必看！参与救灾，志愿者应该掌握哪些技能？

最近，北京、河北、吉林、黑龙江等地都遭受了不同程度的洪灾，除了救援物资，全国各地还有大量的救灾志愿者赶往受灾地区。

上周，央视的大数据报道显示，河北涿州洪水爆发后，有超过1.7万志愿者来到这里。

Recently, regions including Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, and Heilongjiang have been experiencing floods to varying degrees. In addition to providing relief supplies, a significant number of volunteer rescuers from across the country are mobilizing to assist in the affected areas. According to a report by CCTV last week, more than 17,000 volunteers arrived to aid in the rescue efforts after a flood struck Zhuozhou, Hebei province.

但是，抗洪救灾是需要一定技术知识和专业训练的，盲目地跑去帮忙，很有可能给自己和他人带来危险。

就此，中国日报记者请到了北京平澜基金会救援队教官、中国灾害防御协会水域救援的培训教官、前蓝天水域救援队队长周亚辉，在一同去往涿州赈灾的路上进行了深入的探讨。

However, flood relief requires certain technical knowledge and professional training. Blindly rushing to help can potentially pose dangers to oneself and others. In light of this, we invited Zhou Yahui, an aquatic rescue training instructor at the China Disaster Prevention Association, a former captain of the Blue Sky Aquatic Rescue Team and an instructor with the Beijing Peaceland Foundation Rescue Team, to have an in-depth discussion with us as we accompanied him to Zhuozhou.

话不多说，视频先送上：这条访谈视频中，插入了很多段从未公开的涿州洪水民间救援队抢险救灾画面，看后你可能会觉得，哦，原来做志愿者，不是一拍脑门就可以冲的。

总结一下周教官十多年水域救援的经验，在洪灾救援中，容易遇到的危险有如下几类：

一是暗流、急流；二是水下看不见的锋利物；三是救援船只、设备的突然损坏；四是意外落水后水性不足。除此之外，其他突发状况也是难以预估，更是需要正规的训练和长年的经验才能应对自如。

There are several hazards to be aware of during flood rescue missions. First, there are hidden currents and rapids. Second, there are sharp objects underwater that cannot be seen. Third, rescue boats and equipment can suddenly get damaged. And fourth, some people with insufficient swimming skills may need to be rescued after accidentally falling into the water. Apart from these challenges, there are other unforeseeable situations that require proper training and years of experience to handle skillfully.

比如，周教官提到，遇到比较窄、比较浅的河道，救援艇是否可以通过、最多可以承载几人通过，只有有经验的救援队员才能正确判断；再比如，当到达救援现场，有多处等待救援的人员，如何判断哪里的状况更危急、更需要优先救援，如何设计路线，以争取最短的救援和转移时间等，处处都是学问。

再加上洪灾发生后，受灾地区的通讯网络都是瘫痪的，手机没信号，不光消息发不出去，电话也打不出去，可能在几个小时的时间里，政府和民间的救援力量都没办法正常沟通指挥。这时候如果遇到危险，后果可想而知。周教官说，每次抢险救灾，都是体力和脑力的巨大挑战。

他说：“我也看到过救援队员跑到旁边的建筑物上，跟灾民待在一起等待救援的，甚至是趴在旁边的公交车站牌顶上坐着的。所以说其实去救援这件事情本身，也是一个很危险并且有要求的事情。”

视频中，周亚辉提到了志愿者“上岗”前，应该经过哪些训练，包括体能、专业技能和设备操控经验等几个方面，感兴趣的读者朋友可以认真记一记。

从十几年前开始做水域救援到现在，周亚辉也参加了多次国际的民间灾害救援培训和交流。他说，在世界上，中国的救援水平已经比较先进，不论是基础建设，还是政府和民间救援人员的响应速度、救援能力，以及人民的团结程度，物资的丰富程度，都是绝大多数国家无法比拟的。

河北涿州从8月1日起发洪水，当天解放军、武警、消防以及民间救援队纷纷抵达，到8月6日，救援工作基本结束，全部受灾群众都得到安全转移和安置，之后各个救灾队伍就投入到清淤、消杀等工作中去。

7日，记者抵达涿州时，看到运送物资的车辆一排一排地进入城市和农村，人民子弟兵在街道上日夜不休地清淤消杀，群众也都有序地领取救援物品、整理洪水退去后被淹过的物品等等，各界协同一心，一切都在有序开展。

中国人民总是团结一致，万众一心。每当有不幸的受灾消息传来，总是有大量暖心驰援的故事广为流传。从2008年的汶川地震，到后来的北京特大暴雨、河南洪灾，来自各行各业民间志愿者的救助力量都发挥了十分重要的作用。这里要多说一句，多掌握一些专业知识，可以在关键时刻更好地照顾好自己，也帮助到其他需要帮助的人。

Chinese people always stand united and show solidarity. Whenever there is news of disasters, heartwarming stories of assistance emerge and spread widely, and the efforts of volunteers from all walks of life have played a crucial role in providing assistance for disaster relief. Here, we would like to stress the importance of acquiring professional knowledge, as it can help individuals take better care of themselves during crucial moments and also aid others who are in need.

记者：闫东洁