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Three times longer than something应该理解为三倍还是四倍?

Three times longer than something应该理解为三倍还是四倍?

教育
新概念写作社群里面有同学问到了一个问题:three times longer than something为什么理解为“比某物长两倍”?



我们平时可能会遇到A is XX times faster/bigger/longer than B这样的比较句式,但它容易产生歧义(中文也是如此),比如"A is three times bigger than B"可以有两种理解:(1)A是B的四倍;(2)A是B的三倍。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》关于times的词条中就有three times longer than sth 这样的用法,词典翻译为“比某物长两倍”(即长度是某物的三倍),相当于three times as long as sth或者three times the length of sth


虽然牛津词典认为A is three times longer than B理解为“A的长度是B的三倍”,不过在实际使用中最好避免使用这一比较句式,以免产生歧义,我们可以改为"A is three times as long as B"。同样,在中文里面我们最好不要说“A比B长三倍”,而是直接说“A的长度是B的三倍”。

国外问答网站usingenglish.com也有读者问过一个类似的问题:three times bigger than something,下面回答的母语者建议说不要用XX times bigger than something这样的说法,而是直接说XX times as big

除了three times longer than something这种用法,英语中还有一个中国英语学习者不太好理解的句式:A is XX times less than B,它同样有两种理解:(1)A是B的XX分之一;(2)A是B的(XX+1)分之一。实际上这一句式连老外也感到困惑,有作者甚至在《科学美国人》上写文章吐槽这一用法。


在文章里面作者提到最好避免这种说法,而是用XX times as…as…句式。

Please, stop writing “three times less than” or “six times lighter than” or “twenty times thinner than.” Think of your long-suffering, literal-minded math writer friends and rewrite! “Steel is six times as heavy as graphene paper.” Thank you.

不过陈用仪在《英语常用词疑难用法手册》里面提到,不管是英文还是中文,倍数越大,“若干倍再加一”的可能就越小,例如:A is one thousand times more than B,大多数人都会理解为“A是B的1000倍”,而不是“A是B的1001倍”,这种情况下一般没有歧义。但如果倍数太小,就要注意有没有产生歧义的情况。



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