. Even after it was cleaned up, it still stank. To avoid the mess, he switched to wire. With a wooden slat at either end, it was quick and clean. So many people were killed on that roof terrace, it was known as “the office of blood”. He is reckoned to have murdered at least 1,000 people with his own hands, and soon had his own gang known as the Frog Squad.

安瓦尔·冈戈渐渐长大，开始从倒卖电影院票转到小额走私、非法赌博，很快就引起了报纸出版商和准军事帮派头目易卜拉欣·西尼克（Ibrahim Sinik）等人的注意。在棉兰，西尼克决定谁被处死，谁又只是被勒索钱财。西尼克需要保护，而这位年轻的电影迷，正是那个能提供保护的人。安瓦尔·冈戈会在下午去看歌舞片，然后踱步穿过街道——一路上他都沉浸在歌舞片的音乐中，然后蹦跶着爬上楼梯，来到西尼克办公室的屋顶，换上牛仔裤或厚裤子，开始工作。起初，他将受害者活活打死。但是屋顶鲜血一地，即使在清理干净后，仍然散发臭味。为了避免屋顶狼藉不堪，他改用铁丝。铁丝两端缠着木条，用这种方式杀人既快速又干净。太多人在那个屋顶露台上丧命，它被称为“鲜血办公室”。据估算，死在安瓦尔·冈戈手上的就至少有1000人。不久之后，他有了自己的团伙——“青蛙行刑队”。

注：

1.high >喝醉了的;（吸毒后）极度兴奋的 If someone is high >例子：He was too high >他吸毒酗酒后处于极度兴奋状态，已经记不得他们了。（选自《柯林斯学习词典》）

2.衍生阅读：1968年印尼大屠杀纪录片《The Act of Killing》的Production Notes

http://theactofkilling.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/THE_ACT_OF_KILLING-Production_Notes.pdf

When, at last, the killing came to an end in 1968, he moved into organising political muscle, clearing land for illegal logging. And there, in humanity’s dark shadows, he might have remained, were it not for the fact that in 2005, exactly 40 years after the genocide began, he met an idealistic young American-born documentary-maker named Joshua Oppenheimer. Thus began the second life of Anwar Congo.

1968年，这场大屠杀终于结束，安瓦尔·冈戈开始转向组织政治爪牙，侵占土地来进行非法采伐。倘若安瓦尔没有在2005年（刚好是大屠杀开始的40年后），遇到一位年轻的理想主义者——美国纪录片制片人约书亚·奥本海默（Joshua Oppenheimer）的话，他可能仍旧处于人性的阴影之中。这次相遇，开启了安瓦尔·冈戈的第二人生。

He was the 41st killer to be interviewed by Mr Oppenheimer. He gloated over how they used to crush their victims’ necks with wooden staves, how they hanged them, strangled them, cut off their heads, ran them over with cars—all because they were allowed to. And he insisted that they never felt guilty, never got depressed, never had nightmares. Dressed in white slacks and a lime Hawaiian shirt the first day he met the film-makers, he led them up to Mr Sinik’s roof and showed them in person, demonstrating on a friend, how he had garrotted his victims. And how afterwards, he would put on some good music, drink a little booze, smoke a little marijuana. Stepping lightly across the roof, he crooned: “Cha, cha, cha.” By now in his 60s and missing several teeth, he clacked his dentures when the camera began rolling.

安瓦尔·冈戈是接受奥本海默先生采访的第41个杀手。安瓦尔得意洋洋地讲述他们过去如何用木棍打碎受害者的脖子，吊死他们，勒死他们，砍下他们的头，开着汽车从他们身上碾压而过——皆因获准这样做。安瓦尔坚称，他们从来没有负罪感，从不感到沮丧，也从不做噩梦。他与电影制片人第一天见面时，穿着黄绿色夏威夷衬衫、纯白休闲裤，带领众人来到西尼克的屋顶，亲自上阵，在朋友身上演示他是怎样绞杀受害者的，而之后又是怎样播放优美的音乐，喝点小酒，抽点大麻。他步子轻快地来到屋顶另一边，嘴里低声哼唱着：“ 恰，恰，恰”。此时，他已年过六旬，缺了几颗牙。当摄像机开始拍摄时，他“咔哒”一声安上了假牙托。

At home, he served the film-maker sweet tea. While the two men discussed what film they might make, he taught a young boy how to care for his pet duckling. He roped in his Pancasila friends to re-enact what they had done. The directors gave them carte blanche. The gangsters sketched out interrogations and how they beat women and burned down villages. Aided by a fat sidekick in drag, with bright lipstick and lime eyeshadow, they even re-enacted a beheading, and how afterwards they ate the victim’s liver.

