《经济学人·商论》2023-08-20

How China became a car-exporting juggernaut

汽车爱好者往往分为两个阵营：一个膜拜德国汽车工程的性能和速度；一个认为日本汽车更优秀，欣赏其可靠性和性价比。

CAR ENTHUSIASTS tend to fall into one of two camps: those who fawn over the power and speed of German automotive engineering; and those who think Japanese cars are superior, admiring their reliability and value for money.

几十年来，这两个国家一直在争夺世界最大汽车出口国的领跑位置。但它们的统治地位即将终结。中国本已是世界最大的汽车制造国，以目前的势头看，它在出口上也将赶超竞争对手。

For decades the two countries have jostled for position as the world’s leading car exporter. But the pair’s dominance is coming to an end. Already the world’s largest car manufacturer, China is on track to overtake its rivals in exports, too.

仅仅几年前，中国汽车制造商驶进海外市场的速度还停滞不前。2015年，中国每年出口汽车不到37.5万辆，少于印度，大致相当于与德国和日本一个月的出口量。但到了2020年前后，中国换挡提速。2021年，中国出口了近160万辆汽车。到2022年达到270万辆。2023年的国际销量势必进一步增长。海关数据显示，今年前6个月中国已出口了近200万辆汽车，也就是每天超过1万辆。Until just a few years ago, attempts by Chinese carmakers to expand into foreign markets had stalled. In 2015 China exported under 375,000 cars a year, fewer than India, and about as many as Germany and Japan shipped in a single month. But in around 2020, the country changed gears. In 2021 China exported nearly 1.6m cars. By 2022 it hit 2.7m. International sales are set to rev up further in 2023. Customs data show that the country shipped nearly 2m cars in the first six months of the year, or more than 10,000 a day. ... ...

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