春季除了爬山赏花露营野餐，还能玩什么？这份建议请收好！

2023-04-06 04:04

随着天气转暖，冰雪消融，不少小伙伴户外游玩的DNA又动起来了。那么除了爬山、赏花、露营、野餐之外，还有什么活动特别适合春天吗？

答案是观察候鸟迁徙。

鸟类迁徙是候鸟在繁殖地与越冬地之间沿相对固定的路线定期往返的习性。很多小伙伴可能并不知道，全球共有9条候鸟迁飞通道，其中途经中国的就有4条。而为了保护通道，中国湿地类型自然保护地总数达2200多个, 几乎覆盖了通道的所有重点地点。

Four of nine major bird migration channels in the world pass through China. To protect the channels, China has built more than 2,200 wetland-type nature reserves and a large number of wetland conservation communities, covering almost all key sites on the channels, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.

得益于中国对湿地和候鸟的大力保护，很多珍稀濒危种群数量得到增加。这也意味着我们有机会看到的候鸟种类也越来越多。

去年12月，上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区工作人员在开展专项监测过程中，共记录到小天鹅2900余只。此次记录再次刷新了近20年来小天鹅在东滩保护区的数量记录。

In December, staff members at the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve recorded more than 2,900 tundra swans during a special monitoring session, up from some 1,000 seen during the winter in 2021.

Data from the Shanghai Forestry Bureau showed that in the 1980s, more than 3,000 of the swans wintered at the reserve. The number of the birds decreased for a time — at one point, only dozens of them were seen — but thanks to restoration efforts, the migration population has rebounded.

今年2月，湖南省林业局组织了2022-2023年度洞庭湖冬季水鸟同步调查。调查覆盖了洞庭湖23个县市区，记录到水鸟72种，其中，青头潜鸭、灰鹤也在其中。珍稀濒危物种黑脸琵鹭时隔五年再次现身洞庭湖。

In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of water-birds that were spending this past winter at Dongting Lake, which stretches across several counties and cities. Mallards and Eurasian cranes are among the birds staying at the lake. Black-faced spoonbills, a rare and endangered species, were also spotted at Dongting after an absence of five years.

The number of the spoonbills has increased from 300 in the 1980s to more than 5,000 now, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.

鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖也是中国第二大湖。这里的环境和气候条件均适合候鸟越冬，是白鹤等珍稀水禽及森林鸟类的重要栖息地和越冬地。

Poyang Lake is China's largest freshwater lake and its second largest lake overall. The environment and climate here are suitable for migratory birds to winter. The lake is an important habitat and wintering ground for forest birds and rare waterfowl such as Siberian crane.

鄱阳湖现有已知鸟类310种，留鸟45种，冬候鸟155种，夏候鸟107种，迷鸟3种。

The lake now has a record of 310 species of birds. There are 45 species of resident birds, 155 species of winter migratory birds, 107 species of breeding birds and three species of straggler birds.

全国鸟类环志中心教授钱法文及其科研团队自1999年至今，一直参与鄱阳湖水鸟调查，白鹤在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中被列为极度濒危物种。即便如此，在过去的20年里，鸟类的数量已经从大约3000只增加到5000多只。

The Siberian crane is listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Even so, the population of the birds has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China, part of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, who has been observing the birds around the lake since 1999.

鄱阳湖的水位决定了鸟类是否适合在那里栖息。然而，气候变化导致水平异常波动。

钱教授说，“在某些年份，湖泊会经历洪水，而某些年份，它会遭受干旱。这两种情况都会在鹤的栖息地造成食物短缺。”

Qian said that Poyang's water levels determine whether it is suitable for the birds to nest there. However, climate change has caused the levels to fluctuate abnormally.

"In some years, the lake experiences floods, while in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes’ habitat," he said.

白鹤主要以苦草等植物为食。在洪水或干旱期间，草不能很好地生长，所以鸟类会前往农田寻找食物。

The Siberian crane feeds on plants such as eelgrass. During periods of flooding or drought, the grass doesn't grow well, so the birds head for farmland to look for food.

为了帮助解决这个问题，江西省政府在南昌建造了70公顷的莲藕，为鹤提供冬季的栖息。

“为了保护它们，我们需要保护它们的栖息地，主要是湿地，”钱法文说。

To help solve this problem, the Jiangxi provincial government has built 70 hectares of lotus roots in Nanchang to provide substance during the winter for the cranes.

"To protect them, we need to protect their habitat, which is mainly wetland," he said.

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