回到家里，他用甜茶招待电影制片人。两个人在讨论电影形式时，安瓦尔还教一个小男孩如何照顾他的宠物小鸭。他说服“五戒青年团”的朋友们来帮忙，重现他们的所作所为。导演们放手让他们自由表现。这群流氓讲述了审讯过程以及他们怎样殴打妇女，烧毁村庄。他们甚至还让一个胖子伙伴男扮女装，涂上鲜亮的口红和黄绿色眼影，再现了砍头的情景，并且展示了事后如何分食被害人的肝脏。

注:

1.in drag男扮女装

2.rope sb. in: to persuade someone to do something for you

In the evening they watched the day’s rushes. Sometimes, wearing a burgundy Panama hat, he played one of the interrogators: “It must be fun being a communist. You fuck other people’s wives.” Or he’d play the film-maker, sitting high up in the cameraman’s chair, wholly consumed with panning across a scene of make-believe.

晚上，他们观看白天拍摄的样片。有时，他戴着一顶紫红色的巴拿马草帽，扮演一名审问者：“做xxx一定很有意思吧！你操别人的老婆。”有时，他扮演制片人，坐在高高的摄影师椅子上，完全沉浸在摇摄一幕假扮的场景中。

And then, one day, he cast himself as a victim. He sat in the chair on the far side of the interrogator’s wooden desk. His shiny charcoal suit turned dark as he sweated at being questioned. After the wire was slipped around his neck, his right hand began to shake. “Did the people I tortured feel the way I do here?” he asked. “I felt all the terror possess my body.”

然后，有一天，他扮演了一个受害人。他坐在审问木桌另一边的椅子上。他黑亮的西装因为受盘问而慢慢被汗水浸湿。铁丝绕过他的脖子时，他的右手开始颤抖。“我曾经折磨过的那些人也跟我现在的感觉一样吗？”他问道。“我感觉恐惧完全侵袭了我的身体”。

“No,” Mr Oppenheimer quietly replied. “You’re making a film. They knew they were going to be murdered.”

“不一样，”奥本海默先生平静地回答。“你只是在拍电影，而他们知道自己将被杀死。”

Punishment, not justice

惩罚，而非司法的制裁

“The Act of Killing”, or Jagal as it was called in Indonesian, meaning “Butcher”, was tipped to win an Oscar when it was released in 2012. It became the country’s most viewed film after the producers made it available free online, and Indonesians began talking about the years of living dangerously in a way they never had before.

2012年，影片《杀戮演绎》（印尼语叫作《Jagal》，意为“屠夫”）发行，人们预测它有望获得奥斯卡奖。而在制片人把它免费放到网上后，它成为印尼播放量最高的电影，印尼人开始谈论他们曾经历的那段前所未有的恐怖岁月。

As for Mr Congo, he evaded justice, but not punishment. The garrotting stayed with him. It was, he said, one of the easiest ways of taking a human life. When, on the final day of the shoot that had lasted five years, he was filmed returning, in a mustard double-breasted suit and lemony shirt, to the roof of Mr Sinik’s office, where so many men had died by his hand, he sniffed the night air and then he gulped. Turning away, he retched and retched—until he could retch no longer.

而冈戈本人，虽然逃过了司法的制裁，却没躲过惩罚。绞杀的场景一直萦绕在他的脑海里。他说，那是最简便的杀人方法。在为期五年拍摄的最后一天，他身穿芥末色双排扣西装和柠檬色衬衣，走上西尼克办公室的屋顶——这个如此多人命丧他手的地方。他嗅了嗅夜晚的空气，然后吸了几大口。他转过身去，一阵接一阵干呕，直到再也呕不出来。

翻译组：

Alex，不务正业的理工男

Cece，消防人+经济学人粉丝

Lixia，女，爱爬山的健身小白，美食狂人

校核组：

Mona，悦读悦译，以译会友

Lee ，爱骑行的妇女之友，Timberland粉

Qianna，追求专业的非英专，很讲逻辑，英伦摇滚迷