新冠欲抬头,如何应对二次感染
自从去年12月份新冠病毒感染防控政策实施全面放开以来,我国经历了一轮全国范围的新冠病毒感染高峰。目前,我国疫情呈现局部零星散发状态,新冠病毒依然在人群中的持续传播。2023年4月15日,中疾控发布的全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情情况显示新冠阳性率略有反弹(最近三周阳性率分别为2.3%、2.6%和2.6%)。此外,我国首次检测出15例XBB.1.16,一个被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为“监测下的新变种病毒(VUM)”的具有强免疫逃逸能力的突变株 [1]。人们对可能出现的第二轮新冠病毒感染极为关注。
二次感染是每一轮新冠病毒流行的一个关注热点,如二次感染是否会带来更高的重症率和死亡率以及二次感染的治疗方案,都是热门讨论话题。
图1 全国哨点医院流感样病例新冠和流感病毒阳性率变化趋势
(数据来源于402家网络实验室)
根据WHO建议,将“二次感染”定义为(1)两次感染的 qRT-PCR检测结果均呈阳性,或符合WHO病例定义的等效抗原检测结果为阳性,且发病间隔至少为 90 天; (2)如果间隔不到3个月,但发现了感染不同分支的证据,也可判定为二次感染[2]。
a.COVID-19重症高风险因素包括:年龄≥60岁、肥胖或超重、吸烟、慢性肺病、慢性肾病、慢性肝病、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、免疫缺陷等
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